海南省昌化江9618号台风暴雨洪水特性分析

分析了发生在海南省昌化江流域的9618号台风暴雨洪水的天气系统、暴雨特点和洪水形成原因,通过洪水调查和频率分析得出,在昌化江下游本次洪水的重现期有逐渐变大的特点.     

泾河流域暴雨洪水特性

搜集了泾河流域历史上著名的暴雨洪水资料，调查和整理了近年来发生的特大或较大暴雨洪水资料，分析和总结了该流域发生短历时、大强度、暴涨暴落、破坏力强的局部暴雨洪水的特点、变化规律和形成条件，提出了防御局部暴雨洪水灾害的对策。     

由实测暴雨推求设计洪水方法的探讨

基于南方湿润地区洪水由暴雨形成的特点，可根据实测暴雨资料分析流域代表性产、汇流参数，将历年最大面暴雨系列转换为对应的洪水系列，并由该洪水系列作为样本来计算洪水统计参数。实例分析结果表明，与实测洪水计算结果相近，该方法不但克服了山区河流雨洪同频率的假定，而且还为研究暴雨形成洪水的产、汇流机制，创造了一定的条件。     

基于频率法的建始水文站“20200726”暴雨洪水分析

暴雨洪水对地区经济和居民生产生活都具有破坏性的影响。通过对某一区域进行暴雨特点、暴雨成因、洪水特点以及洪水成因分析,能够为未来暴雨洪水预测提供参考。本文以该区域的建始水文站(建始城关水文站)为例,从降水过程及分布、暴雨重现期、洪水特征等多个方面分析了暴雨洪水成因和过程,得到了暴雨重现期和洪水重现期,为当地暴雨洪水分析与预报积累经验,为工程建设、水文计算分析提供参考依据。     

奎濉河流域"98·8"暴雨洪水分析

1998年8月中旬,奎濉河流域发生了一场暴雨洪水,分析了该场暴雨洪水的暴雨特性、洪水特性及其重现期,有助于对该流域暴雨洪水特点的认识.     

广西郁江2001年7月暴雨洪水分析

分析了2001年7月发生在广西郁江的暴雨洪水的成因及发展过程、暴雨特性、洪水过程、洪水来源及组成、洪水特点及重现期,对于掌握该流域暴雨、洪水的形成条件和变化规律是十分有益的。     

廊坊市“16.7”暴雨洪水初探

受副热带高压外围暖湿气流和高空槽、高空低涡等气候因素的综合影响,2016年7月19日至21日,廊坊市及上游北京城区发生了特大暴雨。廊坊市北部潮白河、北运河发生洪水,洪水总量超过了"12.7"暴雨洪水。通过对本次暴雨成因、时空分布、洪水水位流量过程等水文资料的分析研究,阐述了本次暴雨洪水特点,并与"12.7"暴雨洪水进行对比分析。对北运河、潮白河洪水预报和洪水调度具有指导作用。     

2013年黑龙江、松花江暴雨洪水分析

2013年黑龙江、松花江分别发生1984、1998年以来最大的流域性洪水。针对此次暴雨洪水,概述了致洪暴雨的天气背景、降雨过程,重点从洪水过程、洪水组成、水利工程作用、历史大洪水对比及暴雨洪水特点等方面进行了分析总结,供流域防汛抗洪工作参考。     

河北省中南部"96·8"暴雨洪水特性分析

分析了发生在河北省中南部的"96·8"暴雨洪水的天气系统、暴雨特点和洪水形成特性,并与历史上发生的"56·8"、"63·8"暴雨洪水进行了比较,有助于人们对该地区暴雨洪水的进一步认识.     

西江流域灾害性暴雨洪水特征及成因分析

为探究西江流域暴雨洪水发生规律,根据1994、1998、2005和2008年四场灾害性暴雨洪水实测资料,对暴雨洪水过程进行分析。通过计算暴雨时间、空间变差系数、相对中心和洪水集中度等特征指标定量分析暴雨洪水特性,结合洪水组合和遭遇情况分析洪水成因。分析结果表明:四场暴雨雨量分布不均,降雨历时均大于10d,且暴雨相对中心值呈减小趋势,暴雨中心沿河流流向移动易导致灾害性洪水。1998和2005年两场100年一遇洪水均为全流域大量级洪水遭遇导致。两场暴雨均有雨量大、时间变差系数V_t值小,时间分布均匀和雨峰系数C_p值大,主雨峰峰现时间迟的特点;暴雨中心均有向下游转移的趋势,空间变差系数V_p值均趋于增加,空间分布趋于集中。研究结果可为西江流域的水库群联合防洪调度提供科学依据。     

小清河分洪区洪水演进的数值模拟

本文应用数值模拟方法,对永定河中游的小清河分洪区内分洪时的洪水演进过程进行了模拟计算,在此基础上编制了该分洪区的洪水风险图,并研究了减少分洪区内生命财产损失的若干对策。实践证明,这种成果可作为防洪决策的基础,目前已被某些地区采用。     

Flood hazard management in the United States and the National Flood Insurance Program

The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) both provides flood insurance to floodplain occupants and encourages local communities to adopt floodplain land-use regulations. As well as providing the core of the federal non-structural flood hazard management effort, the NFIP is a central element in both state and local activities. A major issue influencing the success of the NFIP in curbing flood damages is its treatment of properties built before the adoption of floodplain regulations. The potential for using the NFIP to encourage floodproofing and influence post-flood hazard mitigation must be fully explored.     

