潮滩表层沉积物磁性特征的季节性变化及其对沉积动力作用的响应:以杭州湾北岸为例

根据2004年9月—2005年8月杭州湾北岸中潮滩固定观测点重复采集的表层沉积物的磁学参数和粒度分析,探讨了研究区域潮滩沉积物磁学性质的季节性变化及其对沉积动力的响应。 结果表明, 该观测点潮滩沉积物磁学参数存在显著的月际变化,2004年12月底—2005年5月上旬的半年中,SIRM、χARM、χfd%、χARM/χ、χARM/SIRM等参数出现高值,指示了沉积物中含有较多的细晶粒亚铁磁性矿物,对应于潮滩淤积时段和较细的沉积物粒级组成,其余各月上述磁参数值较低,对应于潮滩沉积物较粗的侵蚀期。上述结果表明,沉积物的磁性特征可以很好地反映潮滩冲淤过程中沉积动力的变化。     

长江口潮滩植物对沉积物铁的地球化学循环及磁性特征的影响

通过长江河口高潮滩芦苇带沉积物柱状样CYLWA 1活性铁、有机质、粒度分析及磁性测量,探讨潮滩植物对沉积物铁的地球化学循环及磁性特征变化的影响。结果显示,沉积物柱状样总体上以Fe2 + 占优势,且含量随深度逐渐增加。但在亚表层 (10～ 2 0cm),由于根系的释氧作用,存在着以Fe3 + 占优势的氧化层。在 10～ 2 0cm这一氧化层,指示细颗粒磁性矿物的参数 (χ_fd、χ_ARM)明显减小,而反映磁性矿物类型的参数 (B_CR、SIRM/ χ)显著增大,指示了亚铁磁性矿物颗粒变粗,不完整反铁磁性矿物明显富集,这一现象反映了氧化层不完整反铁磁性矿物的相对富集     

长江、汉江沉积物磁学特征比较研究

长江和汉江现代沉积物的磁学特征分析研究结果表明：  1）长江和汉江现代沉积物中铁磁性矿物均以亚铁磁性矿物为主,它们主导了样品的磁性特征。但长江沉积物比汉江沉积物亚铁磁性矿物含量要高;  2)长江和汉江沉积物的亚铁磁性矿物晶粒都以假单畴~多畴为主。相对汉江沉积物,长江沉积物磁性颗粒总体上要比汉江的粗;   3）长江沉积物中的不完全反铁磁性矿物含量比汉江高,但不完全反铁磁性矿物对沉积物磁性参数和SIRM的贡献却比汉江的小;   4）长江上游金沙江段比长江中游（宜昌-武汉）江段沉积物中亚铁磁性矿物含量要高,且长江中游沉积物样品磁性颗粒要比长江上游的偏细,这可能与搬运距离有关;   5）长江样品的磁性参数的变化区间比汉江大,数据间的相关性也比汉江差。这可能与长江较汉江流域范围广、支流多、物源复杂有密切的关系。     

长江与黄河河口沉积物磁性特征对比的初步研究

根据2001年8月和9月分别采自黄河与长江河口沉积物样品的磁性测量和粒度分析,探讨长江和黄河河口沉积物的磁性特征及其差异。长江河口沉积物中亚铁磁性物质的含量高于黄河口,但长江口与黄河口沉积物中都是亚铁磁性矿物主导了样品磁性特征,亚铁磁性矿物晶粒都以假单畴-多畴为主。相比黄河口沉积物,长江口沉积物不完整反铁磁性物质对磁性特征的的贡献较小。长江与黄河河口的这种磁性特征主要反映了不同的沉积物来源的控制影响。此外,无论是长江口还是黄河口沉积物,磁性参数χARM、χfd%与沉积物细粒级组分存在显著的相关性,表明这两个参数作为粒度的代用指标具有普遍性。     

