尼玛区幅、热布喀幅地质调查新成果及主要进展

证实测区内发育含有华夏生物群分子的上二叠统敌布错组.查明班公湖-怒江结合带内发育一套中侏罗世稳定型浅海碎屑岩沉积.发现结合带南侧存在中晚侏罗世滞后型岛弧火山岩和后碰撞型SP花岗岩带,认为班公湖-怒江结合带在测区表现为向南俯冲的构造极性,闭合时间在中侏罗世以前.根据格仁错地区推覆构造和帮勒右行斜北冲挤压韧性变形带初步研究结果,提出永珠-格仁错构造带是一个具有多期活动特征的区域性构造带,并属于狮泉河-申扎-嘉黎构造带的一部分.识别出冈底斯岩浆弧存在2个相对集中又有所套叠的岩带.发现冈底斯中段存在一个矽卡岩型多金属成矿带,在冈底斯北坡古近纪盆地日贡拉组中发现砂岩型铜矿.     

1：25万物玛幅地质调查成果与进展

对测区岩石地层系统进行了重新划分厘定，正式填图单元33个、非正式填图单元20个；在南羌塘板片内首次发现晚三叠世磨拉石建造，并新建亭共拉组；将班公湖一怒江结合带南侧的接奴群解体为多仁组和日松组；证实竟柱山组与江巴组应为不同的岩石地层单位，江巴组应恢复其岩石地层单位，并在竟柱山组之上；发现木嘎岗日岩群复理石-硅质岩建造被沙木罗组陆源碎屑岩角度不整合覆盖，从而揭示班公湖-怒江结合带的关闭上限为晚侏罗世-早白垩世；证实郎山组与下伏地层之间存在一大型海侵超覆界面；在古昌蛇绿混杂岩带内首次发现斜长花岗岩，获128Ma(Ar-Ar)年龄。证实拉布错一带有一条蛇绿岩带存在，并在蛇绿岩中获141Ma(Ar-Ar法)年龄，表明其构造侵位时期为侏罗系。     

1∶25万物玛幅地质调查成果与进展

对测区岩石地层系统进行了重新划分厘定,正式填图单元33个、非正式填图单元20个;在南羌塘板片内首次发现晚三叠世磨拉石建造,并新建亭共拉组;将班公湖-怒江结合带南侧的接奴群解体为多仁组和日松组;证实竟柱山组与江巴组应为不同的岩石地层单位,江巴组应恢复其岩石地层单位,并在竟柱山组之上;发现木嘎岗日岩群复理石-硅质岩建造被沙木罗组陆源碎屑岩角度不整合覆盖,从而揭示班公湖-怒江结合带的关闭上限为晚侏罗世-早白垩世;证实郎山组与下伏地层之间存在一大型海侵超覆界面;在古昌蛇绿混杂岩带内首次发现斜长花岗岩,获128Ma(Ar-Ar法)年龄.证实拉布错一带有一条蛇绿岩带存在,并在蛇绿岩中获141Ma(Ar-Ar法)年龄,表明其构造侵位时期为侏罗系.     

1∶25万物玛幅地质调查成果与进展

对测区岩石地层系统进行了重新划分厘定,正式填图单元33个、非正式填图单元20个;在南羌塘板片内首次发现晚三叠世磨拉石建造,并新建亭共拉组;将班公湖-怒江结合带南侧的接奴群解体为多仁组和日松组;证实竟柱山组与江巴组应为不同的岩石地层单位,江巴组应恢复其岩石地层单位,并在竟柱山组之上;发现木嘎岗日岩群复理石-硅质岩建造被沙木罗组陆源碎屑岩角度不整合覆盖,从而揭示班公湖-怒江结合带的关闭上限为晚侏罗世-早白垩世;证实郎山组与下伏地层之间存在一大型海侵超覆界面;在古昌蛇绿混杂岩带内首次发现斜长花岗岩,获128Ma(Ar-Ar法)年龄.证实拉布错一带有一条蛇绿岩带存在,并在蛇绿岩中获141Ma(Ar-Ar法)年龄,表明其构造侵位时期为侏罗系.     