Flood Forecasting and Flood Warning in the Firth of Clyde, UK

Coastal flooding has caused significant damage to a number of communities around the Firth of Clyde in south-west Scotland, UK. The Firth of Clyde is an enclosed embayment affected by storm surge generated in the Northern Atlantic and propagated through the Irish Channel. In recent years, the worst flooding occurred on 5th January 1991 with the estimated damage of approximately £7M. On average, some £0.5M damage is caused each year by coastal flooding. With the latest climate change predictions suggesting increased storm activity and the expected increase in mean sea levels, these damages are likely to increase. In line with the expansion of flood warning provision in Scotland, the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) has developed a flood warning system to provide local authorities and emergency services with up to 24 h warning of coastal flooding within the Firth of Clyde and River Clyde Estuary up to Glasgow City Centre. The Firth of Clyde flood warning system consists of linked 1-D and 2-D mathematical models of the Firth of Clyde and Clyde Estuary, and other software tools for data processing, viewing and generating warning messages. The general methodology adopted in its implementation was developed following extensive consultation with the relevant authorities, including local councils and police. The warning system was launched in October 1999 and has performed well during four winter flood seasons. The system currently makes forecasts four times a day and is the only operational coastal flood warning system in Scotland.This paper summarises the development of the warning system, gives a review of its operation since its launch in 1999 and discusses future developments in flood warning in Scotland.     

论河流汛期时变设计洪水

论述了时变设计洪水优化水库防洪设计和提高水库兴利效益的重要性，提出了以带时畸参数泊松标准过程作为描述汛期洪水时变规律的概率模型，并建议彩和时段设计洪水作为水库运用期设计洪水，它既反映汛期洪水演变规律，又满防洪标准，一个实例分析计算和检验结果表明，模型与实际资料合良好，计算结果合理，具有良好的推广和应用前景。     

滩槽流量分别演算法进行汾河下游河段洪水预报

汾河下游柴庄以下河段由于受人为和处在然等多种因素影响,河道发生持续淤积,过水能力大幅度降低,使河道行洪特点发生很大变化,正常洪水预报方法失效。     

珠江三角洲洪水孕灾环境变化及其洪水响应

通过分析珠江三角洲最近几十年的气候、下垫面及人类活动资料,揭示了三角洲洪水孕灾环境的深刻变化.主要表现为三角洲气温明显上升,降水变率增大,河系简化,河床普遍下切、变窄,滩涂面积减少,口门延伸,地表不透水面积增大等.结合最近几次大洪水的水文情势,综合分析了三角洲洪水对孕灾环境变化的复合响应.     

An Assessment of Flood Forecasting in Bangladesh: The Experience of the 1998 Flood

Floods are among the most costly natural disasters interms of human sufferings and economic losses inBangladesh. Approximately 20% of the countryexperiences normal annual flooding while all thehistorical catastrophic floods inundated more thanfifty percent of the country's total area. The recentflood in 1998 has been found to be more severe thanall previous floods. During the flooding season of1998, the Flood Forecasting and Warning Center (FFWC)of the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB)prepared daily flood bulletin and incorporatedinformation about rainfall, rise/fall of riverwater, flood forecasting for 24 and 48 hr inadvance and warning messages (if any). The FFWCattempted to provide adequate services to the localand national level decision-making process. Theforecasting procedure adapted by the FFWC was based onhydrological information, forecaster's experience, andmodel simulation. This paper primarily examines therole and activities of the FFWC, especially in floodforecasting and warning. Identification of the causesand consequences of 1998 flood is the other pertinentarea of discussion of the paper.Findings of this research revealed that the flood of1998 was caused by heavy downpour in the upstream thatwas drained out through the major rivers inBangladesh. Three major rivers' peak was synchronizedand characterized it as the most prolonged flood inthe history of Bangladesh. It also revealed that,despite various limitations, the flood forecasts ofthe FFWC were reasonably adequate to meet nationaldemand during the crises of 1998.     

99洪水和对进一步治理太湖的探讨

1999年太湖流域发生了特大洪水,太湖最高洪水位达5.08m,创历史新高.文中分析了1999年洪水的雨情、水情及其特点.阐述了已建治理太湖工程的防洪作用和减灾效益,并对太湖流域的进一步治理作了探讨.     

太湖流域1991年洪涝及今后治理措施

1991年太湖流域发生了自1954年以来最严重的洪涝,湖西及流域北部的降雨强度以及太湖最高水位均高于1954年,给苏锡常地区带来了严重的损失.阐述了1991年降雨和洪水的特征,分析了产生洪涝灾害的原因,并对今后的治理措施进行了探讨.     

松花江凌汛

分析了松花江流域凌汛的成因、特点和地理分布, 认为嫩江上游、松花江下游是凌汛多发地区.年最高水位出现在凌汛期的机率可达40%左右, 最高凌汛水位相当于大汛期5%～10%频率的洪水位.