新疆柴窝堡盆地南缘晚新生代陆源沉积物岩石磁学特征及其古环境意义

亚洲内陆晚新生代干旱化历史及其驱动机制是非常重要的科学问题。选择天山北麓柴窝堡盆地南缘乌鲁木齐河剖面为研究对象,基于磁性地层年代学研究建立的时间标尺,分析了该剖面碎屑沉积物岩石磁学特征及其控制因素,进一步探讨了柴窝堡盆地晚新生代古气候特征。磁性地层年代学研究约束乌鲁木齐河剖面底界年龄为~6.8 Ma,顶界年龄为~3.3 Ma。详细的岩石磁学测量及漫反射光谱分析结果表明,乌鲁木齐河剖面沉积物中磁性矿物主要包括磁铁矿、赤铁矿等,磁学参数χ_lf、χ_ARM、SIRM、S_-100mT、S_-300mT、 χ_ARM/SIRM等在~6.3 Ma、~5.2 Ma存在明显变化,揭示磁性矿物粒度、含量等存在相应变化,如在~6.3 Ma前后,磁性矿物颗粒逐渐变粗、含量降低;在~5.2 Ma前后,磁性矿物颗粒逐渐变细后趋于稳定、含量逐渐增多。基于稀土元素分析、沉积粒度与磁学参数相关性分析,认为沉积物源与沉积物粒度不是导致乌鲁木齐河剖面磁学性质变化的主要因素,自~6.8 Ma以来逐步干旱化的气候条件可能是导致该剖面磁学特征变化的重要原因。基于漫反射光谱分析得到的红度与亮度数据结果也揭示了同样的古气候特征。     

长江口水下三角洲Y7柱样磁性特征及其影响因素

以长江口水下三角洲380cm长的Y7柱样为对象,在磁性测量、地球化学和粒度分析的基础上,探讨了近百年以来长江口水下三角洲沉积物磁性特征变化及其影响因素.研究结果表明,磁铁矿是主导Y7柱样磁性特征的主要矿物,相比常量元素和粒度的均一组成,磁性特征存在显著的垂向变化.220cm以下,频率磁化率(χfd)、非磁滞剩磁磁化率(χARM)、磁化率(χ)、饱和等温剩磁(SIRM)、χARM/χ以及χARM/SIRM随深度增加而下降,而退磁参数S-100mT和S-300mT则呈相反变化趋势;220cm以上,χfd,χ,χARM/χ,χARM/SIRM以及S-100mT和S-300mT随深度变化不大,而SIRM和χARM则随深度增加呈现下降趋势.Y7柱样中硬剩磁(HIRM)随深度变化不大.结合Mn/Fe比值的变化,研究认为Y7柱样300cm以下层位,随深度增加沉积物磁性减弱和超顺磁颗粒急剧减少,还原成岩作用是重要因素之一,不完整反铁磁性矿物因相对稳定而导致其在磁性矿物组合中的比例上升.此外,长江中上游主要支流泥沙贡献率的变化可能会对Y7柱样磁性特征有一定影响,但尚需进一步的工作支持.     

珠江口及琼东北海区元素地球化学特征及物质来源

为了更好的了解南海北部近陆表层沉积物特征及分布,通过对珠江口至海南岛东北海区进行表层沉积物取样测试,共获取了约3 500个样品粒度数据,700余个样品元素地球化学数据。该区域沉积物粒度以粉砂及细砂为主,分选性为较差及差,沉积物常量元素组合以SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、CaO、K2O、MgO及Na2O为主,这7种氧化物占沉积物总量的90％以上（平均值）。对沉积物常量元素百分含量值进行了相关性分析,最终将调查海域沉积物划分为3个不同的区域,分别为珠江口及粤西区域（Ⅰ）、琼州海峡东分布区（Ⅱ）及琼东分布区（Ⅲ）,同时综合分析得出了各区域沉积物运移的路径趋势。     

