西昆仑新生代钾质火山岩的地球化学及其对源区的约束

对西昆仑大红柳滩、普鲁北和普鲁东新生代火山岩的地球化学研究表明 ,其总体特征相似。但是南带的大红柳滩和北带的普鲁火山岩区 (普鲁北和普鲁东 )存在一定的区别。大红柳滩火山岩的 Ti O2 相对较低 ,但富集碱和 K,同时更加富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素。在同位素特征上 ,大红柳滩火山岩具有相对低的 Sr同位素比值以及高的εNd值和 2 0 7Pb/2 0 4 Pb、2 0 8Pb/2 0 4 Pb比值。其微量元素和同位素特征指示了火山岩的源区为岩石圈地幔 ,为含有黑云母和角闪石的石榴子石二辉橄榄岩。但在部分熔融前经历了交代富集的过程。原始地幔标准化图解…     

银根-额济纳旗盆地苏红图坳陷早白垩世火山岩对阿尔金断裂研究的科学意义

通过对银根-额济纳旗盆地苏红图坳陷火山岩进行39Ar-40Ar同位素测年得到该套火山岩年龄值为(105.55±4.03)～(112.71土2.06)Ma,为早白垩世喷发物.对苏红图火山岩与位于阿尔金断裂周缘的酒西盆地红柳峡火山岩的年龄及地化特征进行了对比研究,认为红柳峡火山岩及苏红图火山岩均为阿尔金-恩格尔乌苏断裂断裂...     

藏南江孜盆地北缘火山岩地球化学特征及其大地构造背景

江孜盆地北缘火山岩可分为2个火山岩带，各带又有2个喷发旋回不同时代的火山岩具相似的岩石化学特征，表现为富钛、富铝、富钠、低钾的特点，属拉斑玄武岩系列，三叠纪和早白垩世火山岩的痕量元素具富集大离子不相容元素的特肛．稀土元素及其球粒陨石标准化配分型式显示其喷发构造背景为大陆裂谷环境。晚白垩世火山岩的痕量元素特征可分为富集大离子不相容元素、高场强元素和仅富集大离子不相容元素2种类型，上下层位的稀土元素特征和配分型式不同，喷发的构造环境分别为大陆裂谷环境和大洋环境。结合区域地质成果认为，雅鲁藏布江结合带在三叠纪和早白垩世时为大陆裂谷构造环境，晚白垩世早期为大陆裂谷向大洋演化的构造背景，晚期形成洋壳，其形成至少经历了4次脉动式的演化过程     

东天山觉罗塔格地区底坎儿组火山岩地球化学特征及构造环境探讨

底坎儿组火山岩是东天山石炭纪火山岩的重要组成部分,其分布范围北至吐-哈盆地南缘,南至沙泉子断裂,其地球化学特征对于探讨觉罗塔格地区的构造环境演化具有重要的意义。本文对底坎儿组火山岩的主量、微量及Sr-Nd同位素进行了研究,以探讨岩石成因及其形成的构造环境。结果表明,底坎儿组火山岩为一套钙碱性的玄武岩-安山岩-流纹英安岩组合,为石榴石-尖晶石橄榄岩地幔部分熔融的产物。玄武岩经历了橄榄石和单斜辉石的结晶分异,安山岩和流纹英安岩则经历了斜长石和磁铁矿的结晶分异。火山岩相对富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,玄武岩的微量元素配分型式与弧玄武岩相似,而部分安山岩及流纹英安岩的微量元素配分型式与上地壳相似。底坎儿组火山岩的Nd同位素特征[εNd(t)=-0.14~5.69]及微量元素地球化学特征显示其具有中等亏损地幔源区特征,岩浆来自于俯冲流体交代的地幔,岩浆演化过程遭受了有限的地壳混染。基性火山岩微量元素配分型式及构造环境图解表明其可能形成于弧后盆地环境。     

