安徽省岳西县来榜地区土地质量地球化学评价

以安徽省西南部岳西县来榜地区为研究区,按8个点/km^2的密度采集表层土壤样品,系统分析了该区土壤样品中Cd、Hg、As、Se等21项元素的含量及相关指标特征。采用土地利用现状图斑作为评价单元,参照土地质量地球化学评价规范对来榜地区土地质量进行地球化学评价。结果表明:来榜地区土地环境综合质量状况优质,达到一等环境质量的土地面积占研究区总面积的97.14%;土壤养分综合质量中等以上的土地面积占研究区总面积的88.05%。土地质量地球化学综合等级以二等土地为主,面积占研究区总面积的66.87%;其次为一等土地,面积占研究区总面积的18.57%。研究区土壤整体缺乏硒,但部分茶叶富硒。上述结论可为研究区土地质量生态管理、土地合理规划及利用提供参考。     

皖江经济带某区土壤质量地球化学评价与空间分布研究

土壤质量评价是土地利用总体规划的重要组成部分,是土地利用分区的主要技术依据和决策因素.本次针对研究区开展调查,基于土壤地质调查与数据分析进行土壤质量地球化学综合评价和分级.结果表明:区内总体土地质量良好,但存在土壤养分元素氮、磷、碘、硒等元素缺乏.土壤总体酸碱度呈弱碱性—中性.土壤综合等级以三等及以上等级为主,占研究区总面积的94.7％.土壤养分元素的缺乏以及土壤污染是影响土地质量的主要原因.     

云南省盐津县峨眉山玄武岩区土壤铜元素地球化学特征及环境风险评价

针对峨眉山玄武岩区土壤常见铜元素异常,利用云南省盐津县1:50 000土地质量地球化学评价资料,开展铜元素地球化学特征研究及环境风险评价。结果显示,研究区表层土壤铜元素异常带与峨眉山玄武岩组空间位置十分吻合,虽然土地质量地球化学评价的土壤铜环境等级为中度污染和重度污染,但区内灌溉水水质清洁,水稻、玉米和茶叶等农作物样品中铜元素含量均不超标。研究区表层土壤铜元素分布主要受成土母质和地质背景影响,暂无环境风险。     

江苏土壤地球化学分区

土壤地球化学分区的实质就是依据不同地区土壤中元素含量等差异及其分布规律,划分地球化学特征一致或相似的土壤分布范围。以江苏1:25万区域生态地球化学调查新获得的大量土壤样品元素含量等测试数据为基础,从全省土壤元素含量等分布不均匀的现状出发,根据土壤中的元素组合、特殊元素含量差异、酸碱度差异等,并结合各地第四纪地质作用特点等要素,将江苏土壤划分为3个地球化学区、24个地球化学亚区,指出了部分土壤地球化学亚区的特殊用途,为江苏土地资源保护与利用提供了新的线索。     

江西省吉泰盆地土地质量评价

依据影响土地质量的营养有益元素、有毒有害元素、化合物及有机污染物、土壤理化性质等地球化学指标,运用层次分析法赋予各项指标权重,建立相应的隶属度函数,通过函数值划分江西省吉泰盆地的土地等级。评价区土地质量总体良好,良好以上土壤面积为9 640.94 km2,占评价区总面积的85.98%;中等土壤占评价区总面积的13.75%,差等级土壤占0.27%。该研究成果为调整吉泰盆地农业种植结构,发展特色优质农产品,促进科学合理施肥提供了地球化学依据,同时,对污染土地的治理提出了施用石灰(Ca CO3)降低土壤酸性,增施有机肥、补施磷酸盐等相应的对策。     

甘肃省武威地区土地质量地球化学评估

利用甘肃省武威地区1∶25万多目标区域地球化学调查数据,通过评估指标筛选、指标权重赋值、隶属函数的计算及土地等级的划分,对该地区进行了土地质量地球化学评估,最终将测区土壤质量划分为优质、优良、良好、中等、差等5个等级。结果显示:测区内土地质量良好以上等级的土壤占全区面积的81.05%,中等级别土壤占全区总面积的5.02%,差等级的土壤占全区总面积的13.93%。研究表明,武威地区总体土地质量良好,适宜农牧业的发展。     