新疆伊犁晚全新世风成沙-古土壤序列磁化率特征及气候变化

选择新疆伊犁河谷塔克尔莫乎尔沙漠古风成沙-古土壤沉积剖面为研究对象,通过73块样品的磁化率及其与TOC、CaCO3、Fe2O3和粒度组成的相关分析,并以OSL测年为时间标尺,讨论剖面沉积的磁化率变化机制及其古气候意义。结果表明:剖面低频磁化率（χlf）与16～250 μm百分含量为正相关,即低频磁化率χlf变化主要受粗组分含量变化的影响。其中,古风成沙χlf值多高于古土壤,这与我国季风区沙漠沉积的磁化率变化特征相反。根据剖面磁化率及各种环境指标综合分析,研究区3.7 kaBP以来的气候变化可划分为5个阶段:3.71～3.06 kaBP凉湿、3.06～2.78 kaBP冷干、2.78～2.10 kaBP凉湿、2.10～0.50 kaBP冷湿、0.50～0.00 kaBP温干。晚全新世气候变化与周边地区古气候记录有较好的一致性,并与同期北大西洋表层海温变化事件呈现很好的遥相关,总体上表现为相对暖干、凉湿的典型西风气候变化模式。     

东太平洋水合物海岭钻井沉积物铁硫化物的磁学特征及其意义

对ODP(大洋钻探Ocean Drilling Program)204航次在水合物海岭南峰钻取的1245B、1249C、1251B和1252A孔岩心进行磁学分析,结合自生黄铁矿集合体结果探讨沉积物中的铁硫化物的磁学特征及其与甲烷渗漏、水合物赋存的关系。结果表明：4个钻孔岩心中磁性矿物含量总体不高,主要为中、低矫顽力的软磁性矿物,载磁矿物为亚铁磁性的磁铁矿、胶黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿。沉积物中自生黄铁矿是甲烷厌氧氧化(AOM)作用下硫酸盐还原的主要产物,减缓了磁性矿物含量、颗粒大小差异对χARM、HIRM和SIRM/χ的影响,加大了χ/χARM、ARM/SIRM对磁性矿物含量的敏感度。自生黄铁矿集合体含量随深度的变化可能反映古代AOM活动。在甲烷渗漏、水合物赋存背景下,胶黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿的赋存可能是局部与水合物相关的氧化还原作用产物,也可能是早更新世末、中更新世以来某一时期硫酸盐甲烷转换带(SMTZ)快速上移的产物。早更新世沉积层内连续的胶黄铁矿沉积反映了孔隙水中HS-不足的还原成岩环境,与甲烷渗漏、水合物的赋存无关。     

三门峡会兴沟剖面黄土—古土壤序列的岩石磁学研究

岩石磁学是古地磁学和环境磁学研究的基础,是鉴定岩石和沉积物中磁性矿物种类、粒度和含量的有效途径。对黄土高原东南部三门峡盆地的水沟—会兴沟旧石器遗址会兴沟剖面黄土—古土壤序列(S_0~S_8)进行系统的岩石磁学研究表明:本剖面沉积物的主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿,显示准单畴(PSD)磁性颗粒特征。所有磁学参数曲线均表现出基本一致的变化特征,与深海氧同位素曲线能够很好的对应,反映了第四纪以来的冰期—间冰期旋回中,东亚季风影响下的风尘黄土堆积中磁性矿物种类、粒度和含量的周期性变化特征。黄土中高矫顽力磁性矿物的相对含量要高于古土壤中的,而随着成土作用的加强,在古土壤中细粒的低矫顽力磁性矿物显著增加的同时,其中高矫顽力磁性矿物的绝对含量也相应增加。质量磁化率(χ)与非磁滞剩磁磁化率(χ_(ARM))和饱和等温剩磁(SIRM)及磁粒度参数χ_(ARM)/SIRM和χ_(ARM)/χ均呈明显的正相关关系,表明由成土作用产生的单畴(SD)颗粒和较小PSD颗粒对磁化率增强有显著的贡献。     