1∶25万物玛幅地质调查成果与进展

对测区岩石地层系统进行了重新划分厘定,正式填图单元33个、非正式填图单元2 0个;在南羌塘板片内首次发现晚三叠世磨拉石建造,并新建亭共拉组;将班公湖怒江结合带南侧的接奴群解体为多仁组和日松组;证实竟柱山组与江巴组应为不同的岩石地层单位,江巴组应恢复其岩石地层单位,并在竟柱山组之上;发现木嘎岗日岩群复理石硅质岩建造被沙木罗组陆源碎屑岩角度不整合覆盖,从而揭示班公湖怒江结合带的关闭上限为晚侏罗世—早白垩世;证实郎山组与下伏地层之间存在一大型海侵超覆界面;在古昌蛇绿混杂岩带内首次发现斜长花岗岩,获1 2 8Ma(Ar Ar法)年龄。证实拉布错一带有一条蛇绿岩带存在,并在蛇绿岩中获1 4 1Ma(Ar Ar法)年龄,表明其构造侵位时期为侏罗系。     

1：25万喀纳幅、日土县幅地质调查成果与进展

地层方面，重新厘定了地层区划界线并建立接奴群多仁组、日松组，发现了中晚志留世地层；厘定与划分了日干配错群，修订了欧利组并确定其时代，建立五峰尖组。岩石方面，建立侵入岩岩石谱系单位并划分构造-岩浆组合带；在南羌塘地区发现了海西期石英闪长岩石炭-侏罗纪地层中发现火山岩夹层及透镜体。构造方面，首次在班公湖-怒江带北侧划分出五峰尖-拉热拉新晚侏罗世-早白垩世陆缘火山岩浆弧带Ⅲ级构造单元，将班公湖蛇绿混杂岩带划分为北亚带和南亚带两个构造单元，基本查明了班公湖蛇绿混杂岩带的内部结构、物质组成及其边界断裂特征，探讨了班公湖-怒江结合带西段的弧-盆系时空结构，对班公湖地区中生代特提斯洋的演化规律作了系统总结。新发现一些矿产资源。     

1：25万那曲县幅地质调查成果与进展

地层方面，将测区地层划分为冈底斯-腾冲地层区和班公错．怒江结合带，班公湖一怒江结合带中又划分出聂荣微地块和觉翁-余拉山-下秋卡混杂带两个小区；按变质岩调查方法解体了聂荣地块；对原大面积分布的拉贡塘组进行了有效的解体；新建立嘎加组；恢复了郭曲群；将木嘎岗日岩群解体出3个岩组。岩石方面，在测区南部新发现了一套晚二叠世一早三叠世蛇绿岩。构造方面，构造单元表现为各组一下秋卡结合带和桑雄-那曲-麦地卡板片的构造格局；新发现达仁乡夺列蛇绿岩体。     

班戈县幅地质调查新成果及主要进展

通过野外剖面调查，发现本区上侏罗统-下白垩统沙木罗组角度不整合于木嘎岗日岩群之上，从而为确定班公湖-怒江结合带中段的封闭时代提供了确切的地层学依据。将东巧和切里湖一带发育的“面状蛇绿岩”区划分为4个蛇绿岩亚带，其中北拉-觉翁亚带是发育相对完整、原始状态保存较好的蛇绿岩。对测区火山岩和侵入岩调查后认为，班公湖-怒江结合带中段开始裂解的时代为晚三叠世，并且是向南俯冲消减的。     

1∶25万那曲县幅地质调查成果与进展

地层方面,将测区地层划分为冈底斯-腾冲地层区和班公错-怒江结合带,班公湖-怒江结合带中又划分出聂荣微地块和觉翁-余拉山-下秋卡混杂带两个小区;按变质岩调查方法解体了聂荣地块;对原大面积分布的拉贡塘组进行了有效的解体;新建立嘎加组;恢复了郭曲群;将木嘎岗日岩群解体出3个岩组.岩石方面,在测区南部新发现了一套晚二叠世-早三叠世蛇绿岩.构造方面,构造单元表现为各组-下秋卡结合带和桑雄-那曲-麦地卡板片的构造格局;新发现达仁乡夺列蛇绿岩体.     

1∶25万那曲县幅地质调查成果与进展

地层方面,将测区地层划分为冈底斯-腾冲地层区和班公错-怒江结合带,班公湖-怒江结合带中又划分出聂荣微地块和觉翁-余拉山-下秋卡混杂带两个小区;按变质岩调查方法解体了聂荣地块;对原大面积分布的拉贡塘组进行了有效的解体;新建立嘎加组;恢复了郭曲群;将木嘎岗日岩群解体出3个岩组.岩石方面,在测区南部新发现了一套晚二叠世-早三叠世蛇绿岩.构造方面,构造单元表现为各组-下秋卡结合带和桑雄-那曲-麦地卡板片的构造格局;新发现达仁乡夺列蛇绿岩体.     