东昆仑巴颜喀拉浊积盆地二叠纪火山岩

东昆仑巴颜喀拉浊积盆地内沿扎拉依-哥琼尼洼断裂带及约古宗列断裂带的断夹块内出露有一套二叠纪马尔争组火山岩, 火山岩呈构造岩片形式产出, 扎拉依-哥琼尼洼断裂带火山岩岩石组合主要为玄武岩、玄武安山岩, 少量玄武岩具枕状构造, 岩石SiO₂含量均匀, TiO₂的含量较高, ALK的含量较低, 为拉斑系列的玄武岩, 玄武岩稀土总量较高, 稀土配分曲线为轻稀土富集型, 与洋岛型火山岩的稀土配分曲线相一致, 火山岩大离子亲石元素较富集, 高场强元素及重稀土元素较平坦, 稀土、微量元素特征及构造环境判别显示其形成于较富集的洋岛环境, 少数为洋中脊的构造环境.约古宗列断裂带火山岩岩石组合为玄武岩、玄武安山岩, 岩石SiO₂含量较高, TiO₂含量较低, 均 < 1%, 为钙碱性系列火山岩, 玄武安山岩的稀土配分曲线与扎拉依-哥琼尼洼断裂带一致, 而英安岩的轻稀土富集程度高, 与岛弧高钾安山岩的稀土配分曲线相吻合, 构造环境判别显示其形成于岛弧构造环境.根据扎拉依-哥琼尼洼断裂带两侧火山岩成分的差异以及断裂带两侧巴颜喀拉群碎屑物成分的差异, 可以把巴颜喀拉山三叠纪浊积盆地进一步划分为北亚带和南亚带.      

江苏溧阳火山岩的成因演化及构造环境探讨

江苏溧阳盆地火山岩主要由钙碱性的安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩等组成。岩石以富集钾族元素而贫高场强元素为特征。稀土元素配分型式表现为轻稀土的相对富集，并且Eu负异常。岩相学和主要元素及微量元素的变化都表明，分离结晶是溧阳火山岩岩浆演化的主要机理。笔者应用岩石学混合计算方法和热力学模式宣地模拟了这一过程。根据岩石组合及岩石化学的特点，认为溧阳火山岩是中生代时期中国东部大陆边缘板块俯冲作用的产物。     

青藏高原那日尼亚地区新近纪查保玛组火山岩岩石地球化学特征

那日尼亚地区铅锌矿主要位于新近纪火山岩中,成矿的层控型明显,查保玛组火山岩是最主要的含矿层位之一。对地球化学特征研究表明,该组火山岩为一套钙碱性-碱性系列的中酸性岩石组合,以富碱高钾含量为特征。稀土配分模式高度分异,轻重稀土元素分馏明显。δEu为0.73～0.97,无明显负Eu异常。微量元素的配分模式近似一致,相对于原始地幔,富集大离子亲石元素(K、Ba、Rb、Sr)和Th、U等活泼的不相容元素,而Zr、Ti、Ta、P等高场强元素则相对亏损。Rb/Sr为0.07～0.27,Rb/Sr值为0.07～0.27,显示壳幔混合特点。岩石可能源于EMⅡ型富集地幔含金云母的地幔橄榄岩的部分熔融,经过分离结晶的岩浆房富钾岩浆沿构造薄弱部位上侵,与地壳物质发生混合形成混合岩浆,在地壳浅部就位。微量元素中具有高的铅锌背景值,为成矿提供主要物质来源。在R1-R2构造判别图解上,样品主要落入碰撞后伸展和后碰撞环境。结合区域构造背景分析,该套火山岩形成于陆内伸展构造背景。     

准噶尔盆地陆东—五彩湾地区石炭系中、基性火山岩地球化学及其形成环境

准噶尔盆地是发育在前寒武纪结晶基底与古生代褶皱基底双重基底之上的中、新生代沉积盆地。盆地东北缘陆东—五彩湾地区发育大量的石炭系中、基性火山岩,主要由玄武岩、熔结玄武岩、气孔-杏仁玄武岩与辉绿岩组成。其中、基性火山岩具有低钾高钛、高∑REE的特征,球粒陨石标准化的REE配分曲线表现轻稀土富集,轻、重稀土分异的谱线特征,微量元素具有大离子亲石元素富集,Ta、Nb亏损的现象,可能与板内拉张环境下地壳混染或地幔源区有富Ta、Nb的残留体有关,微量元素环境判别图解中大部分样品点落入板内玄武岩区域,少量漂向岛弧火山岩区,表现出主体为板内构造环境;高场强元素Th/Nb、Nb/Zr比值进一步表现出火山岩具有板内火山岩的特征。综合区域地质特征及前人的研究结果,认为准噶尔盆地陆东—五彩湾地区中、基性火山岩应属造山期后伸展背景下的火山作用产物,但岩浆源区可能受到古洋壳板片俯冲作用的影响。     

