地壳对接消减带和叠接消减带与陆-陆碰撞造山和俯冲增生造山:来自侵入岩构造组合的记录

从地壳对接消减带与地壳叠接消减带的概念出发,讨论了板块构造岩浆旋回,俯冲增生造山和陆-陆碰撞造山分别对应于板块会聚构造的第一次和第二次造山作用;讨论了俯冲增生造山的结构样式,主要由俯冲增生杂岩和岩浆弧构成;陆-陆碰撞造山指相意义的S型花岗岩类的鉴别标志,以及指示板块构造岩浆旋回结束的后造山过碱性A型花岗岩类的识别标志。最后主要基于中国侵入岩大地构造图(1∶250万)及其说明书的成果,简要地讨论了中国三个克拉通性质的陆块区以及与西伯利亚克拉通、印度克拉通之间的大洋区的洋陆转换形成的俯冲增生造山和随后的陆-陆碰撞造山,认为:(1)塔里木克拉通西北缘与西伯利亚克拉通西南缘陆-陆碰撞可能发生在石炭纪,早二叠世可能完成;(2)中国三个克拉通的陆-陆碰撞可能分别发生在早—中三叠世,晚三叠世完成拼合,形成中国主体大陆;(3)早白垩世晚期—晚白垩世完成中国主体大陆与西伯利亚大陆的最终拼合;(4)新生代中国大陆与印度大陆拼合,碰撞造山仍在进行。     

中国造山带内生金属矿床类型、特点和成矿过程探讨

中国是造山带最为发育的国家之一,尤其是在西部地区分布广泛。本文从成矿地球动力学演化角度对中国造山带中矿床类型、特点和成矿过程进行了初步的综合研究,将造山带矿床分为碰撞造山型和俯冲造山型两种。前者进一步可分为同碰撞造山过程成矿和后碰撞造山成矿。以青藏高原为例,又将同碰撞造山过程成矿分为碰撞造山期成矿、松弛期(伸展)成矿、走滑拉分盆地成矿和剪切带扩容成矿。以西秦岭和东天山为例,剖析了后碰撞成矿特点、过程和成矿规律。在扬子克拉通西南缘发育有中国颇具特色的低温成矿域,包括广泛分布的卡林型金矿、密西西比型铅锌矿和玄武岩型铜矿,本文研究提出这些矿床形成于中生代大陆边缘造山带弧后伸展盆地。     

华北大陆边缘造山过程与成矿研究的重要进展和问题

本文简要总结了国家973计划项目"华北大陆边缘造山过程与成矿"前4年取得的重要进展,包括提出了镁铁质岩石容矿的热液铜镍一贵金属矿床、浅成作用的概念,将热液成矿系统分为岩浆热液、变质热液和浅成热液三大系列;基于一批造山型银、铅锌、铜、钼等矿床的发现或识别,将造山金矿的概念和成矿分带模式拓展为造山型矿床;确定华北克拉通南缘和北缘均发生了印支期成矿事件,尤其是浆控高温热液型钼矿床;发现大陆内部浆控高温热液成矿系统以富CO_2、富钾、富氟为特征,不同于岛弧区同类矿床;挤压造山带的卡林型-类卡林型金矿成矿系统也以含CO_2-H_2O包裹体而区别于弧后盆岭省的同类成矿系统;发现中央造山带和中亚造山带在成矿类型、优势矿种等方面差异显著,缘于它们分别经历了弱增生-强碰撞和强增生-弱碰撞的造山作用;确定华北陆块及其陆缘造山带东部在燕山期大规模成矿,自西向东成矿年龄梯级变新,优势成矿类型和矿种不同,缘于太平洋板块作用叠合于造山带自身的演化;发现碰撞前的热液成矿系统均或多或少地遭受改造,甚至活化、再就位成另类矿床;在秦岭造山带新发现了1.9Ga和1.75Ga浆控热液钼矿床以及430Ma的造山型银金钼矿床,在兴蒙造山带新发现了泥盆纪造山型铜金矿床,据此预测了前中生代矿床的找矿潜力;提出矿床是地球动力学研究的探针,厘定秦岭-大别-苏鲁造山带在120Ma之后的隆升剥蚀幅度总体小于10km,平均每年0.04mm,快速隆升剥蚀只能发生在130Ma之前;初步厘定古亚洲洋沿索伦-延吉缝合带自西向东闭合于260～250Ma,古特提斯洋北支最终闭合于220Ma;揭示华北克拉通对于Kenor、Columbia、Rodinia、Gondwana和Pangea超大陆事件均有响应,发现了拉马甘迪(Lomagundi)事件的碳同位素正向漂移现象,确定孔兹岩系主要形成于2.3Ga以后.提出急需加强研究的重要科学问题是大陆碰撞造山事件的起止时限和标志,前中生代成矿系统的识别和预测,燕山期大规模成矿的区域规律性和差异性,构造域叠合-转化过程的细节和机理.     