Tectonics and oil and gas potentials of the Kolyma and Primor'ye lowlands and adjacent shelves

The impact of gigantic meteorites momentarily creates extremely high pressures and temperatures, leading to the formation of distinctive objects — impact breccias and impactites — at the points where they fall. The Zhamanshin crater is one such place. This annular structure has a diameter of about 10 km, contoured by a low rim made up of a body of shattered Paleozoic rocks thrown out from the ring's center, from depths exceeding 100 - 200 m. Among these breccias have been found pieces and lenticular bodies of remelted rocks — impactites, called zhamanshinites. These thermally altered rocks from a series ranging from baked clays to cinder-like, partly recrystallized substances, glass, and black drops and spattered droplets (up to 1 - 5 cm) of isotropic glass that undoubtedly hardened as they fell through the air. The refused neogenic substances formed by selective evaporation are characterized by a considerable deficit of K and Na, excess Al₂O₃ and SiO₂, a lack of H₂O, and a sharp predominance of Fe⁺² over Fe⁺³. Their characteristic shape and distinctive structure and composition suggests that these remelted droplets are tektites, which were called irgizites when first found in the USSR. Their occurrence in the meteorite crater confirms the idea of a genetic unity between tektites and impactites. Selective evaporation of the more volatile elements is characteristic of the surfaces of small planets lacking an atmosphere, but is not characteristic of the earth's surface. The processes and substances occurring at the impact points of gigantic meteorites are therefore unique on the earth, but highly typical of the surfaces of the Moon, Mars, Mercury, and other relatively small celestial bodies.     

RS和GIS技术集成及其应用

本文简要地介绍了ＲＳ（遥感图像处理系统）和ＧＩＳ（地理信息系统）技术及其集成的基本概念和方法。讨论了ＲＳ和ＧＩＳ技术及其集成的内在涵义、相互关系,认为ＲＳ是ＧＩＳ重要的外部信息源,是其数据更新的重要手段,尤其对于全球性的 地理动力学分析,更必须有ＲＳ所提供的覆盖全球的动态数据与ＧＩＳ的结合。反之,ＧＩＳ则可以提供ＲＳ所需要的一些辅助数据,以提高ＲＳ图像的信息量和分辨率,同时,ＧＩＳ可以将实地调查所     

Partition of magnesium and iron between Olivine and spinel,and between pyroxene and spinel

Partition of Fe²⁺ and Mg between coexisting (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄ spinel and (Mg, Fe)SiO₃ pyroxene was investigated at pressures 80 and 90 kbar and at temperatures 840 and 1050° C, using tetrahedral-anvil type of high pressure apparatus. Olivine-spinel solid solution equilibria in the system Mg₂SiO₄-Fe₂SiO₄ were discussed in the light of the partition reaction. Partition of Fe²⁺ and Mg in both olivine-spinel and pyroxene-spinel systems can not be regarded as that between ideal solid solutions. By applying the simple solution model for the partition of Fe²⁺ and Mg, sign of the heat of mixing was estimated to be positive for all olivine, spinel and pyroxene. Relative concentration of Fe²⁺ in spinel in the pyroxene-spinel system is likely to cause some change in the chemical composition of modified spinel () or spinel () in the transition zone of the mantle. A considerable change is also expected in the transition pressure of to ( + ) and ( + ) to .Presented at the symposium Recent Advances in the Studies of Rocks and Minerals at High Pressures and Temperatures held in Montreal, 1972. Jointly sponsored by the International Mineralogical Association and the Commission on Experimental Petrology.     

自动化智能化地质岩芯钻探技术装备研发与应用

为解决5000 m地质岩芯钻探基础准则与依据缺失问题，提高钻探装备的自动化、智能化水平，启动了5000 m智能地质钻探技术装备研发工作，通过钻机装备、钻探器具研制，钻探工艺技术研究并经试验示范验证，取得多项创新成果，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术体系。通过特深孔钻孔口径与管柱规格优化研究、钻杆规格设计、装备性能参数选配，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术规范体系；基于5000 m特深孔地质岩芯钻机、孔口自动化作业装置等关键设备研制，实现了绳索取芯钻进的孔口作业全流程自动化，形成了轻量化钻机孔口管柱柔顺控制技术；基于复杂地层孔内工况判别、钻进参数优化与轨迹优化控制等技术问题研究，形成了多源信息融合的地面与孔底一体化钻进过程智能控制技术；基于高性能薄壁绳索取芯钻杆和系列小口径高效钻具研制，形成了大深度绳索取芯系列钻杆钻具技术；研发了耐高温环保型冲洗液、生物破胶废浆处理技术、“广谱型”双浆堵漏技术，形成了绿色环保型冲洗液体系与护壁堵漏技术。     