西秦岭天水阴崖沟早古生代草滩沟群火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

天水阴崖沟草滩沟群中发育有变质火山岩,其岩石类型主要为变玄武岩、变安山岩、变英安岩和变流纹岩;研究区变火山岩主体属于拉斑系列,其原始岩浆来源于富集地幔;变火山岩的微量元素特征表现为富集大离子亲石元素Cs、Ba、Th和U,而相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti和Y;微量元素构造环境判别显示其形成于俯冲消减带之上的岛弧环境;结合已有年代学资料,显示天水—武山洋在晚奥陶世已经存在并开始俯冲,形成阴崖沟草滩沟群岛弧火山岩;同时从岩石组成、形成时代及地球化学特征来看,阴崖沟草滩沟群火山岩与东秦岭丹凤岩群火山岩相似,这为确定天水一武山构造带是早古生代商丹古缝合带的西延部分提供了证据。     

羌塘东部治多县直根尕卡一带二叠纪栖霞期火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

羌塘东部治多县直根尕卡一带二叠纪栖霞期火山岩主要由中基性火山碎屑岩及熔岩组成,火山岩地球化学研究表明,其主元素表现为高TiO_2和低TiO_2两种特征,球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式为LREE富集型.MORB标准化的微量元素配分型式为大洋隆起型,显示岩浆形成于板内裂谷构造环境.Sr、Nd、Pb同位素地球化学研究表明火山岩显示明显的亏损地幔源区特征.综合研究表明直根尕卡一带二叠纪栖霞期火山岩形成于大陆边缘拉张构造(或陆缘始裂谷)环境,岩浆起源于地幔,属地幔柱作用的产物.     

大兴安岭中南段中生代中基性火山岩岩石学地球化学研究

大兴安岭中南段中生代火山岩的成因和形成时的构造背景涉及南蒙古-兴蒙造山带的后期构造演化及区内众多的铜、银多金属矿床的形成,因而对其成因的研究具有重要意义。在野外工作基础上,对大兴安岭中南段中生代中基性火山岩进行了较为系统的岩石学和元素地球化学研究。结果表明,火山岩的岩石类型为玄武粗安岩、粗面安山岩、英安岩及粗面岩,属钙碱性岩石系列;玄武粗安岩、粗面安山岩、英安岩及粗面岩的常量元素以富集SiO2,Na2O,K2O和亏损Fe2O3,FeO,MgO,CaO等为特征,微量元素以富集亲石元素和亏损铁族元素及Nb,Ta为特征;火山岩的稀土元素分配模式为轻稀土富集型;(^87Sr／^86Sr)．为0．7045～0．7077,且主要集中在0．7045～0．7055的区间内,εNd(t)多数为正值。火山岩是地幔物质部分熔融的产物,形成于张性构造环境,它们是天山一兴安造山带后造山期软流圈或地幔柱上涌所引起的岩石圈伸展作用、内蒙古-吉黑印支造山带造山期后的伸展作用和蒙古-鄂霍茨克残余洋“剪刀式”闭合所形成的拉张作用等综合效应的响应事件。     

Multiple mantle metasomatism beneath the Leizhou Peninsula,South China: evidence from elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope geochemistry of the late Cenozoic volcanic rocks

ABSTRACT

We analysed whole-rock major and trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes of the late Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Leizhou Peninsula, South China to investigate their mantle source characteristics. These volcanic rocks, collected from Jiujiang, Tianyang and Huoju areas of the Leizhou Peninsula, are characterized by incompatible element enrichment but variable isotopic depletion. The volcanic rocks from Jiujiang and Tianyang show prominent primitive-mantle-normalized positive Nb, Ta and Sr anomalies and depleted Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope compositions, whereas those from Huoju show slight positive to negative Nb and Ta anomalies, a prominent positive Pb anomaly, and more enriched Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope compositions. Two types of mantle metasomatism are required to explain the geochemical characteristics of these rocks. The Jiujiang and Tianyang samples were largely derived from a mantle source metasomatized recently by a low-F melt. Such low-F melt is generated within the asthenospheric mantle, which is enriched in volatiles and incompatible elements with positive Sr anomaly and depleted Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope compositions. The Huoju samples were largely derived from a mantle source metasomatized by recycled upper continental crust material. These two types of mantle metasomatism beneath the Leizhou Peninsula are consistent with trace element characteristics of mantle mineralogy (e.g. clinopyroxene vs. amphibole), which reflects source evolution in space and time (e.g. tectonic setting change).     