三江地区义敦岛弧造山带演化和成矿系统

义敦岛弧是喜马拉雅巨型造山带中的一个复合造山带,它经历了印支期洋壳俯冲造山、燕山湖弧-陆碰撞和喜马拉雅期陆内走滑作用诸演化历史。可能由于洋壳板片俯冲角度不同,义敦晚三叠世古岛弧带(206～237 Ma)南北两段具有不同的发育历史,北段昌台弧以发育孤间裂谷为特色,具张性弧特征,发育扩张环境流体聚敛成矿系统,形成VMS型Zn-Pb-Cu矿床和浅成低温热液型Ag-Au-Hg矿床;南段中甸弧不发育弧后盆地,但广泛发育钙碱性弧火山岩-玢岩-斑岩杂岩系和挤压环境岩浆-流体成矿系统,形成斑岩型-夕卡岩型铜多金属矿床。在三叠纪-侏罗纪之交的弧-陆碰撞作用中,早期大陆板片俯冲形成同碰撞花岗岩带(约200 Ma),晚期造山后伸展作用,形成A型花岗岩带(75～138 Ma),伴随扬子大陆板片俯冲而发生的强烈剪切和推覆,在甘孜-理塘蛇绿混杂带发育挤压剪切环境流体聚敛成矿系统,形成剪切带型金矿。伴随造山后伸展和A型花岗岩侵位,发育伸张环境岩浆-流体聚敛成矿系统,主要形成夕卡岩型锡矿和构造破碎带热浪脉型银多金属矿床。印度-亚洲大陆碰撞在义敦造山带主要表现为陆内走滑作用,并控制碱性花岗岩和花岗斑岩的发育(50～30 Ma),伴随斑岩型金矿的形成。     

秦岭金属矿床成矿系列与大陆造山带构造力学背景

根据构造单元、构造演化及其矿床组合，将秦岭造山带划分为4个成矿集中区：小秦岭古陆活化区、熊耳山裂谷增生区、南秦岭被动陆缘断陷区和碧口地体古拼合带。分别构造4个成矿系列：花岗－绿岩带型金－铁矿床系列、陆相火山岩型金－钼矿床系列、沉积岩型金－铅锌、汞锑矿床系列、海相火山岩型金－银－多金属矿床系列与超基性岩型镍－金矿床系列。矿床系列表现出同生成矿作用和后生叠加改造成矿作用的演化，同生成矿作用与造山带形成早期（古生代及其以前）广泛的地幔羽或热点活动有关，后生成矿作用是在盆山转化和陆内构造－岩浆活动时期（120－340Ma）完成的。     