自动化智能化地质岩芯钻探技术装备研发与应用

为解决5000 m地质岩芯钻探基础准则与依据缺失问题，提高钻探装备的自动化、智能化水平，启动了5000 m智能地质钻探技术装备研发工作，通过钻机装备、钻探器具研制，钻探工艺技术研究并经试验示范验证，取得多项创新成果，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术体系。通过特深孔钻孔口径与管柱规格优化研究、钻杆规格设计、装备性能参数选配，形成了5000 m地质岩芯钻探技术规范体系；基于5000 m特深孔地质岩芯钻机、孔口自动化作业装置等关键设备研制，实现了绳索取芯钻进的孔口作业全流程自动化，形成了轻量化钻机孔口管柱柔顺控制技术；基于复杂地层孔内工况判别、钻进参数优化与轨迹优化控制等技术问题研究，形成了多源信息融合的地面与孔底一体化钻进过程智能控制技术；基于高性能薄壁绳索取芯钻杆和系列小口径高效钻具研制，形成了大深度绳索取芯系列钻杆钻具技术；研发了耐高温环保型冲洗液、生物破胶废浆处理技术、“广谱型”双浆堵漏技术，形成了绿色环保型冲洗液体系与护壁堵漏技术。     

Nano-Geology and Unconventional Oil and Gas

<正>Numerous Striking achievements have been made in micro and macro geology after the development for hundreds of years.Two trends branches of geology are divided into microcosmic nano-geology and macroeconomic astrono-geology with the enormous technology progress.The unique characteristics related to the nano-particles and nano-pores may be significant for     

Resource-based industrialization and country size: Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago

There are scale advantages in resource-based industrialization (RBI). Trinidad and Tobago's small size meant that its RBI projects resulted in: relatively low revenue retention, heavy dependence on export markets, skilled personnel shortages and severe ‘Dutch disease’ effects. However Venezuela squandered its size advantage because its RBI strategy was over-ambitious. Instead of taking advantage of its ample scope for risk-reducing diversification, Venezuela concentrated largely on metals processing in a single location. Although it captured more backward linkage than Trinidad and Tobago it did so at high cost as a result of inefficient project execution. Worse, Venezuela's metals projects greatly exceeded its sizeable domestic demand, overtaxed its human resources and exacerbated existing distortions in the economy. Since poorly implemented RBI projects can overwhelm even a large developing economy, RBI is risky and should therefore only be pursued as part of a flexible, broadly-based diversification drive.     

矿物——成矿与找矿

单颗粒矿物微量元素激光原位定量分析测试数据的大量积累和研究,使矿物成为矿床地球化学研究和矿床勘查的重要示踪剂。本文重点选择磁铁矿、磷灰石、石榴子石、榍石、锆石、绿泥石和绿帘石等的原位分析研究所获得的认识,介绍单颗粒矿物成分组合及变化在矿床类型划分、成矿年龄测定、氧逸度、成矿过程与物质来源、找矿与勘探等方面的应用。不同矿床类型中普遍存在的矿物,如磁铁矿、磷灰石等的微量元素含量及组合差异,提供了矿床类型识别的标志。单颗粒矿物,特别是矿石矿物和密切共生矿物如锡石、铌钽铁矿、赤铁矿、石榴子石、方解石等的原位定年,使成矿年龄的直接准确测定成为现实。矿物中变价元素,如Fe、V、Mn、Ce、Eu含量和/或比值的变化,指示了成矿过程氧逸度及其变化特点。从矿物核部向震荡环带与边部的微量元素含量或同位素组成的变化,示踪了成矿过程中流体来源或性质的变化。斑岩和矽卡岩矿床中与成矿作用关系密切的蚀变矿物,如绿泥石、绿帘石的形成温度、特征微量元素比值,如Ti/Sr、Ti/Co、V/Ni、Mg/Sr等,与距矿床中心距离呈线性函数关系,可定量预测距矿床中心的距离,使以绿泥石、绿帘石为代表的找矿指示矿物研究迅速发展。     

红藻石和蓝藻石概念及分类归属的综述和修订

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