几种纤维矿物粉尘的真空有机吸附及表面基团变化

利用真空有机吸附和红外光谱分析法,研究了几种纤维矿物粉尘对不同偶极矩的正己烷（偶极矩为０）、乙醚（偶极矩为１．１６）和吡啶（偶极矩为２．１９）的吸附特征及这种有机试剂对表面基团的影响。研究发现：纤维矿物粉尘对有机试剂的吸附能力并不完全与有机试剂的偶极矩大小成正比;部分纤维矿物粉尘对正己烷的吸附为化学吸附,吸附解吸后出现了１２６２￣１２６７ｃｍ＾－１、１３１１ｃｍ＾－１的新的ＩＲ谱带,它们应是部分纤     

天然矿物在CVD法合成碳纳米管中的应用

化学气相沉积(CVD)合成碳纳米管时,催化剂具有重要的作用。实验证实,一些天然矿物也是潜在的催化剂材料,能在高温下裂解乙炔合成碳纳米管。吸附性能良好的坡缕石和海泡石是优异的催化剂载体,负载钴制备碳纳米管的直径均匀细小;钛酸脂改性后的坡缕石能释放金属铁,并催化碳纳米管的生长;由于矿物晶格中含有催化剂金属离子,大洋锰结核是天然的催化剂。采用矿物催化剂,成本低廉,能够获得碳纳米管与矿物的复合材料,拓宽矿物的应用领域。     

海泡石对有机染料的吸附行为研究

以热酸活化过的海泡石为吸附剂，研究其对亚甲基蓝、结晶紫和甲基绿3种染料的吸附动力学过程，并分析了浓度、温度等因素对海泡石吸附效果的影响。结果表明，温度的变化对吸附的影响较小，而染料溶液浓度的改变则会对吸附产生很大的影响，由此确定出较适合的反应条件。采用傅立叶红外光谱技术对吸附前后海泡石的结构进行了分析，发现亚甲基蓝由于分子体积较小可以进入海泡石内部通道，而大体积的结晶紫和甲基绿的吸附主要发生在海泡石外表面，且一价有机阳离子会在中性位置发生吸附，形成带电或中性复合物。     

多孔结构无机材料比表面积和孔径分布对调湿性的影响

测试海泡石、沸石、硅藻土和坡缕石粘土的孔径和比表面积,研究其孔径和比表面积与吸放湿能力的对应关系.利用氮气等温吸附对孔隙结构进行测试、分析,通过BET法计算得出其比表面积分别为81.56、2.46、1.68和187.70 m2/g,平均孔径分别为8.53、18.20、31.57和11.79 nm.在温度25℃相对湿度分别为75%和35%的条件下进行吸放湿试验,4种样品的最大吸湿量分别为5.6%、2.2%、1.8%和6.0%,放湿量分别为4.4%、1.8%、1.6%、5.0%.数据对比发现,比表面积大且孔径分布符合在相应温湿度下以Kelvin公式计算出的孔径分布特点的矿物材料,如海泡石,吸放湿能力强.     

海泡石的性质与用途

一、引言海泡石属于粘土矿物海泡石一坡缕石族。1913年,费尔斯曼(Fersman)使用坡缕石这一术语来表达纤维状含水的镁硅酸盐矿物族,其在两个端点矿物之间形成类质同象系列,铝端称坡缕石(类蒙脱石),因与蒙脱石几乎完全相似,唯纤维状结构与之不同,而镁端则称海泡石。迄今所知,Clocker是使用海泡石术语的第一个人。这个新名称来源于希腊文,意思是墨鱼,因其内壳或“骨”质轻而多孔,与海泡石相似。     

矿物—氨基酸水溶液的表面离子化及溶解作用研究

在矿物－氨基酸－水组成的多相体系中，矿物在氨基酸中的溶解作用是一个复杂的过程，其矿物的成分、结构和表面离子化是影响矿物溶解和络合的重要因素。水镁石、纤蛇纹石、硅灰石由于表面羟基化，在氨基酸水溶液中有较高的溶解度，溶解以配合作用为主；坡缕石、海泡石层状硅酸盐矿物表面羟基化作用较弱，与氨基酸的作用为配合作用和吸附作用并存，以后者为主；沸石矿物则以吸附作用为主。在中性氨基酸水溶液中，矿物的溶解度大小为：水镁石＞纤蛇纹石＞硅灰石＞海泡石＞坡缕石＞斜发沸石。     