环境磁学样品干燥过程中的磁性效应

对长江口南岸潮滩沉积物柱样和表层样品的烘干、风干和冻干法处理,然后进行系统磁性测量和水分、有机质的测定。实验结果得知:以冻干法为参照,烘干和风干方法对样品的磁参数的稳定性影响很小,但研究质地粘重样品时,应避免采用风干方法或校正风干样含水量质量后计算相关的磁参数。有机质的含量与主要磁参数成正相关,它对磁参数的影响很小     

The influence of particle size variations on the magnetic properties of sediments from the north-eastern Irish Sea

This paper considers the magnetic properties of a range of recent and contemporary sediments from the north eastern part of the Irish Sea. Principal component ordinations of the results show a close link between magnetic property variations and particle size. The magnetic properties of a subset of samples, particles sized by a combination of sieving and pipette analysis, confirm that variations in ferrimagnetic (‘magnetite’) grain size parallel those in particle size, despite the fact that the magnetic grains in the fine grades have diameters 1–2 orders of magnitude smaller than those of the particle size fraction in which they occur. This is best explained by postulating that the fine magnetic grains occur in the clay fraction but are present in declining concentrations in the coarser grades up to 4ø as an artefact of the pipette method. Most samples have a biomodal distribution of magnetic minerals, with a coarse mode associated with heavy minerals in the sands or coarse silts, and a fine mode in the clays. Magnetic susceptibility (x) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) largely pick out the coarse mode where present; anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) largely picks out the fine mode. The results open up the possibility of normalizing samples from these environments for particle size and, more specifically, clay content, by means of ARM or ARM/x values. The most likely source for the uniform and almost exclusive stable single domain magnetite, which dominates the magnetic properties of the clays, is thought to be bacterial magnetosomes. The measurements as a whole do not appear to hold much promise for discriminating sediment source types.     

罗布泊自生胶黄铁矿对磁性参数χARM/SIRM指示意义的影响

沉积物中磁性矿物的颗粒大小具有重要环境指示意义,是环境磁学研究的重要内容。磁性参数非磁滞剩磁磁化率/饱和等温剩磁（χ_ARM/SIRM）常被用于指示磁性颗粒大小,当沉积物磁性特征为较粗的多畴（MD）颗粒主导时表现为低值,而为较细的单畴（SD）颗粒主导时表现为高值。本研究对罗布泊盐湖LB剖面的沉积物进行了系统环境磁学测试,结果发现剖面中含有5个χ_ARM/SIRM值低于上覆层和下伏层的层位,指示其磁性颗粒较粗。但磁滞参数和扫描电镜结果显示这5个层位磁性颗粒明显细于上覆层和下伏层沉积物,显示χ_ARM/SIRM在这5个层位的指示意义失真。矿物鉴定结果显示这5个层位的主导磁性矿物为早期成岩成因的SD胶黄铁矿,赋存形态主要为颗粒团聚体、单颗粒或颗粒团聚体附着于硅酸盐矿物表面以及分布于薄片状硅酸盐内,这种赋存形态导致其具有较强的磁相互作用,并限制了χ_ARM的增加,最终造成χ_ARM/SIRM下降,指示意义失真。本研究显示当沉积物中存在胶黄铁矿等自生矿物时,利用比值参数χ_ARM/SIRM判断磁性矿物颗粒特征需谨慎。     

长江口现代潮滩沉积物粒度特征及其在沉积相识别中的应用

本研究通过对长江口现代潮滩6个柱状样沉积物的粒度精细分析,试图提取研究区潮滩沉积相识别的粒度敏感指标,并通过对长江三角洲南部平原一个全新世钻孔(SL67孔)潮滩沉积物的粒度研究,检验现代沉积粒度敏感指标在全新世钻孔潮滩沉积相识别中的应用。研究显示,长江口现代高潮滩和中潮滩的黏性颗粒(8μm)和粗粉砂(32~63μm)含量差异显著,可以成为区分高潮滩和中潮滩的敏感组分;在开敞型的中、低潮滩之间,砂(63μm)和细粉砂含量(8~32μm)也差异明显。长江口现代潮滩沉积物的粒度频率曲线及众数值也可以有效协助区分高潮滩、中潮滩和低潮滩沉积物。利用上述粒度敏感组分和众数指标检验SL67孔全新世早中期在海平面波动控制下的潮滩演替过程,并揭示了7.5 cal ka BP前后的一次海平面加速上升事件。     

