内蒙古阿拉善地区朱拉扎嘎金矿的成矿时代

内蒙古阿拉善地区朱拉扎嘎金矿是新近发现的特大型层控改造型金矿床,该矿床以产于中元古界地层中和具有巨大的找矿潜力而引人注目.容矿岩石主要为钙质粉砂岩、粉砂质板岩.采用颗粒锆石U-Pb法和40Ar/39Ar法对成矿期花岗斑岩、成矿后期闪长玢岩和含金石英-硫化物矿体进行了年龄测定,获得成矿期花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(304±5)Ma,成矿后闪长玢岩为(259±6)Ma,朱拉扎嘎金矿体中石英的40Ar/39Ar年龄为(282.3±0.9)Ma.这一结果揭示,朱拉扎嘎金矿是华力西晚期形成的,这与前人采用Rb-Sr法测得矿石的等时线年龄(275±6)Ma是一致的.结合阿拉善地区的呼伦西白金矿和欧布拉格铜金矿都是华力西晚期形成的,表明华力西晚期是中国西部最重要的金(铜)矿化期.     

云南马厂箐岩体(似)斑状花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及地质意义

应用LA-ICP-MS对马厂箐岩体中(似)斑状花岗岩的锆石进行了U-Pb定年和微量元素分析。在CL图像上,(似)斑状花岗岩中锆石均发育有典型的振荡环带,锆石的稀土元素配分模式表现为亏损轻稀土,富集重稀土,具有强烈正Ce异常和中度负Eu异常,且呈现出较高的Th/U比值等特征,表明所测锆石均为典型的岩浆锆石。马厂箐岩体(似)斑状花岗岩锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为(33.78±0.21)Ma(MSWD=0.71),累计概率统计得到正长斑岩锆石U-Th-Pb年龄为(35.6±0.3)Ma、花岗斑岩锆石U-Th-Pb年龄为(35.0±0.2)Ma,宝兴厂矿段铜钼矿辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄分别为(35.8±1.6)Ma和(33.9±1.1)Ma,乱硐山矿段接触交代型金矿白云母40Ar/39Ar年龄为(35.25±0.36)Ma,人头箐—金厂箐矿段热液脉型金成矿白云母40Ar/39Ar年龄为(35.35±0.32)Ma,反映斑岩型铜钼矿化、接触交代型金矿化和热液脉型金矿化为同一个构造-岩浆-热液成矿系统的产物,Ⅱ期(33～37Ma)正长斑岩+二长斑岩+花岗斑岩+(似)斑状花岗岩岩性组合是成矿的地质体,为成矿提供了物质、流体和热动力条件,这期斑岩-热液-成矿系统的持续时间约为4Ma,铜、钼、金的成矿主要发生在Ⅱ期岩浆活动的早-中期。     

再论内蒙古阿拉善朱拉扎嘎金矿的成矿时代:来自锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄的新证据

内蒙古阿拉善地区朱拉扎嘎金矿是新近发现的特大型层控改造型金矿床,该矿床以产于中元古界地层中和巨大的找矿潜力而引人注目。容矿岩石主要为钙质粉砂岩、粉砂质板岩。曾采用颗粒锆石U-Pb法和~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar法对成矿期花岗斑岩、成矿后期闪长玢岩和含金石英-硫化物矿体进行了年龄测定,获得成矿期花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄为(304±5)Ma,成矿后期闪长玢岩为(258.6±5.7)Ma,金矿体中石英的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄为(282.3±0.9)Ma。现采用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb法对成矿期花岗斑岩和成矿后期闪长玢岩进行了重新测年,结果表明花岗斑岩的形成时代为(280±6)Ma,闪长玢岩的形成时代为(279.7±5.2)Ma,两者的年龄差仅0.3 Ma,从而限定了朱拉扎嘎金矿的形成年龄,非常接近于280 Ma(279.7～280 Ma)。     

云南大坪金矿新元古代成矿事件——来自热液锆石和闪长岩U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素的约束

大坪金矿是哀牢山-红河韧性剪切带南段最重要的大型金矿床之一,由于其成矿时代和构造背景一直存在争议,不利于带内金矿床成矿模型的建立和进一步找矿勘探。本文利用LA-ICP-MS对矿区内含金石英脉中热液锆石、闪长岩和花岗闪长岩脉中岩浆锆石开展了U-Pb年代学研究,获得热液锆石U-Pb年龄为760±10 Ma,表明大坪金矿区可能存在新元古代金矿化事件;获得闪长岩和花岗闪长岩脉的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为773±9 Ma和766±9 Ma,与区域上Rodinia超大陆裂解和哀牢山地区的晋宁-澄江期大规模火山-岩浆活动事件时代一致。热液锆石与闪长岩、花岗闪长岩脉具有相似的Hf同位素组成特征和在误差范围内一致的年龄,表明新元古代金矿化事件可能与闪长岩和花岗闪长岩脉的侵入有密切的成因联系。本文新元古代成矿事件的厘定,结合前人的新生代始新世—渐新世为大坪金矿主要成矿时期的研究结果,表明大坪金矿可能是新元古代和新生代不同岩浆-构造-热液事件叠加成矿作用的产物。     

