珊瑚礁地层钻探取心技术研究及应用

人工吹填珊瑚岛礁地层结构比较特殊,以珊瑚砂和珊瑚碎屑为主,取心和成孔难度较大。以南海某岛礁地质钻探取心工程实践为例,针对地层岩性特点,采用一系列对应技术措施：上部松散或弱胶结砂砾层采取跟管钻进和无水干钻取心技术;礁灰岩全漏失地层设计了一套掏砂钻具进行掏砂,确保井眼干净;软硬互层采用超前侧喷钻头;粉砂质地层采取小口径钻具无水干钻取心技术等。该技术在18个钻孔实施中取得了良好的效果,可为后续珊瑚礁地层钻探取心提供借鉴。     

大宝山钼矿复杂地层钻探技术

广东大宝山钼矿区地层复杂,钻孔施工中常发生漏失、掉块、坍塌垮孔、缩径等情况,易造成钻具折断,卡钻、烧钻、埋钻等事故,且取心困难。通过选择合理的钻探工艺方法、护壁堵漏措施和钻探取心技术措施,使大宝山钼矿床和北面山多金属区详查找矿钻探工作顺利完成。详细介绍了大宝山钼矿复杂地层钻探技术。     

深海硬岩连续取心钻头的研制

气举反循环技术是一种可用于深井硬岩地层的高效钻进技术,不受地层裂隙、溶洞影响,排渣彻底。通过研究专用的连续取心钻头,可实现深海硬岩的连续取心作业,提高深海硬岩钻井效率及取心率,为深海钻探提供一种全新的取心方案。本文从牙掌选型、卡断器结构、岩渣及岩心通道优化设计等方面进行研究,提出了连续取心钻头的设计方案,并试制加工钻头。在地热井中进行了验证性应用,灰岩地层、砂岩地层取心率可达80%以上,高于大洋钻探统计取心率。陆地验证性应用为该技术方法在海洋取心钻探中的应用奠定了技术基础。     

海洋地质十号船钻探系统及其在海洋地质调查中的应用

能源需求持续增长及环境污染防治、应对气候变化要求加快能源结构调整,迫切需要海洋地质调查工作为油气勘探开发提供新的靶区,为天然气水合物商业化勘查开发提供基础支撑。我国自主设计、建造的海洋地质十号船填补了我国小吨位大钻深海洋地质钻探船的空白,提升了海洋地质调查能力,也标志着我国海洋地质综合调查能力跻身世界前列,并为未来的大洋钻探提供了宝贵的经验。海洋地质十号船钻探系统针对不同地层采用不同的取心工具,顺利完成了南海某海域的钻探取心任务(A、B两个钻孔)。针对海洋钻探作业风险,制定的应对措施,保证了海洋地质十号船钻探作业的正常施工。实践证明,海洋地质十号船钻探系统可圆满完成了海洋地质钻探取心任务。     

跟管钻进下套管技术在大洋钻探中的应用

大洋钻探通常采用无隔水管开路钻进,在松散破碎地层常因孔壁失稳导致孔内事故,最理想的护壁方式是下套管将不稳定地层封隔开。传统下套管方法程序复杂,作业时间长,易发生缩径、塌孔,套管不能顺利下入到预定位置,施工风险大、成本高。本文介绍了一种跟管钻进下套管技术,利用套管下扩孔器、井下动力钻具、套管送入工具等配套设备,实现钻进和下套管工序“合二为一”,简化了施工程序,可显著节省施工时间,解决了深海无隔水管钻进复杂地层下套管作业困难、施工风险大、成本高等技术难题,为实现海洋深部钻探取心目标提供了技术支持。     

RMR技术在海域天然气水合物钻探中的适应性分析

深水表层天然气水合物沉积体埋藏浅、地层软、未固结,泥浆密度窗口窄,使用常规隔水管泥浆循环钻进钻遇水合物分解会引起井周孔隙压力及储层水合物饱和度发生变化,导致水合物储层泥浆密度窗口更窄,引发井壁以及井口失稳等问题,并且时间长、成本高。文章介绍了无隔水管泥浆回收(RMR)技术原理,对该技术在深水表层海域天然气水合物钻探中的适应性进行了分析。结果表明,RMR技术利用双梯度原理,能有效解决目前深水表层钻井窄密度窗口难题;实时监控系统提高遇险机动性,严防硫化氢等气体发生泄漏;能够简化井身结构,缩短建井周期,降低建井成本;同时对海洋零排放,安全环保。     

近海不下套管井深100 m海砂钻探技术

对于井深100m的海砂地质钻探,不下套管,一径到底,直接在松散无胶结的砂质沉积地层取心钻进,大大降低了劳动强度和提高了生产效率。在黄海某砂矿岩心钻探调查项目中,易产生孔壁坍塌、岩屑返不出孔口、涌砂、卡钻等严重问题。通过解决施工中遇到的问题,总结了井深100m的海洋砂矿钻探工艺技术,以及孔内事故的防治措施,为后续工作提供了技术参考。     

汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目取心钻进技术

汶川地震断裂带科学钻探（WFSD）项目钻孔的主要目的之一是通过有效的技术手段,在极其破碎的地层中获取满足地学要求的原状岩心。通过在WFSD-2、WFSD-3两个钻孔采取隔液取心钻进、尖齿PDC小钻压取心钻进、孔底动力取心钻进、半合管无损出心等关键技术,高质量地达到了工程的取心要求,并有效地提高了难钻进、易堵心地层机械钻速和回次进尺。     

水力反循环连续取心(样)钻探在浅海砂矿勘查中的应用

概述了水力反循环(HRC—Hydraulic Reverse Circulation)连续取心钻探技术首次在我国海南砂矿勘查取心(样)钻探施工过程及取得的效果;总结了海上砂矿取心(样)钻探施工的经验。该技术的成功应用,为国内外开展海洋区域地质、海洋环境地质、海洋工程地质调查等钻探取心(样)施工提供了一种全新、高效实用的技术方法。     

浅海伸缩套管钻探工艺研究

浅海取心钻探中钻遇易坍塌地层时,需要下放套管封隔地层,保证泥浆循环,换径继续钻进。现有常规下套管方法为使用带有钻台层甲板和套管层甲板的钻井船进行下放套管作业,部分无套管层甲板钻井船在遇到必须下套管的工况时,需临时搭建套管层平台进行下放套管作业,但受钻机和钻具体积及质量的限制。为解决无套管层甲板的钻井船在海洋钻探取心时需要下入套管的难题,设计了一种海洋钻探下入多层套管的工艺方法,利用可伸缩套管及相关设备,在海底井口与小型钻井船之间建立泥浆上返通道,封隔不稳定地层,实现泥浆回收循环及钻具升沉补偿。在钻井过程中,伸缩套管还可以起到导向定位的作用,防止潮差水流流速变化影响钻具下入,为浅海钻井节省时间和成本。     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of     

OCEANOGRAPHY & MARINE GEOLOGY

正20140582 Fang Xisheng(Key Lab.of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology,First Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,Qingdao 266061,China);Shi Xuefa Mineralogy of Surface Sediment in the Eastern Area off the Ryukyu Islands and Its Geological Significance(Marine Geology Quaternary Geology,ISSN0256-1492,CN37     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141810 Bian Yumei(Geological Environmental Monitoring Center of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110032,China);Zhang Jing Zoning Haicheng,Liaoning Province,by GeoHazard Risk and Geo-Hazard Assessment(Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,ISSN1006-4362,CN51-1467/P,24(3),2013,p.5-9,2 illus.,tables,refs.)