西藏玉龙Cu成矿带及其外围地区异常结构模式找矿预测研究

铜矿作为重要的战略性矿产资源之一,备受国家的重视.西藏玉龙斑岩铜(钼)成矿带是中国最大的新生代斑岩铜矿带.纵观国内外重大找矿突破,找矿模式的建立和应用起到了重要的作用.区域地质地球化学异常结构模式找矿预测法已广泛应用于找矿预测评价中.中国的1∶20万和1∶25万区域地球化学调查在矿产勘查工作中发挥了巨大作用,取得了海量的地球化学数据.基于大数据思维,采用新的思路和技术,再挖掘、再开发这些区域地球化学调查数据,开展区域找矿预测评价,应该是实现新的找矿突破的一种重要有效途径.本文利用区域地球化学调查数据,以异常结构模式理论和方法为基础,以玉龙成矿带和已知矿田的区域地球化学异常结构模式为预测评价标准,对玉龙Cu成矿带及其外围地区进行找矿预测研究,划分出有找寻Cu(Mo)及多金属矿前景的7个预测成矿带和19个找矿预测区,显示出玉龙Cu成矿带及其外围地区还具有很大的找矿前景.     

北祁连西山梁—尕大坂铜铅锌多金属成矿带找矿潜力

西山梁—尕大坂多金属成矿带是国内著名的多金属成矿带,位于北祁连走廊南山南坡.已发现多个铜铅锌多金属矿床,具有相同的地质背景和成矿地质特征,考察分析研究大量相关资料,试图提出新的找矿思路,优选找矿潜力,建立适合该成矿带的找矿模式.     

矿田构造的地质力学研究和发展

找矿勘查历史和地质研究表明,区域成矿带、矿田和矿床的找矿勘查,三个层次目标不同,方法不同,比例尺也不一样.适用于区域成矿带和矿区矿床的找矿勘探技术并不能完全适用于矿田,成矿带和矿床的成矿规律和理论方法不宜直接应用于矿田资源勘查.     

西藏玉龙-马拉松多斑岩型铜成矿带区域地质地球化学综合异常结构模式

成矿带的找矿勘查和找矿预测已经成为当前找矿勘查工作的重点.通过引用铜多金属矿田区域地球化学异常结构模式的新概念,对地物化遥异常分布模式的综合研究,建立了西藏玉龙-马拉松成矿带的综合区域地质地球化学异常结构模式.     

桐柏地区歇马岭金异常评价方法及效果

老湾金成矿带是变质碎屑岩型金银成矿带之一,在该带发现过上上河和老湾大型金矿床.经对区域1:20万地球化学资料的重新认识,发现沿该带北侧也具有较好的金(银)异常显示,通过1:2.5万水系沉积物测量和1:1万化探详查,将其分解定位,尔后把已知矿(化)点与物化探异常结合起来,在对已知找矿信息综合研究和筛选评序的基础上,确定歇马岭为重点找矿靶区,通过小范围找矿靶区定位分析和工程验证,取得了找矿新进展.     

广西武宣-象州地区铅锌成矿带深部找矿前景及找矿思路探讨

广西武宣―象州地区铅锌成矿带处在广西三级构造单元来宾凹陷和大瑶山隆起的结合部位,大瑶山背斜西翼.盘龙铅锌矿随着开采的深入,人们对矿床的地质特征、成矿规律、控矿因素的认识有了提高,展开就矿找矿,加强深部找矿,于2011年提交了-150m 标高以下铅锌金属量120万吨,矿床规模为大型矿床.盘龙铅锌矿床深部找矿的重大突破对在武宣―象州铅锌成矿带内的老矿山及外围继续寻找铅锌矿床具有重要的推动作用.本文介绍了武宣―象州地区铅锌成矿带地质概况,结合盘龙矿区深部找矿实例,讨论了本区进行深部的找矿前景及找矿思路.     

河南庙岭-小南沟-赵岭构造蚀变岩型 金成矿带地质地球化学模式

河南庙岭—小南沟—赵岭金成矿带是受马超营断裂带控制的次级成矿带。通过系统总结该成矿带的地质特征、矿床特征,对元素进行聚类分析、因子分析,系统总结地球化学特征,按照С.В.格里戈良(1975)热液矿床原生晕元素分带序列的计算方法,得出微量元素水平和垂直分带特征,建立了地质地球化学找矿模式,为该地区找矿工作提供找矿思路。     

遥感信息在青海督冷沟地区成矿预测中的应用

青海督冷沟地区处于东昆仑成矿带,具有较大的找矿潜力.在该区运用TM遥感数据,进行了1∶ 5万遥感找矿信息提取,结合地质和化探异常资料分析,预测了5处找矿远景区,通过野外查证,在塔妥煤矿南部找矿远景区中发现大小铜矿体15条,铅矿体1条.由此可见,遥感信息在矿产资源潜力评价及找矿预测中具有重要作用.     

赣东北乐华-德兴铜金多金属成矿带成矿特征及找矿预测

在收集区内地质找矿和科研资料的基础上,分析了乐华-德兴成矿带的地质背景和矿产分布特征,阐述了铜金成矿作用特征和成矿规律,指出这一重要的铜金成矿带内仍具较大的找矿潜力.     

内蒙中西部有色金属成矿区化探普查找矿方法及效果

内蒙中西部有色金属成矿区由数个成矿带组成,面积约5.9万平方公里.其中狼山有色金属成矿带的霍各乞、炭窑口、东升庙:渣尔太成矿带的结胜盘,均已探明为大型层控铜、铅、锌、硫多金属矿床.近年来,区内开展了大面积分散流普查找矿,发现了一些新异常,提出了新的找矿远景区.为配合区内化探工作的开展,本文仅就本区化探普查找矿方法及效果进行讨论     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.     

Mountains,nations, parks,and conservation

Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km² and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world.