长江三角洲全新世地层中潮滩沉积磁性特征及其古环境意义

对长江三角洲北翼江苏南通地区NT钻孔（长60.9 m）进行了系统的环境磁学分析,并结合岩性特征、粒度、漫反射光谱（DRS）等手段,探讨了全新世早、晚期潮滩沉积的磁性特征及其古环境意义。NT孔自下而上可分为6层（U1~U6层）,其中U2层下部（49.9~44.8 m）和U6层（7.5~0.3 m）为潮滩沉积,具有较低的退磁参数S比值及较高的硬剩磁（HIRM）和SIRM/χ,表明反铁磁性矿物如赤铁矿、针铁矿等含量和比例较高。结合漫反射光谱（DRS）分析,发现U6层上部盐沼（1.5~0.3 m）赤铁矿和针铁矿富集,U2层下部的盐沼仅富集赤铁矿。这一差异与U2层和U6层形成的时期和沉积环境有关。U2层形成于晚更新世晚期至早全新世,且曾长期暴露地表,有利于赤铁矿的形成,其后随着海平面的持续上升,盐沼不断垂向加积,始终处于水下环境,不利于针铁矿的形成;U6层形成于晚全新世三角洲海岸的进积过程中,氧化还原相互交替的环境有利于针铁矿的形成,后期成陆后的成土作用生成了较多的磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿。研究表明,全新世三角洲发育过程中,不同时期形成的盐沼具有不同的磁性特征,磁性特征的研究可以提供潮滩沉积环境演变的信息,对三角洲古环境重建研究具有重要意义。     

Rock magnetic response to climatic changes in west Philippine Sea for the last 780 ka: Discussion based on relative paleointensity assisted chronology

We conducted rock magnetic and paleomagnetic research on two deep-sea sediment cores from the west Philippine Sea, located to the east of Benham Rise with the length of 4 m and water depth of over 5000 m. At the bottom of core 146 occurs a reversal of inclination and deflection of relative declination, which is recognized as Brunhes-Matuyama Polarity Boundary (MBPB). No reversal occurs in core 89, which implies a younger bottom age than that of core 146. Rock magnetic results reveal magnetic uniformities in mineralogy, concentration and grain size along the two cores, thus relative paleointensity variations are acquired. The three normalizers-anhysteresis remanent magnetization (ARM), magnetic susceptibility (k) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) are used for normalization to obtain relative paleointensities. The three normalization results are averaged to indicate the paleoitensity of the cores and are further stacked together to get a synthetic curve for west Philippine Sea (named asWPS800 in this paper). Based on the magnetic correlation between cores and paleointensity to Sint800, we transfer the changes of rock magnetic parameters from depth to time. Furthermore, the astronomically tuned oxygen isotope from ODP site 1143 in the south China Sea is used for the glacial and interglacial indicator. Three concentration proxies (ARM, k and SIRM) and grain size indicators (k _ARM/SIRM, k _ARM/k) are examined according to the paleointensity-assisted chronology. The grain size changes in the two cores display a consistent pattern with the climatic changes embodied by oxygen isotope. The magnetic sizes are usually coarser in glacial periods and finer in interglacial times, which may reflect the influence of chemical erosion rather than fining from sea level rising on the source sediment. Furthermore, the sub-peaks and sub-troughs in interglaciations almost correspond with that of oxygen isotope records, which means sedimentation can reflect the subtle changes in interglaciations. This kind of revelation of climatic fluctuation by magnetic size is also found in the South China Sea, which shows a common pattern of magnetic signals to climate at least within East Asia. The concentration of ARM (representing more about fine grain) also shows similar response to glacial and interglacial cycles, that is, high in interglacial cycle and low in glacial cycle; but k and SIRM (reflecting more about coarse grain) lack the response to the climatic cycles. At the same time, S-ratio lacks the correlation with aeolian dust record and rhythmic changes, indicating the dominant source of main magnetic carrier (low coercivity magnetite) is the suspended matter instead of dust. The decreasing trend of sedimentation rate from west to east also reveals that the sediments are mainly from west Luzon and adjacent land. Grain sizes first became coarse and then stable around 400 ka B.P., and at the same time all the magnetic contents lowered and amplitude of magnetic mineral changes increased. The magnetic transition around 400 ka B.P. is simultaneous with the decreases of carbonate content, reflecting a global carbonate dissolution event, i.e. mid Brunhes event. The synchronization of magnetic content and grain size with climatic cycles of glacials and interglacials imply the validity of paleointesnityassisted chronology. Also, the response of rock magnetic signals to stable oxygen isotope changes and carbonate variation reveals that rock magnetismmethod can be an effective tool for paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic research. __________ Translated from Quaternary Sciences, 2007, 27(6): 1040–1052 [译自 : 第四纪研究]     