大兴安岭嫩江地区中生代双峰式火山岩锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学特征及其地质意义

本文对嫩江地区中生代双峰式火山岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究。测年结果显示嫩江地区中生代双峰式火山岩形成于127.5Ma的早白垩世晚期。岩石地球化学研究表明,早白垩世晚期火山岩具有双峰式组合特点,基性端员富碱,富含轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Ti、Y）,形成于富集的岩石圈地幔的部分熔融和分离结晶作用,形成的过程可能含有少量的陆壳混染。酸性端员显示A型流纹岩的特征,为幔源岩浆底侵,使中下地壳岩石发生部分熔融的成因。双峰式火山岩组合的存在暗示其形成于陆内拉张的构造环境。结合区域上中生代火山岩的空间展布特征,嫩江地区早白垩世晚期双峰式火山岩的形成应与太平洋板块向欧亚大陆的俯冲作用有关。     

甘肃西部红柳峡火山颈火山岩地球化学特征及意义

红柳峡火山颈是甘肃西部中生代以来唯一且保存完好的陆相火山口,颈内主要由玄武粗安岩充填,其w(SiO2)=51.79%～52.57%,w(Al2O3)=15.22%～16.38%,w(Na2O+K2O)=6.0%～7.00%,w(Na2O)>w(K2O),w(MgO)=5.02%～6.44%,Mg#=57～65,显示高铝、富镁及富钠贫钾之特征。区内火山岩形成于陆内伸展构造背景,源于过渡型地幔,Zr=254.2×10-6～290.2×10-6、Hf=5.595×10-6～6.313×10-6,Nb=30.85×10-6～34.52×10-6,Zr/Y=9.85～10.15,Hf/Th=0.98～1.04,Hf/Ta=3.05～3.20。Zr/Nb=8.24～8.63,接近于地壳平均值,表明在岩浆作用过程中可能发生过地壳混染作用。火山岩ΣREE含量高(294.49×10-6～334.04×10-6),并表现出轻稀土明显富集且轻稀土元素之间具明显的分馏作用,LREE/HREE=13.78～14.81,(La/Yb)N为18.99～21.56,重稀土元素之间分馏相对较弱,表现为重稀土分布曲线较为平坦,(Gd/Yb)N为2.58～2.73,无明显的Eu异常(δEu=0.93～0.99)和Ce异常(δCe=0.97～1.00),表明在岩浆演化过程中斜长石并未发生分离结晶作用以及上地壳物质的混染作用。可明显区分出早白垩世、晚白垩世及古近纪三期火山岩,表明火山颈形成时间为古近纪。红柳峡火山岩形成时代、构造属性及动力学背景的确定对于研究阿尔金断裂、北祁连北缘断裂有着十分重要的意义。     

湘南汝城盆地火山岩岩石地球化学及其成因意义

汝城盆地基性火山岩系由辉绿岩、玄武岩和玄武质火山碎屑岩组成，属于低钾拉斑玄武岩系。基性火山岩系具有同一岩浆源区。岩石微量元素出现弱的LILE富集和Ta，Nb，Ti的亏损。强不相容元素比值反映岩浆源区明显偏离原始地幔组分，具有富集型异常地幔岩浆源区特征。岩浆源区同时受到地壳物质混染和来自先前消减残留板片流体或熔体交代的双重改造作用。在陆内拉张构造条件下富集型异常地幔岩浆源区的部分熔融是制约汝城盆地基性火山岩形成的主要因素。     

胶莱盆地西南缘青山群火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学特征及意义

胶莱盆地西南缘发育的青山群火山岩以中-中酸性为主,属同源岩浆喷发;岩石具有高硅、高钾、富铝、贫铁钛特征;微量元素Nb、Ta亏损,Zr、Hf较富集,岩浆来源于下地壳,与板块俯冲作用有关;稀土元素配分图具右倾特征,轻稀土富集,Eu异常不明显;岩浆演化特征以部分熔融为主,区内火山岩碱度指数A·R值小于4.0,判断研究区青山群...     

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Volcanic Rocks in the Yeba Formation on the Gangdise Magmatic Arc, Tibet

The Early Jurassic bimodal volcanic rocks in the Yeba Formation, situated between Lhasa, Dagzê and Maizhokunggar, composed of metabasalt, basaltic ignimbrite, dacite, silicic tuff and volcanic breccia, are an important volcanic suite for the study of the tectonic evolution of the Gangdise magmatic arc and the Mesozoic Tethys. Based on systematic field investigations, we carried out geochemical studies on representative rock samples. Major and trace element compositions were analyzed for these rock samples by XRF and ICP-MS respectively, and an isotope analysis of Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd was carried out by a MAT 262 mass spectrograph. The results show that the SiO2 contents in lava rocks are 41 %-50.4 % and 64 %-69 %, belonging to calc-alkaline basalt and dacite. One notable feature of the basalt is its low TiO2 content, 0.66 %-1.01 %, much lower than those of continental tholeiite. The ΣREE contents of basalt and dacite are 60.3-135 μg/g and 126.4-167.9 μg/g respectively. Both rocks have similar REE and other trace element characteristics, with enriched LREE and LILE relative to HREE and HFS, similar REE patterns without Eu anomaly. The basalts have depleted Ti, Ta and Nb and slightly negative Nb and Ta anomalies, with Nb*＝0.54-1.17 averaging 0.84. The dacites have depleted P and Ti and also slightly negative Nb and Ta anomalies, with Nb*＝0.74-1.06 averaging 0.86. Major and trace elemental and isotopic studies suggest that both basalt and dacite originated from the partial melting of the mantle wedge at different degrees above the subduction zone. The spinal lherzolite in the upper mantle is likely to be their source rocks, which might have been affected by the selective metasomatism of fluids with crustal geochemistry. The LILE contents of both rocks were affected by metamorphism at later stages. The Yeba bimodal volcanic rocks formed in a temporal extensional situation in a mature island arc resulting from the Indosinian Gangdise magmatic arc.     