东天山花岗岩与造山带演化

文章通过建立花岗岩类类型与地球动力学之间的联系,试图利用分类清楚、测年准确的花岗岩解决本区地壳及造山带演化过程。根据K2O等地壳成熟度的指标,得出了该地区地壳性质由不成熟→半成熟岛弧→成熟陆壳演变;构造环境由不成熟岛弧→成熟的"大陆化"岛弧→大陆碰撞带演化。总结了东天山地区经历了三大地壳演化时期,分别为前寒武纪基底演化阶段陆核及超大陆形成期;古生代古亚洲洋形成演化期和中生代特提斯―印欧板块碰撞阶段板内演化期。反演出了东天山造山带经历了俯冲汇聚及不成熟陆壳形成阶段→弧―陆碰撞及半成熟陆壳形成阶段→碰撞造山及成熟陆壳形成阶段→陆内造山及陆壳改造阶段→中生代板内演化阶段。     

造山型金矿床成矿过程研究进展

造山型金矿床形成在汇聚板块边缘挤压或压扭的构造环境中,其形成时间和空间与造山作用过程存在成因上的联系。造山型金矿床是全球重要的金矿类型,为世界提供了1/3的黄金储量。该类型金矿床能和造山带演化及超大陆拼合紧密联系在一起,是现代矿床学研究的热点之一。文章回顾了近十余年造山型金矿床成矿过程研究的成果,以矿床学三大基本问题源、运、储为框架,归纳总结了前人对造山型金矿床的认识,深入分析了造山型金矿床的成矿流体特征、金和硫的来源及含矿流体迁移过程和金的沉淀机制,对比分析了地壳连续成矿模式和变质脱流体成矿模式,探讨了造山型金矿床时空分布与陆壳生长的联系,最后梳理了造山型金矿床成矿过程研究中存在的科学问题和新认识。目前对造山型金矿床的主要认识有:1成矿流体以变质流体为主,金元素和矿化剂硫最有可能来自沉积地层内;2金发生高效沉淀的关键因素是流体压力骤降,而不是流体温度降低;3在高级变质作用峰期条件下能否同时发生金矿化作用是地壳连续成矿模式和变质脱硫体成矿模式的最大分歧点;4造山型金矿床的时空分布规律与超大陆拼合过程有关。     

东秦岭-大别造山带区域成矿规律研究

对该区的矿床时空分布、矿床类型、成矿系列,成矿物化条件,矿源等进行了系统的研究总结。指出区内总体成矿地质背景为具有过渡型地壳特色的大陆复合造山带,可划分为中元古代－古生代海盆同生沉积成矿、中生成大规模陆内俯冲造山体制后生热液成两个成矿阶段,具有盆地边缘控矿,动力学转换带成矿、成矿的广义层控性及碰撞造山体制浅成与中深成热液矿带成对共生等特点。     

印度-亚洲大陆碰撞成矿作用主要研究进展

"印度-亚洲大陆主碰撞带成矿作用"973项目(2002～2008年)以青藏高原为研究对象,以构建大陆碰撞成矿理论体系为总体科学目标,经过70多位科技人员历经5年研究,取得了重大研究成果.笔者初步总结了项目在成矿动力学背景、壳/幔深部过程、大陆成矿作用及战略新区预测等方面的研究进展.项目详细再塑了青藏高原碰撞造山过程,创新性提出了碰撞造山二阶段演化模式,即主碰撞聚合(65～41 Ma)、晚碰撞转换(40～26 Ma)、后碰撞伸展(25～0 Ma)二阶段连续演变历程,发现主碰撞期发牛岩浆大规模底侵与地壳垂向增生,晚碰撞期出现地幔物质测向流动与幔源钾质岩浆组合,后碰撞期出现岩石圈减薄与伸展岩浆组合.伴随碰撞过程,应力场出现自挤压(压扭)到伸展(张扭)交替更迭变化.综合研究提出了青藏高原碰撞造山地球动力学模式.创新性地提出了大陆碰撞成矿理论体系新框架,包括三大碰撞成矿作用(主碰撞汇聚成矿作用、晚碰撞转换成矿作用和后碰撞伸展成矿作用)、10种重要的成矿系统和12种大陆特色的矿床类型,揭示了大陆碰撞带的区域成矿规律.初步提出了以大陆型斑岩铜矿新理论为代表的5类矿床成矿新模型,揭示了大陆碰撞带金属成矿机制.在系列地质、矿产综合编图和数据库建没基础上,提出了成矿预测新思路和新方法,提交了7处找矿战略新区,并在若干靶区取得找矿突破,探索出一条科研带动勘查突破、勘查提升理论认识的新路.     