硅酸盐中非沸石类孔道结构矿物及其环境属性

对硅酸盐中非沸石类矿物进行的晶体结构特征分析发现,某些链层状硅酸盐矿物(如坡缕石和海泡石)、钛硅酸盐中的硅钛铌钠石、硅钛铌钠矿、钙霞石、方钠石等,以及锰、锆、钒、钇硅酸盐矿物中的水硅钡锰石、堇青石、水钠锆石、水硅钒钙石等矿物中都存在有孔道结构,其孔道直径为0.25~1.0 nm。本文综述了这些孔道结构矿物吸附和交换有害重金属离子、催化降解有机污染物的环境功能和属性。     

鄂尔多斯盆地陆相页岩吸附规律研究

为了研究鄂尔多斯盆地延长组陆相页岩的吸附能力,选取粒度为0.28~0.18mm(60~80目)的页岩样品,运用吸附等温测试实验研究了温度、压力、有机碳含量、含水饱和度对页岩吸附规律的影响,对比研究了不同气体在页岩上的吸附能力;运用Langmuir吸附模型拟合实验结果,探索了不同影响因素与拟合参数之间的相互关系。研究表明:吸附量随压力、有机碳含量的增加逐渐升高;随温度的升高而降低;在含水的情况下,气体的吸附量减小;不同气体的吸附能力大小依次为:CO2CH4N2。Langmuir吸附模型可以很好地描述测试压力范围内气体的吸附规律,根据拟合参数与温度、有机碳含量之间的线性关系,对Langmuir吸附模型进行了修正,预测出了不同深度、不同有机碳含量下的页岩气吸附量,验证了页岩气在高压下的"负吸附"现象。     

甘肃临泽地区含碘坡缕石碘的提取及其赋存状态研究

XRD分析和全谱拟合定量计算结果表明,甘肃临泽含碘坡缕石矿的物相由坡缕石(70.1%)、白云石(15.7%)、石英(6.6%)以及少量白云母、钠长石和绿泥石组成。尝试采用了不同方法提取矿石中的碘。加热升华法未能使碘从坡缕石矿石中析出,表明碘在矿石中的赋存形式是吸附的离子态,而非分子态。热水浸取法从矿石中提取出的碘十分有限,仅为0.76～2.05μg/g,显示碘与坡缕石结合十分牢固,难以被热水活化。盐酸浸取法从矿石中提取出的碘为190.4～320.5μg/g,提取量与盐酸浸泡的时间成正比,与温度关系不大。在40h的酸浸泡时间内,碘提取量与盐酸浸泡时间的关系曲线呈S型,即初期和末期平缓,而中段较陡。碘释放的时间曲线说明,碘主要来自坡缕石,而非另一主要矿物白云石,因为后者很快被盐酸溶解;此外,盐酸提取碘的时间曲线还表明,甘肃坡缕石中的碘最有可能赋存在载体矿物的晶内隧道孔中,而非矿物表面。盐酸浸取法提取效果好与坡缕石的酸稳定性较差有关,碘的活化与载体矿物被盐酸溶蚀基本同步。     

多孔纤维矿物在氨基酸水溶液中的溶解性及其生物持久性研究

在模拟人体温度３７℃条件下,进行多孔纤维矿物粉尘与氨基酸作用的实验研究。在７２ｈ内溶解过程中ｐＨ值和电导率的变化结果表明,多孔纤维矿物在氨基酸中发生的溶解作用与到的性质有关,酸性氨基酸对矿物的溶解能力最强,中性次之,碱性最弱。其溶解过程在前８ｈ以内较强,以后趋于平缓,纤维矿物在氨基酸中的溶解程度从小到大为：斜发沸石－坡缕石、海泡石－蛇纹石,说明斜发沸石有较强的耐蚀能力,其生物持久性较高,而蛇纹石石     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

