北京地区中元古代与中生代火山岩的酸度、系列、构造环境及岩浆成因

本文对北京地区中元古代及中生代火山岩的地质学、岩石学、矿物化学、地球化学、岩石成因学及构造环境学进行了综合研究。对火山岩的时空分布及成分变化进行了论述,对酸度频率及岩浆系列进行了分析,对构造环境及拉张距离进行了估算,对岩浆的来源及演化机理进行了探讨。     

丰祥煤矿水文地质条件及二_1煤层充水因素分析

分析了矿井的水文地质条件,对主要充水含水层进行了分析、划分和对比;对断层构造的导水性、富水性进行了分析。论述了水文地质边界条件。采用大井法和比拟法预测了矿井涌水量,对计算结果进行了评价。对二1煤层充水因素进行了分析,指出奥陶系白云质灰岩岩溶裂隙水为本区二1煤层充水的重要因素之一,并对断裂构造、地表水体、封闭钻孔对二1煤层开采的影响进行了分析。     

阳泉西环高速公路沿线地质特征及地质灾害影响评估

在对研究区地质资料进行系统分析和野外实际调查的基础上,运用构造地质学、矿物岩石学及工程地质学,对该公路沿线地质特性进行了详细研究,总结了沿线地质灾害类型,对存在的地质灾害现状进行了评估,并对评估区进行了分区。研究结果对线路的施工及地质灾害防治等具有指导意义。     

沙颍河流域（河南段）地下水污染现状及防治

阐述了沙颍河地表水环境质量、浅层地下水污染现状,对污染程度进行了分析,同时对地下水水质进行了评价,并对浅层地下水变化趋势进行了分析,提出了相应的防治措施。     

用数字地震资料探测上地幔深部间断面的研究

对利用数字地震波形资料探测上地幔深部间断面的研究进行了综述,并特别对利用宽频带资料的研究结果进行了介绍。在对80年代以来的研究状况进行概述的基础上,对目前存在的困难进行了分析。     

河南省南阳盆地地下水污染现状及防治对策

本文阐述了河南省南阳盆地浅层地下水污染现状,对污染程度进行了评价,同时对南阳盆地内地下水水质进行了计算与评价.并对浅层地下水污染趋势进行了分析,提出了相应的防治措施.     

小湾水电站进水口边坡稳定性可靠性分析及其应用

结合已有试验数据对断层抗剪强度参数进行了统计分析,采用蒙特卡罗法对小湾水电站进水口边坡的稳定性进行可靠性分析.结果表明了蒙特卡罗法在进水口边坡稳定可靠性分析中的适用性;进而以小湾水电站进水口边坡为算例,对其抗剪强度参数的统计量进行了敏感性分析,说明了对小湾水电站进水口边坡稳定性进行可靠性分析的必要性,对可靠性理论在岩土工程中的应用进行了有益的尝试.     

铁矿开采对脖子梁副坝安全运行的影响

马道子铁矿位于潘家口水库脖子梁副坝东侧约160 m,铁矿开采是否会对副坝的安全运行产生影响是一个非常重要的课题。首先,采用三维激光扫描仪对研究区地形进行了大比例尺的测绘,建立了三维地质模型;然后,采用回弹仪、点荷载仪对岩块强度进行了力学测试,同时在井下进行了节理裂隙统计。在此基础上,运用RMR分级系统对围岩质量进行了分级,确定出了围岩的强度指标。其次,运用FLAC-3D对铁矿开采引发的地表移动规律进行了预测研究。最后,采用Visual Modflow对脖子梁副坝渗流场进行了模拟分析。研究成果表明,只要马道子铁矿按照设计要求进行开采,就不会对脖子梁副坝安全运行造成影响。     

贵州六盘水地区煤层气勘探反思

本文对贵州六盘水地区煤层气勘探开发前景进行了分析、对勘探历史进行了回顾,对煤层气勘探受挫原因进行了浅析.指出针对薄弱技术环节进行改进,六盘水地区煤层气勘探可望取得突破.     