从亚洲大陆块体拼贴过程看大陆造山带的形成与演化

本文就亚洲大陆喜马拉雅造山带和大别-苏鲁造山带构造演化模式进行详细评述,并据大地构造学和古地磁学最新研究成果讨论并总结大陆造山带形成与演化模式,即大陆碰撞造山带的演化可能涉及以下5个连续的过程: 碰撞旋转拼合陆内挤压反弹.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000235

In this paper we present a review of mineral systems in northern Xinjiang,NW China,focussing on the Tianshan,West and East Junggar and Altay orogenic belts,all of which are part of the greater Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB).The CAOB is a complex collage of ancient microcontinents,island arcs,oceanic plateaux and oceanic plates,which were amalgamated and accreted in Early Palaeozoic to Early Permian times.The establishment of the CAOB collage was followed by strike-slip movements and affected by intrap...     

碰撞后的地壳尺度伸展记录——中亚造山带南缘-华北克拉通北缘深部电性结构的揭露

中亚造山带作为地球上规模宏伟的造山带之一,是显生宙以来陆壳增生和伸展作用强烈的地区。华北克拉通是世界上最古老的陆块之一,晚中生代以来经历了大规模的伸展作用。中亚造山带与华北克拉通南北相连,悠久的构造演化进程使这一地区成为研究大陆造山及造山后伸展作用的理想场所。本文对新近完成的横过中亚造山带南缘一华北克拉通北缘(洪格尔-怀来)的600 km大地电磁长剖面,进行了严格规范的数据处理、分析和反演,获得了深部电性结构模型,研究了中亚造山带南缘和华北克拉通北缘深部壳幔结构,进而为该区构造演化提供新的依据。沿剖面,上地壳高阻体与分布的花岗岩对应;中、下地壳向北倾斜的高导层与其下方高导体相连,指示出地幔物质上升的通道,该套高导层与高导体可能形成于板块碰撞后的伸展环境,反映出地幔物质的上升作用是碰撞后构造伸展的主要动力。     