汉南地区晋宁晚期铜-金成矿事件的确认及意义

汉南地区位于扬子克拉通北缘西段。目前,在川、陕两省已在该区发现了数十个矿床(点)。其中,广泛分布的铜-金矿床(点)具有热液型矿化特征,成矿条件有利,具有寻找大-中型矿床的远景。为了查明这些铜-金矿产资源的形成时代,文章运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法和单矿物~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar法对汉南地区有代表性的矿床(点)进行了成矿年代学研究。其结果显示,潘坝成矿期热液脉的锆石U-Pb年龄为(744±10)Ma,黑云母和钾长石~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar视年龄介于740 Ma~700 Ma之间。元山寺的成矿期白云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄为(744±4)Ma,等时线年龄为(748±7)Ma。由于本次测试选择了成矿期矿物,其结果可以代表成矿时代。因此,汉南很可能存在晋宁晚期的铜-金成矿事件。根据区域地质演化历史,笔者认为汉南铜-金矿化(744 Ma)是造山晚期加厚岩石圈下部(山根)拆沉的结果。     

西藏多龙矿集区拿顿铜金矿床成矿时代的厘定及其找矿指示意义

西藏多龙矿集区是中国新发现的具有世界级规模的铜金矿集区。目前,该矿集区的中部和北部已发现多个斑岩型和斑岩-浅成低温热液型矿床,而区内西南部也发现了多个铜金矿床,指示了良好的找矿潜力。拿顿是矿集区内西南部具有代表性的铜金矿床,矿化类型为浅成低温热液型。野外地质调查表明,该矿床成矿作用可分为2个阶段,早阶段矿化主要赋存于角砾岩筒中,并与角砾岩筒同时形成,而晚阶段矿化主要以脉体形式产出,切穿角砾岩筒及早阶段矿化。年代学研究结果显示,角砾岩筒中以角砾形式产出的花岗闪长斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄为（117.5±0.7）Ma,被后期花岗闪长斑岩（116.1±1.3Ma）侵入,由此指示角砾岩筒及早阶段矿化形成于116~117 Ma。此外,明矾石⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年代学研究进一步表明,晚阶段石英-明矾石-硫化物脉形成于（111.3±2.5）Ma,这也证实该矿区成矿作用具有多阶段性特征。文章结果指示,拿顿铜金矿可能存在多期与浅成低温热液型矿化有关的成矿岩体,并且多龙矿集区内也可能存在更多形成于111 Ma而未被发现的矿床。     

黑龙江省东宁县金厂金矿石英和闪锌矿激光40Ar-39Ar法年龄及其找矿意义

黑龙江省东宁县金厂金矿是滨太平洋成矿域浅成低温-斑岩成矿系统中极具代表性的特大型金矿床。矿区已发现爆破角砾岩筒型、环状一放射状裂隙充填型、似层状微细脉浸染型和断控构造破碎带蚀变岩型等矿化类型。为确定成矿时间,作者应用高精度单颗粒激光熔蚀氩氩法,选择Ⅻ号破碎带蚀变岩型矿体中多金属硫化物一石英脉中石英和J-9号爆破角砾岩筒型矿体中闪锌矿进行年龄测定。获得Ⅻ号矿体石英40Ar/39Ar等时线年龄为119±5Ma（MSWD：6．3）,J-9号矿体闪锌矿40Ar/39Ar等时线年龄为129±0．8Ma（MSWD=3．7）,限定了成矿作用的上限。结合最新获得的相关成矿地质体精细年代学成果,进一步认定金厂金矿成矿时代为燕山晚期,成矿与同时代闪长玢岩一花岗闪长斑岩关系密切。金厂金矿成岩、成矿环境具备寻找富金斑岩型铜矿的有利条件,与成矿关系密切侵入岩呈岩脉、岩枝状,指示矿区剥蚀程度浅,深部还有发现斑岩型Au（cu）矿化的可能。     

