辽宁瓦房店地区金刚石航磁调查飞行方法探讨

笔者通过分析研究以往航磁测量在辽宁瓦房店地区开展金伯利岩勘探的效果,根据金伯利岩勘探的基本要求,提出了利用航磁在该区开展金伯利岩调查的一些关键测量参数的选择方法,以此来提高寻找金伯利岩的可能性,为今后利用航磁开展金伯利岩的调查工作提供一定的借鉴。     

俄罗斯雅库特地区拿垦金伯利岩矿区地球化学特征

通过对俄罗斯雅库特地区拿垦金伯利岩矿区的水系沉积物、土壤、钻孔岩心进行不同规模的地球化学测量,根据区内圆形构造及金伯利岩指示元素Cr、Co、Sr、Zr、Y的分布特征圈出金伯利岩指示元素次生晕异常,证实了地球化学方法寻找深层隐伏金伯利岩管的可行性。     

辽南瓦房店地区袁家沟金刚石原生矿找矿前景分析

通过对瓦房店袁家沟地区地质特征、遥感影像特征、物探异常特征、化探异常特征和重砂金伯利岩副矿物特征的综合分析,发现上述特征与头道沟矿区十分相似.特别值得关注的是近期辽宁省第六地质大队首次提出的金伯利岩墙成矿概念,打破了传统的金刚石岩管成矿的说法,对金刚石的成因、赋存规律有了新的认识,扩大了隐伏矿的找矿空间.通过总结袁家沟地区成矿规律,分析找矿前景,认为在袁家沟地区有望实现金刚石原生矿找矿突破,并具有找寻隐伏矿的巨大潜力.     

辽宁省瓦房店金伯利岩矿区构造特征及其控矿作用

辽宁省瓦房店地区是中国著名的金刚石矿产地之一,矿床类型属于金伯利岩型金刚石矿床。通过研究区域构造背景,结合最新项目研究成果,将辽南瓦房店金伯利岩矿区构造演化过程划分为7个构造旋回,讨论辽宁省瓦房店地区不同构造旋回的特征及对金伯利岩的影响,得出加里东期近东西向构造控制着辽南金伯利岩的产生及成矿作用。燕山期断裂构造对金伯利岩的展布起控制作用,认为本区金伯利岩的成矿阶段可由古生代延至中生代。     

AMT在印尼某铁矿区勘查中的应用

以印尼某铁矿区为例,说明AMT法寻找隐伏铁矿的有效性。配合磁法,利用AMT法的低阻体圈定隐伏磁铁矿,为钻孔设计及矿山开发提供了物探依据,在国际化的商业勘查中取得了良好的勘探效果。     

物探在金伯利岩型原生金刚石矿勘查中的应用——以辽宁瓦房店金刚石矿田为例

辽宁瓦房店金刚石矿田是我国重要的金伯利岩型金刚石矿集区.为了更好地发挥物探在该区寻找金刚石矿的作用,对以往物探工作程度、使用的方法、取得的成果进行了系统梳理.通过总结发现,地面磁测在圈定浅地表金伯利岩体中发挥了重要作用;在寻找深部隐伏金伯利岩体时,音频大地电磁测量、井中物探发挥了重要作用;在研究金刚石矿控矿因素等问题时,1∶5万区域重力测量、大地电磁剖面测量发挥了重要作用.总之,物探是瓦房店矿田金刚石矿勘查中的重要组成部分,合理的方法组合能够解决相应的地质问题.     

辽南金伯利岩的磁异常特征

根据1:2.5万航磁资料,分析和总结了辽南已知金伯利岩矿田区的区域磁场特征,同时对该区区域地质构造状况作了相应的对比解释;以本区两大典型金伯利岩管kb42和kb50为例,阐述了本区表露型金伯利岩管的航磁及地磁异常分布特征、岩管产出状态与磁异常的对应关系;通过kb3-2隐伏金伯利岩体的航磁及地磁异常反映,阐述了隐伏金伯利岩体的低缓磁异常特征,并进一步证实了高精度磁测工作的有效性。     

高精度航磁在辽宁瓦房店地区金刚石调查中的应用

辽宁瓦房店地区是我国重要的金刚石矿集区,成矿母岩以金伯利岩为主.本文基于瓦房店地区1∶1万高精度航磁资料,结合区域地质背景、岩石磁性特征,对金伯利岩的航磁异常特征进行了分析、总结,发现金伯利岩体展布方向和形态主要受NEE向和NE向断裂控制,磁性一般较强,与围岩的磁性差异较大,对应NEE向孤立航磁异常,形态多为椭圆状,异...     

辽宁省瓦房店地区金刚石原生矿找矿信息研究

瓦房店地区位于辽宁省南部,是中国重要的金刚石产区.从20世纪70年代发现金伯利岩以来,该区已发现111个金伯利岩脉(管),原生金刚石矿储量占全国总储量的一半以上.经过多年开采,金刚石探明储量逐渐减少,急需寻找新的资源.文章在总结以往找矿成果的基础上,对航磁、遥感影像、区域重力、化探、重砂资料,进行找矿信息综合分析,提出了新的工作思路,确定了新的找矿靶区.     

三维地质构造综合调查在辽宁瓦房店金刚石矿深部找矿中的应用

辽宁省瓦房店地区金刚石成矿带是我国非常重要的金伯利岩型原生金刚石矿产区,该区已发现100多个金伯利岩体,探明的金刚石矿资源储量占全国的一半以上。区内影响金伯利岩体形态的主要因素是断裂构造,岩浆侵位时断裂构造控制了岩体形态,成矿后断裂构造对岩体形态进行了改造。逆冲推覆构造是影响区内金伯利岩体形态的最主要断裂构造。本文运用三维地质构造综合调查方法,以三维地质构造填图为基础,以研究区重点构造(逆冲推覆构造)为框架,以物探资料、钻孔资料为深部约束条件,以50号金伯利岩管为重点研究对象,基于3D Mine矿业工程软件平台,利用数字化地学信息建立工作区三维地质模型的工作过程和取得的成果。通过此次工作,证实了区内存在逆冲推覆构造,解释了部分金伯利岩体向下延深不大或突然消失的原因,提出了50号金伯利岩管SEE方向推覆构造面下盘可作为重点勘查区的认识,为瓦房店地区下一步金刚石找矿工作部署提供了依据。     

CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。     

Geography in general education in Nigeria

This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics, students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students. The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs.     

Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal

Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates. In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005. The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and natural systems.     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。     

地下水环境中的硫代砷研究进展

硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。     

花岗岩地区地下水水文地质特征分析

通过对泰安市岱岳区花岗岩地区地下水的形成条件、地下水类型、分布状况、水文地质特征以及地下水补给、径流、排泄条件的分析,指出了花岗岩地区供水方向。     

Recent advances in aquaculture in Japan

Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry.     

Some Measurements of Radon in Soils and in Stream-Water in County Durham

Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters.     

内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究

为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。