Geodynamics and metallogeny of the eastern Tethyan metallogenic domain

The Tethyside orogen, a direct consequence of the separation of the Gondwanaland and the accretion of Eurasia, is a huge composite orogenic system that was generated during Paleozoic–Mesozoic Tethyan accretionary and Cenozoic continent–continent collisional orogenesis within the Tethyan domain. The Tethyside orogenic system consists of a group of diverse Tethyan blocks, including the Istanbul, Sakarya, Anatolide–Taurides, Central Iran, Afghanistan, Songpan–Ganzi, Eastern Qiangtang, Western Qiangtang, Lhasa, Indochina, Sibumasu, and Western Burma blocks, which were separated from Gondwana, drifted northwards, and accreted to the Eurasian continent by opening and closing of two successive Tethyan oceanic basins (Paleo-Tethyan and Neo-Tethyan), and subsequent continental collision.The Tethyan domain represents a metallogenic amalgamation across diverse geodynamic settings, and is the best endowed of all large orogenic systems, such as those associated with the Cordilleran and Variscan orogenies. The ore deposits within the Tethyan domain include porphyry Cu–Mo–Au, granite-related Sn–W, podiform chromite, sediment-hosted Pb–Zn deposits, volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) Cu–Pb–Zn deposits, epithermal and orogenic Au polymetallic deposits, as well as skarn Fe polymetallic deposits. At least two metallogenic supergroups have been identified within the eastern Tethyan metallogenic domain (ETMD): (1) metallogenesis related to the accretionary orogen, including the Zhongdian, Bangonghu, and Pontides porphyry Cu belts, the Pontides, Sanandaj–Sirjan, and Sanjiang VMS belts, the Lasbela–Khuzdar sedimentary exhalative-type (SEDEX) Pb–Zn deposits, and podiform chromite deposits along the Tethyan ophiolite zone; and (2) metallogenesis related to continental collision, including the Gangdese, Yulong, Arasbaran–Kerman and Chagai porphyry Cu belts, the Taurus, Sanandaj–Sirjan, and Sanjiang Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Pb–Zn belts, the Southeast Asia and Tengchong–Lianghe Sn–W belts or districts, the Himalayan epithermal Sb–Au–Pb–Zn belt, the Piranshahr–Saqez–Sardasht and Ailaoshan orogenic Au belts, and the northwest Iran and northeastern Gangdese skarn Fe polymetallic belts. Mineral deposits that are generated with tectonic evolution of the Tethys form in specific settings, such as accretionary wedges, magmatic arcs, backarcs, and passive continental margins within accretionary orogens, and the foreland basins, foreland thrust zones, collisional sutures, collisional magmatic zones, and collisional deformation zones within collisional orogens.Synthesizing the architecture and tectonic evolution of collisional orogens within the ETMD and comparisons with other collisional orogenic systems have led to the identification of four basic types of collision: orthogonal and asymmetric (e.g., the Tibetan collision), orthogonal and symmetric (Pyrenees), oblique and symmetric (Alpine), and oblique and asymmetric (Zagros). The tectonic evolution of collisional orogens typically includes three major processes: (1) syn-collisional continental convergence, (2) late-collisional tectonic transform, and (3) post-collisional crustal extension, each forming distinct types of ore deposits in specific settings. The resulting synthesis leads us to propose a new conceptual framework for the collision-related metallogenic systems, which may aid in deciphering relationships among ore types in other comparable collisional orogens. Three significant processes, such as breaking-off of subducted Tethyan slab, large-scale strike-slip faulting, shearing and thrusting, and delamination (or broken-off) of lithosphere, developed in syn-, late- and post-collisional periods, repsectively, were proposed to act as major driving forces, resulting in the formation of the collision-related metallogenic systems. Widespread appearance of juvenile crust and intense inteaction between mantle and crust within the Himalayan–Zagros orogens indicate that collisional orogens have great potential for the discovery of large or giant mineral deposits.     

俯冲、碰撞、深断裂和埃达克岩与斑岩铜矿

无论是碰撞前的B型俯冲,还是碰撞后的A型俯冲,形成斑岩铜矿都必须要有洋壳或上地幔为主的物质参与.因此斑岩铜矿的初始锶值都小于0.708,超过0.708,则意味地壳物质的增多,将形成斑岩钼矿和斑岩钨锡矿.斑岩铜矿带常常与切穿地壳的深断裂带平行共生,并产于其上盘,在该地带往往发育壳幔混合以幔为主的深源花岗质浅成-超浅成小斑岩体.含铜斑岩和埃达克岩可能均为俯冲和交代产物,因而具有相似的特征,但到俯冲末期它们分道扬镳了.文章通过对冈底斯斑岩铜(钼、金和多金属)矿带的分析,来讨论俯冲、碰撞和深断裂带与斑岩铜矿的关系.同时也通过我国中央碰撞造山带仅发育斑岩钼矿,而缺乏斑岩铜矿,从而证明上地幔物质的加入对斑岩铜(金)矿的重要意义.     