西藏冈底斯南缘雄村铜金矿床成矿斑岩厘定及其锆石U-Pb和黑云母Ar-Ar年龄分析

雄村特大型斑岩铜金矿床主要以细脉浸染状产于强烈蚀变岩石中,赋矿岩石原岩成因类型存在争议。本文对多个赋矿蚀变岩石作了系统光薄片显微鉴定,在多个蚀变较弱的矿化样品中发现赋矿岩石具斑状结构,其基质主要为钾长石,斑晶主要为斜长石、钾长石及少量石英,显示石英正长斑岩及二长斑岩(少量)矿物组成特征。结合前人工作,可以认为雄村铜金矿床赋矿岩石为正长斑岩、火山岩及少量二长斑岩。正长斑岩发育斑岩铜金矿床成矿早期常见的钾硅化蚀变及磁铁矿化蚀变,锆石具高的Ce4+/Ce3+比值(334~3084,平均值为1169),显示高氧逸度岩浆特征,和世界斑岩铜金矿床成矿岩体一致;这表明石英正长斑岩为雄村铜金矿床成矿岩体。石英正长斑岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为173.7±2.1Ma(MSWD=0.23),石英正长斑岩钾化阶段形成的黑云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为48.3±0.9Ma(MSWD=1.58),远小于锆石U-Pb年龄却与矿区东北部始新世花岗岩基的年龄一致,显示Ar-Ar年龄受后期地质事件影响而发生重置。通过上述研究,可以认为雄村铜金矿床为与石英正长斑岩有关的斑岩型矿床,形成时代约173Ma,和新特提斯洋洋壳向北俯冲诱发的岩浆事件有关,矿区内云母受后期地质事件影响重置,不能记录其形成时代。     

胶东苏鲁地体范家埠金矿成矿作用与矿床成因浅析:兼与胶北地体金矿对比

范家埠金矿是胶东半岛苏鲁地体内规模最大的石英脉型金矿。含金石英脉中锆石阴极发光和LA-ICP-MS微量元素及U-Pb同位素分析结果表明,含金石英脉中的锆石均为捕获围岩(新元古代威海片麻状花岗岩)的岩浆锆石,其中15个颗粒在U-Pb图解上位于谐和线上,其206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(726±14)Ma(MSWD=4.6);另外7颗锆石位于不一致线上,其上交点年龄为(758±25)Ma,下交点年龄为(123±11)Ma(MSWD=0.45)。这些锆石的下交点年龄与金矿脉旁侧斜闪煌斑岩脉的角闪石40Ar/39Ar年龄分别为(118.8±1.6)Ma和(117.5±1.5)Ma,在误差范围内一致,表明范家埠金矿的成矿时代为120Ma左右。由此认为,苏鲁地体和胶北地体的金矿成矿作用均发生于早白垩世晚期120Ma前后,与目前多数人认为的华北克拉通岩石圈减薄的峰期时间一致,表明苏鲁地体的金矿成矿受岩石圈减薄的构造背景控制。范家埠金矿床成矿流体具中高温、中高盐度15.5%～23.2%(NaCleq)、低δ18OH2O(-3.84‰～-4.05‰)和低δDH2O(-82.5‰～-80.8‰)值等特点,载金矿物黄铁矿富32S(δ34S=-5.5‰～-9.1‰),与含油气盆地热卤水的组成相近,暗示范家埠金矿的成矿流体可能来源于中生代胶莱盆地。这种盆地流体沿断裂——五莲—米山深大断裂及其次级构造迁移,同时萃取基底岩石中的金形成含矿热液并在还原的环境中成矿。相反,胶北地体大量金矿床成矿流体具有低盐度、高δ18OH2O和δDH2O,δ34S(‰)为正值等特点。胶北和苏鲁地体早白垩世金成矿强度和成矿作用的差异可能反映了两者在地壳基底、流体来源和成矿环境等方面的不同。     

新疆阿克塔斯金矿床黑云母花岗岩锆石U-Pb和绢云母39Ar/40Ar测年及地质意义

阿克塔斯金矿床位于新疆阿尔泰造山带南缘,矿体赋存于黑云母花岗岩与中泥盆统北塔山组中性火山岩接触带,矿石类型主要为石英脉型和蚀变岩型。矿区中酸性侵入岩体的岩石类型为二长花岗岩、黑云母花岗岩。近矿的黑云母花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(329.5±1.8)Ma,成岩时代为早石炭世;主成矿期的金-黄铁矿-石英细脉中的绢云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄为(247.7±1.3) Ma、等时线年龄为(245.1±1.4)Ma,成矿时代为早三叠世。研究表明,阿克塔斯金矿成岩与成矿时代相距80 Ma,为碰撞造山和后碰撞造山不同地质作用的产物。该矿床具有造山型金矿的特点,额尔齐斯断裂带的右形剪切走滑作用控制金矿成矿过程。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.