断层的大地电磁响应的研究

对 Ｔ Ｅ极化和 Ｔ Ｍ 极化情况下高阻和低阻基底垂直断层进行了研究,首先从理论上对断层的 Ｔ Ｅ极化的 Ｍ Ｔ电磁响应进行了数学推导,得到了解析表达式。对四种情况进行了编程计算,得到了大量图件,然后对图件进行了详细分析,总结出了断层的 Ｍ Ｔ 响应的诸多特征,最后指出了如何应用于 Ｍ Ｔ 资料的解释中。     

华北平原水资源紧缺情势与因源

基于水资源可持续利用理念,从水资源承载能力演化周期性、经济社会需用水规模难变性和未来水资源供需关系入手,介绍近60年以来华北平原水资源情势,特别是该平原水资源量、实际用水量和地下水开采量变化特征,并结合未来10到30年区域经济社会发展需用水量趋势,识别和诊断华北平原水资源紧缺因源。结果表明：由于降水量减少导致华北平原缺水（自然资源性缺水）占该平原总缺水量的15.1%~16.4%;因管理缺陷导致水资源浪费的缺水（管理性缺水）占22.1%~24.2%;人口数量和经济社会发展规模过大导致用水量超过区域水资源承载力的缺水（政策性缺水）占59.3%~62.5%。自然资源性、管理性以及政策性缺水的解决对策不同：自然资源性缺水是不依人的意志为转移的,惟有从外域适量调水才能解决;管理性缺水可通过社会文明进步和科技进步不断修正;政策性缺水宜因势利导进行经济社会布局和产业结构调整,特别是限制高耗低效用水产业。即使南水北调工程70.3×108m3/a水进入华北平原,该平原地下水超采情势也难以得到根本性扭转。有新增水源调入或华北平原严控生活和工业用水量,同时大幅压减农业用水量,因势利导优化和逐步调整经济社会布局和产业结构,特别是灌溉农业进行规模化减蒸、降耗、节水的改造,将是缓解华北平原地下水超采和水资源紧缺的根本所在。     

西南峰丛山区分散供水模式及存在的问题

西南峰丛区居民主要采用溶井、水柜与水窖三种模式进行分散式供水,其水源分别来自地下河、岩溶泉及雨水。水柜供水适用于有使用价值的泉水出露的峰丛山区,溶井供水主要适用于有竖井的峰丛洼地底部及溶丘谷地边缘,水窖供水多用于地势较高、地表垂向岩溶极为发育、仅有雨水可供利用的峰丛山区。在大量调查与实际工程基础上,本文分别对三种供水模式的设计思路、设计参数与施工中的注意事项进行了详细论述,并给出了分散供水模式的设计示意图。分散供水目前存在的主要问题是选址布局不合理、设计与施工不科学以及水质安全得不到保障,对分散供水工程进行储水、供水与水处理一体化优化设计是保障水质安全的可靠手段。      

Research on Migration Features of Salt-Fresh Water Interface on the North China Plain

Underground water is the important water resources for the North China Plain, but due to long-time exhaustive exploitation, a series of problems about environmental geology including salt water migration appears. The salt groundwater that distributed widely moved downward vertically, triggering a strong impact on the water supply safety in this area; simultaneously, its large storage capacity brought great resources potential. Thus it had practical guiding significance to develop research on migration of salt-fresh water interface in the North China Plain and discuss the space distribution and migration features for improvement of groundwater environment and mitigation of water resource shortage status. This paper described migration features of salt-fresh water interface through changes in boundary line of salt water and fresh water and vertical interface of salt water and found out major causes for migration of salt-fresh water interface in the area were water level difference between salt water and fresh water area, saline concentration difference in salt water and fresh water, stratigraphic structure and artificial skylight based on analysis on the influence factors     

灌区水资源合理配置研究进展

灌区水资源合理配置是提高灌区水资源利用效率及保障粮食安全的重要途径,也是实现灌区水资源可持续利用的有效调控措施。从灌区水资源管理政策、水资源循环转化规律、水资源优化配置模型与方法和水文生态4个方面,对国内外该领域的研究现状进行了对比分析。研究发现,国内灌区水资源配置主要存在4个方面的问题:水资源合理配置与保护政策落实不到位、水资源的统一管理机制不健全、水资源优化配置模型实用性不强和水资源优化配置基础条件较为薄弱。建议加强灌区水资源的统一管理政策与机制、变化环境下水资源循环转化规律、水资源承载力基础理论与评价新方法、水文生态调控技术、水资源实时风险调度与智能化管理技术以及水资源优化配置耦合技术研究。     

甘肃省地下水资源衰减与短缺解决对策建议

随着经济社会快速发展,针对现有水源地保护中暴露出的问题,结合地下水资源简要分析提出：结合流域性自然生态恢复与保护,对地下水、地表水水源地实施流域性保护区划分,以保证水源地利用的永久性和持续性,杜绝污染水体作用,并在一定程度上提高水资源总量利用率。在未来社会中,甘肃省地下水资源衰减与短缺需依赖于加大拦蓄地表水以下渗补给,城市集中式供水结构普遍转向以地下水、地表水供水并举,或以地表水供水为主,减少地下水开采,不排除跨流域调水补充等措施。     