早前寒武纪地质及深成构造作用研究进展

早前寒武纪地质的研究进展主要表现在准大陆克拉通早期构造演化,克拉通及古老造山带深层结构,元古代超大陆恢复对比、早期地壳性质及生长等主要问题上开展多学科研究计划的实施。其中,同位素年代学,特别是锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ方法,地震反射、Ｐ－Ｔ计算及古地磁研究对前寒武纪地质学的进展具有重要的推动作用。和个古陆克拉通区域地质学的持质研究积累,不断产生新的认识,这种新的科学思想涉及到早期陆壳组成及区划,太古代克拉通化历史,太古代－元古代界限及性质,元古代造山带网络与克拉进陆块拼合,大陆下地壳剖面及其组成等同题。华北早前寒武纪地质演化研究中的重要问题包括：华北麻粒岩相带与克拉通基底构造的关系,克拉通基底构造区域,早期陆壳性质及其记录的重大构造一热事件幕,华北克拉通与世界典型陆块构造演化对比等。     

中国西北地区中亚型造山—成矿作用的研究意义和进展

地处欧亚大陆核心的中亚型造山带,由多条古生代缝合带与多个前寒武纪小陆块镶嵌,基此 形成 中新生代盆地—山脉耦合的构造格局,并具有独特的构造演化史和动力学机制。中亚型造山 作用造就了丰富的矿产资源,矿床类型多样,超大型矿床汇聚,是解决我国21世纪矿产资源 问题的关键地带。但目 前尚未查明其成矿规律、成矿机制和找矿方向,因而急需研究。     

No excessive crustal growth in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Further evidence from field relationships and isotopic data

We provide new field observations and isotopic data for key areas of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), reiterating our previous assessment that no excessive crustal growth occurred during its ca. 800 Ma long orogenic evolution. Many Precambrian blocks (microcontinents) identified in the belt are exotic and are most likely derived from the northern margin of Gondwana, including the Tarim craton. Ocean opening in the Palaeo-Asian Ocean, arc formation and accretionary processes began in the latest Mesoproterozoic along the southern margin of the Siberian craton and continued into the Neoproterozoic, giving rise to tectono-metamorphic terranes distinct from the exotic microcontinents in that they include tectonically mixed ancient crust as well as juvenile, mantle-derived igneous rocks. Several previous assessments of crustal growth based on the distribution of oceanic and island arc complexes and on Nd isotopic data for post-accretion igneous rocks are questionable, and we show that such data, in combination with the occurrence of old zircon xenocrysts, frequently signify tectonic mixing of juvenile and ancient crustal components.The only truly juvenile terranes, including oceanic crust and intra-oceanic arcs, seem to occur in northeastern Kazakhstan, in the Altai-Sayan region of Siberia and in the Lake and Trans-Altai zones of Mongolia. The largest area of pre-CAOB continental crust forms a broad belt from northwestern Kazakhstan via the Kyrgyz North and Middle Tianshan to the Yili Block and Chinese Central Tianshan in NW China. Most arcs in the CAOB formed on older continental crust, or with substantial addition of old crustal material via sediment recycling, similar to the situation in the present Southwest Pacific in southern Indonesia, and we suspect that the volume of old material in the lower crust of the CAOB is considerable but largely unaccounted for because of lack of geophysical data. Comparing the lithospheric mantle domains as revealed by Os model ages, with ancient crust at least Mesoproterozoic in age and predating formation of the CAOB significantly reduces the volume of new juvenile crust generated during the orogeny. We conclude that the volume of truly juvenile crustal material in the CAOB is about 20%, similar to that in other accretionary orogens through Earth history, and considering the ca. 800 Ma history of the belt this is not anomalous.     

Triassic magmatism and Mo mineralization in Northeast China: geochronological and isotopic constraints from the Laojiagou porphyry Mo deposit