Geodynamic Indications on Igneous Rocks of Transitory Geologic Setting during the Late Hercynian in North Tarim Basin

Basic and intermediate-acidic igneous rocks were developed during the late Hercynian in North Tarim basin.The geochemistry characteristics of the rocks show that basic volcanic rock has K2O/Na2O = 0.18-0.61 < 1 and falls into a category of basalt of sodium system.The rocks contain enriched large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) (K,Rb,Ba,Th) and high-field strength elements (HFSE) (Nb,Ta,Ti,Zr,P),with the magmatic material from the upper mantle.The intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks have σ = 1.91-2.96 < 3.3,K2O/Na2O =1.25-1.59 > 1,as well as the enriched LILE and depleted HFSE (Nb,Ta,Ti,P),presenting the same trace element compositions and characteristics as in the granitic rocks of South Tianshan Mt.; they are either shoshonitic igneous rocks or high-K calc-alkaline igneous rocks,with a distinct crust-derived component feature.The comprehensive analyses on the characteristics of the trace elements,the graphic tectonic discrimination,and the distribution features of the two types of igneous rocks show that they were formed under different tectonic settings and geodynamic environments:the basalt was formed in the active rifting period when the active mantle upwelling caused the thinning of lithosphere; the intermediateacidic volcanic-intrusive rock was formed in the island arc area of the active continental margin in North Tarim; the formation is associated with the plate subduction during the course of South Tianshan Ocean closure-the subduction of Middle Tianshan Mountain toward the Tarim plate.The basic and intermediate-acidic igneous rocks reveal a tectonic regime of extension-extrusion transition,which is significant in determining the key tectonic revolution period of North Tarim basin.     

Petrology,geochemistry, and tectonic significance of Mesozoic shoshonitic volcanic rocks,Luzong volcanic basin,eastern China

We studied the geochemical characteristics of three types of Mesozoic igneous rocks from the Luzong volcanic basin: basaltic trachyandesite at Shuangmiao, pyroxene monzonite at Bajiatan, and quartz-syenite (A-type granite) at Huangmeijian. Based on analyses of whole-rock major elements, all investigated rocks are enriched in K, Na, Ti, Al, but depleted in Ca, representing a shoshonitic series. Trace element analyses show that these rocks are characterized by enrichments of large-ion lithophile elements and high field strength elements. Positive Nb and Ta anomalies in the chondrite-normalized spider diagram indicate that the shoshonitic volcanic rocks share similar features with Nb-enriched basalts, which are different from normal island-arc volcanical rocks (they are typically strongly depleted in Nb and Ta). Bulk-rock chemical compositions and Sr–Nd isotopes indicate that the three types of igneous rocks are geochemically comagmatic, suggesting that the melts were derived from an enriched mantle reservoir. We postulate an extensional tectonic setting for the formation of Luzong volcanic basin, possibly related to subduction of a palaeo-Pacific plate beneath the east Chinese continent during the Yanshanian period (Cretaceous). Therefore, the petrogenetic features of those volcanic rocks as well as A-type granites in the Luzong basin indicate that the regional large-scale Fe–Cu–Au mineralization was associated with oceanic slab melting, but not delamination or recycling of the ancient lower continental crust, as previously proposed.     

西天山吐拉苏盆地大哈拉军山组火山岩地球化学特征及构造意义

吐拉苏盆地大哈拉军山组由两组火山岩组成,一组为玄武安山岩、安山岩,SiO2含量介于54.8%～59.4%之间,另一组为流纹岩,SiO2含量为70.6% ～74.1%,两组岩石具有相似的稀土和微量元素分配型式,均富集U、Th、K、Pb,而亏损Nb、Ta和Ti,同时两组岩石的一些微量元素对比值基本一致,表明流纹岩是本区玄武...