Water use at Luxor,Egypt: consumption analysis and future demand forecasting

Water resources in Egypt are becoming scarce and the demand for clean drinking water supply is one of the most important priorities of the Egyptian government in recent years. Analyzing water use and future demand forecasting is a primitive clue for water demand management. Water in Luxor is used for agricultural, residential, institutional, commercial, and touristic purposes. The results of water use analysis indicated that for the time period from 1983 to 2012, agriculture is the highest consumer of water which reached about 94.76–97.38 % followed by residential water consumption (1.90–3.05 %), institutional water consumption (0.71–1.75 %), and touristic water consumption (0.02–0.43 %), respectively. The future demand forecasting results revealed that the present situation may continue to rise in the next 50 years which will increase the water demand with a water deficit ranging between 15 and 114 MCM/year. To fill the gap between the present water consumption and future residential, institutional, commercial, and touristic water demand, additional municipal facilities, and improvement and management of water supply/demand are needed. To cope with the predicted future water demand, it is recommended to improve the on-farm irrigation, reduce the demand for irrigation water, rationalize the irrigation water use, and enhance the integrated role of water users in integrated water resources management.     

Brief Talk of Groundwater Resources in Role of Rural Drinking Water Safety and Construction of City Emergency Water Source

With respect to underground water as a component of water resources, this Paper, by analyzing the distribution, development and utilization of underground water resources in Zhejiang Province, brings forth the advices on setup of underground-water-based emergency water source in various cities in Zhejiang Province in accordance with the principle for selection of underground-water-based emergency water sources for the purpose of properly strengthen the protection of drinking water source (including underground water) in rural areas and properly setting up the emergency water sources in urban areas, so as to provide the scientific basis for protection of water supply security in rural and urban areas.     

Possibilities for water conservation in Bulgaria

The drought during the last 10 years in Bulgaria caused the interruption of water supply to more than 70% of the population of the country. Investigations on recent water demand showed that the role of water losses and irrational use so considerable that existing water resources became inqdequate. Bringing new water to existing supply systems is connected with considerable investments, time, and controversy. Water conservation could solve some water supply problems by providing more reasonable water consumption and additional time for development of new resources. In this paper the possibilities for reducing water use in Bulgaria and the need for developing a national conservation program are discussed. An analysis of the variables which effect water use is performed. The reasons for the water losses and using more than the necessary water quantities are discussed. Developing of water-use efficiency standards for plumbing fixtures and conservation-oriented water rates and measures are proposed.     

Evaluation of sustainable water supply alternatives in karstified rock masses using GIS and AHP methodology for Antalya (Turkey) urban area

The demand for water by growing populations and agricultural operations in the Antalya urban area is expected to increase significantly in the near future. For that reason, alternative water sources are important to the future of Antalya. There are a large number of water sources around Antalya to meet the water needs of the city. These are classified as surface water, groundwater, and reclaimed water. One of the options considered is the provision of water from rock pores. Rock pore water has been adopted as a potential alternative for water resources in the area. It is proposed to drill horizontal galleries using the microtunnel machine to the rock masses in carbonate aquifers to obtain new water resources. This study presents a useful method to find water supply alternatives for urban areas like Antalya. In this study, karstified rock masses have been evaluated for the karst hydrosystems and water source from rock pores using geographic information systems and analytical hierarchy process. Additionally, this study discusses the practical value of the provision of water from rock pores, as well as the possibility of application and selection of potential areas.     

Status and challenges of water pollution problems in China: learning from the European experience

This paper provides a review of the water environment problems faced in China and a comparison with the European experience in dealing with such issues, with an attempt to emphasize the challenges in China. The paper also summarizes various studies in China to highlight the severity of water pollution problems faced by regulators, polluters and the general public. China’s water situation can be characterized by insufficient quantities of water, uneven distribution of water spatially and temporally, as well as poor water quality. Water pollution in China has spread from point source to non-point source, from fresh water to coastal water, and from surface water to groundwater. From the management and technological experience from EU, including water framework directive, water price system, desalination and groundwater recharge technologies, and from the analysis of water environment problems and management system in two regions, we could come to the conclusion that water price, water market and water tax could be introduced to China for water environment regulations. Moreover, it is necessary to establish a reliable risk assessment system for water quality, human health and ecological safety.