The Laojiagou Mo deposit is a newly discovered porphyry Mo deposit located in the Xilamulun Mo metallogenic belt, Northeast China. Mo mineralization mainly occurred within the monzogranite and monzogranite porphyry. Re–Os isochron dating of molybdenites indicate a mineralization age of 234.9 ± 3.1 Ma. Zircon LA–ICP–MS U–Pb analysis for monzogranite porphyry and monzogranite yield ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of 238.6 ± 1.8 and 241.3 ± 1.5 Ma, respectively, indicating that Laojiagou Mo mineralization is related to Middle Triassic magmatism. Hf isotopic compositions of zircons from both monzogranite porphyry and monzogranite are characterized by positive ε_Hf(t) values [ε_Hf(t) = 2.9–7.3 and 1.5–7.9, respectively] and young T_DM2 model ages, which implies that the magma was derived from juvenile crust created during accretion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Identification of the Laojiagou Mo deposit adds another important example of Triassic Mo mineralization in the Xilamulun Mo metallogenic belt where most Triassic Mo deposits in northeast China cluster around the northern margin of North China Craton. Based on the regional geological setting and geochronological and Hf isotope characteristics, we propose that Triassic Mo deposits and related magmatic rocks in northeast China formed during the last stages of evolution of the CAOB. These deposits formed during post-collisional extension after the closure of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean and amalgamation of the North China–Mongolian Block with the Siberian Craton.     

中国东北钼矿床地质

中国东北地区是中亚造山带和环太平洋构造带叠加的区域,成矿作用复杂而强烈。系统总结了东北地区的钼矿床勘查和研究进展,形成如下主要认识：1)研究区已发现3个超大型、18个大型等70余处钼矿床,探明资源量仅次于东秦岭钼矿带;2)矿床成因类型主要为斑岩型（含爆破角砾岩型）、矽卡岩型,次为热液脉型;3)成矿岩浆岩多为高硅富钾钙碱性的I型花岗岩,岩浆活动具有多期多阶段性;4)钼矿床集中分布在华北克拉通北缘、南大兴安岭、北大兴安岭和吉黑褶皱带等4个地区;5)与岩浆活动的多期多阶段性相一致,钼矿化具有多期多阶段性,但中生代最为重要,并集中在250~210、190~160和150~110 Ma等3个高峰期;6)钼矿床的辉钼矿Re含量变化较大,总体较低,显示成矿物质来源复杂,但以壳源为主;7)成矿时代越老,辉钼矿Re含量越高,Cu/Mo储量比越大;8)钼矿床主要形成于增生造山和大陆碰撞造山（含后碰撞）两种构造背景,单钼矿床始现于三叠纪,只形成于大陆碰撞造山体制。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987113001606

The paper reviews previous and recently obtained geological, stratigraphic and geochronological data on the Russian-Kazakh Altai orogen, which is located in the western Central Asian Orogenic Belt （CAOB）, between the Kazakhstan and Siberian continental blocks. The Russian-Kazakh Altai is a typical Pacific-type orogen, which represents a collage of oceanic, accretionary, fore-arc, island-arc and continental margin terranes of different ages separated by strike-slip faults and thrusts. Evidence for this comes from key indicative rock associations, such as boninite- and turbidite （graywacke）-bearing volcanogenic-sedimentary units, accreted pelagic chert, oceanic islands and plateaus, MORB-OIB-protolith blueschists. The three major tectonic domains of the Russian-Kazakh Altai are： （1） Altai-Mongolian terrane （AMT）; （2） subduction-accretionary （Rudny Altai, Gorny Altai） and collisional （Kalba-Narym） terranes; （3） Kurai, Charysh-Terekta, North-East, Irtysh and Char suture-shear zones （SSZ）. The evolution of this orogen proceeded in five major stages： （i） late Neoproterozoic-early Paleozoic subduction-accretion in the Paleo-Asian Ocean; （ii） Ordovician-Silurian passive margin; （iii） Devonian-Carboniferous active margin and collision of AMT with the Siberian conti- nent; （iv） late Paleozoic closure of the PAO and coeval collisional magmatism; （v） Mesozoic post-collisional deformation and anarogenic magmatism, which created the modern structural collage of the Russian- Kazakh Altai orogen. The major still unsolved problem of Altai geology is origin of the Altai-Mongolian terrane （continental versus active margin）, age of Altai basement, proportion of juvenile and recycled crust and origin of the middle Paleozoic units of the Gorny Altai and Rudny Altai terranes.