Inter-regional correlation of transgressions and regressions in the Cretaceous period

Well investigated platforms have been selected in each continent, and the history of Cretaceous transgressions and regressions there is concisely reviewed from the available evidence. The factual records have been summarized into a diagram and the timing of the events correlated between distant as well as adjoining areas.On a global scale, major transgressions were stepwise enlarged in space and time from the Neocomian, via Aptian-Albian, to the Late Cretaceous, and the post-Cretaceous regression was very remarkable. Minor cycles of transgression-regression were not always synchronous between different areas. Some of them were, however, nearly synchronous between the areas facing the same ocean.Tectono-eustasy may have been the main cause of the phenomena of transgression-regression, but certain kinds of other tectonic movements which affected even the so-called stable platforms were also responsible for the phenomena. The combined effects of various causes may have been unusual in the Cretaceous, since it was a period of global tectonic activity. The slowing down of this activity followed by readjustments may have been the cause of the global regression at the end of the Cretaceous.     

The lamprophyres of Afyon stratovolcano,western Anatolia,Turkey: description and genesis

The Afyon stratovolcano exhibits lamprophyric rocks, emplaced as hydrovolcanic products, aphanitic lava flows and dyke intrusions, during the final stages of volcanic activity. Most of the Afyon volcanics belong to the silica-saturated alkaline suite, as potassic trachyandesites and trachytes, while the products of the latest activity are lamproitic lamprophyres (jumillite, orendite, verite, fitztroyite) and alkaline lamprophyres (campto-sannaite, sannaite, hyalo-monchiquite, analcime–monchiquite). Afyon lamprophyres exhibit LILE and Zr enrichments, related to mantle metasomatism.     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20140751 Guo Xincheng(Geological Party,BGMRED of Xinjiang,Changji 831100,China);Zheng Yuzhuang Determination and Geological Significance of the Mesoarchean Craton in Western Kunlun Mountains,Xinjiang,China(Geological Review,ISSN0371-5736,CN11-1952/P,59(3),2013,p.401-412,8     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141058 Chen Ling(Key Laboratory of Mathematical Geology of Sichuan Province,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu610059,China);Guo Ke Study of Geochemical Ore-Forming Anomaly Identification Based on the Theory of Blind Source Separation(Geosci-     

SEISMIC GEOLOGY

正20141334 Chen Kun(Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing100081,China);Yu Yanxiang Shakemap of Peak Ground Acceleration with Bias Correction for the Lushan,Sichuan Earthquake on April20,2013(Seismology and Geology,ISSN0253-4967,CN11-2192/P,35(3),2013,p.627-633,2 illus.,1 table,9 refs.)Key words:great earthquakes,Sichuan Province     

HISTORICAL GEOLOGY & STRATIGRAPHY

正20141624 Cai Xiongfei(Key Laboratory of Geobiology and Environmental Geology,Ministry of Education,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Yang Jie A Restudy of the Upper Sinian Zhengmuguan and Tuerkeng Formations in the Helan Mountains(Journal of Stratigraphy,ISSN0253-4959CN32-1187/P,37(3),2013,p.377-386,5 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20142263Lü Shaojun(Geological Survey of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330030,China)Early-Middle Permian Biostratigraphical Characteristics in Qiangduo Area,Tibet(Resources SurveyEnvironment,ISSN1671-4814,CN32-1640/N,34(4),2013,p.221-227,2illus.,2tables,22refs.)Key words:biostratigraphy,Lower Permian,Middle Permian,Tibet     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20142560Hu Hongxia(Regional Geological and Mineral Resources Survey of Jilin Province,Changchun 130022,China);Dai Lixia Application of GIS Map Projection Transformation in Geological Work(Jilin Geology,ISSN1001-2427,CN22-1099/P,32(4),2013,p.160-163,4illus.,2refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20140692 Duo Tianhui(No.402 Geological Team,Exploration of Geology and Mineral Resources of Sichuan Authority,Chengdu611730,China);Wang Yongli Computer Simulation of Neptunium Existing Forms in the Groundwater(Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,ISSN1001-1749,CN51-1242/P,35(3),