Magnetic properties of light and dark sediment layers from the japan sea: Diagenetic and paleoclimatic implications

Rock magnetic/paleoclimatic/diagenetic relationships of sediments spanning the last 0.78 Ma have been investigated using samples collected from light and dark layers recovered at ODP Sites 794 (Yamato Basin) and 795 (Japan Basin). Rock-magnetic parameters (K, K_fd, ARM, SIRM, S-ratio) are shown to reflect diagenetic processes and climate-related variations in the concentration, mineralogy and grain-size of the magnetic minerals contained within the sediments. The magnetic mineralogy is dominated by ferrimagnetic (magnetite-type) minerals with a small contribution made by hematite and iron sulphides such as pyrrhotite and/or greigite. Magnetic mineral concentration and grain size vary between light and dark layers with the former characterized by a higher magnetic content and a finer magnetic grain size. Magnetite dissolution, related to sulfate reduction due to bacterial degradation of organic matter, is the process responsible for the magnetic characteristics observed in the dark layers, testifying to the reducing conditions in the basin. Variations in the rock magnetic properties of the sediments are strongly correlated with global oxygen isotope fluctuations, with glacial stages characterized by a lower magnetic mineral content and a coarser magnetic grain size relative to interglacial stages. Major downcore changes in the magnetic properties observed at Site 794 can be related to changes in the oceanographic conditions of the basin associated with the flow of the warm Tsushima Current into the Japan Sea at about 0.35–0.40 Ma ago.     

长江三角洲地区晚新生代沉积物岩石磁学特征及其物源指示意义

对长江三角洲地区7个晚新生代钻孔沉积物的岩石地层和磁化率特征进行详细对比,并进一步选择浦东机场孔（PD孔）进行了详细的岩石磁学测试,讨论了该地区的晚新生代沉积物物源的演变。结果显示沉积物磁性的4次显著变化：  1）各钻孔上新世磁性强弱差异明显;   2）早更新世早期本区普遍表现出弱磁性;   3）从早更新世中晚期至全新世,磁性强度一般随粒度粗细变化波动,即砂质沉积磁性强,泥质沉积磁性弱;   4）晚更新世晚期以来,细颗粒沉积物的磁性较明显增强。磁性参数分析显示上新世和早更新世早期磁性矿物晶体颗粒较细,早更新世中晚期-晚更新世以粗晶粒磁性矿物为主,全新世细晶粒磁铁矿再次占主导。我们认为上述磁性变化反映构造沉降控制下现代长江三角洲地区物源区的不断扩大。