土地质量地球化学评价成果与若干问题探讨:以浙江省金华市汤溪镇为例

为进一步总结完善丘陵盆地区中大比例尺土地质量地球化学调查评价方法技术,2013年在中国地质调查局的支持下,选择浙江省金华市汤溪镇农用地分布区开展了试点调查和采样密度对比试验。基于调查数据进行了土壤酸碱度(p H)、土壤养分丰缺、土壤环境质量和土壤质量地球化学综合评价与分级,探讨了丘陵盆地区野外采样密度。结果表明:区内土壤p H值低、酸性土壤广泛分布;土壤养分元素氮、磷、钾普遍缺乏;土壤环境质量总体较好,仅局部地区出现重金属元素超标;土壤质量地球化学综合等级以一等、二等为主,优良土地面积占调查区的92. 6%,土壤酸性强、养分缺乏是影响调查区土地质量的主要原因,建议采取适当措施调控土壤酸碱度、补充土壤养分;丘陵盆地区中大比例尺土地质量地球化学调查应适当提高土壤采样密度,有效控制土地利用图斑,以便于调查成果在土地资源管护中的应用。     

江西丰城董家—尚庄地区土地质量地球化学评估方法

江西丰城董家—尚庄土地质量评估是在土壤理化性质的基础上,根据K、Ca、Fe、Mn、Na、As、Cd、Se、F、I、pH及有机质等指标,运用层次分析法和隶属函数建立土地质量地球化学评估模型对其进行评估。结果表明：优质、优良、良好、中等土地面积分布分别占总面积的0.2%、74.9%、9.3%、15.6%,反映土地质量地球化学综合分等有明显差异。优良以上的土地占该区土地面积的75.1%,大面积分布于研究区,是发展绿色无公害农产品的最佳区域;良好等级的土地位于研究区中部,适宜发展一般性农业,应加强保护与合理利用;中等土地分布于研究区东部铁路沿线及赣江冲积平原,应避免种植粮食、蔬菜等食用作物。     

山东省黄河下游流域土地质量地球化学评估及方法研究

利用土地质量地球化学评估的基本方法,以黄河下游流域山东境内6．4万km2冲积平原区表层土壤区域地球化学调查数据为基础,提出了区内进行评估的参评指标体系,确定了各评估指标层的权重,进而对区内土地质量进行了系统的地球化学评估。研究发现,由于区内土壤物源的相对单一性,在不同参评指标体系下,大部分评估单元的分等始终趋向一致,其中优良等级土地占全区的80％,两端分等土地往往面积较小且分散。评估分等的意义以反映土壤综合肥力和健康指标的高低为主,由于区内土壤环境质量超标比例极小,分等仅指示土壤环境质量的相对优劣。该评估成果可为土地资源的合理利用提供指导,并为今后区内开展的次级地球化学评估工作提供了基础和参照。     

土地质量地球化学评估与绿色产能评价研究:以吉林大安市为例

做好土地资源数量管控,加强耕地质量管理和生态管护是当前的一项非常重要的工作。选择吉林省大安市东南区域为研究对象,进行土地质量地球化学评估,并融合污染元素进行农用地分等研究。结果表明研究区内评定为三等及以上的土壤占全区总面积的72.61%,研究区土地质量总体较好,优质和优良土地分布面积较大,主要为黑钙土,差等的土地主要为盐碱土或盐化草甸土。尝试性地将农用地分等成果中的产能评价和土地质量地球化学评估中的元素含量评价结合,开展了绿色产能评价。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

Petrographic, mineralogy, and geochemistry of coals of Pabedana, Kerman Province, Central Iran

This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.     

Coprecipitation of Ti,Mo, Sn and Sb with fluorides and application to determination of B,Ti, Zr,Nb, Mo,Sn, Sb,Hf and Ta by ICP-MS

We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l^− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO₂.     

Roles of xenomelts,xenoliths, xenocrysts,xenovolatiles, residues,and skarns in the genesis,transport, and localization of magmatic Fe-Ni-Cu-PGE sulfides and chromite

Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations.