天津蓟县雾迷山旋回层基本模式及其马尔柯夫链分析

津蓟县的中元古界雾迷山组,是一套碳酸盐岩地层,具近似对称相序组构的环潮坪型碳酸盐米级旋回层序特别以育。其近似对称的相序组构及普遍的1：4叠加形态,表明它们与短偏心率旋回具有成因关联,被命名为雾迷山旋回层来代表真正的碳酸盐沉积旋回。雾迷山旋回层是与高频率产面变化相关的环境加深及环境变浅过程的产物。马尔柯夫链分析的结果表明了雾迷山旋回层的基本相序模式是客观存在的,由于它们以瞬时暴露间断面为界,因而与Vail等（1977）的层序地层概念体系中所定义的“准层序”存在明显的差异。尽管难以断定前寒武纪地球轨道效应旋回的周期安全与显生宙一致,但是,七级韵律层、六级旋回层及五级准层序组之间的垂直叠置形态,以及由它们所指示的周期时限,与显生宙温室效应时期的轨道效应旋回周期是大体一致的。     

雾迷山旋回层的费希尔图解及其在定义前寒武纪三级海平面变化中的应用

天津蓟县剖面的中元古界雾迷山组是一套厚 3 3 0 0m的碳酸盐岩地层 ,其中广泛发育叠层石生物层及凝块石生物丘。这些生物层及生物丘与潮坪相白云岩和砂泥质白云岩一起构成具有近似对称相序组构的环潮坪型碳酸盐米级旋回层序 ,将其命名为“雾迷山旋回层”。这些旋回层常由泻湖相白云质泥页岩覆盖 ,在其顶常发育古土壤层 ,由此而表明雾迷山旋回层的界面多为瞬时暴露间断面。根据雾迷山旋回层在长周期三级层序中的有序叠加形式 ,可在雾迷山组中识别出 2 6个Ⅲ级层序 ,它们还可进一步归为 6个Ⅱ级层序。为了进一步研究三级海平面的变化幅度和Ⅲ级层序的大致形成时限 ,在露头发育良好的雾迷山组中上部共识别出 62 6个旋回层 ;考虑到雾迷山组的总体厚度 ( 3 3 0 0m)及其大致的总体形成时限 ( 10 3± 2 0Ma左右 ) ,可假定雾迷山组沉积期的总体地壳沉降速率为 2～ 4m/ 10万a。在上述假定的基础上 ,运用费希尔图解来估算三级海平面的变化幅度。     

雾迷山旋回层的基本相序模式—兼论其马尔柯夫链分析及在长周期三级层序中的有序叠加形式

天津蓟县剖面的中元古界雾迷山组是一套厚达3300m、形成时限近亿年(1310±20Ma,?1207±10Ma)的碳酸盐岩地层。在该套地层中,具近似对称相序组构的环潮坪型碳酸盐米级旋回层序特别发育。其近似对称的相序组构,以及普遍的1:4叠加形态,表明它们与短偏心率旋回具有成因关联,被形象地命名为雾迷山旋回层,用来代表真正的碳酸盐沉积旋回。总的来讲,构成叠层石生物层及凝块石生物丘的厚层块状灰质白云岩及白云质灰岩组成旋回层之中部,其上和下则为潮坪相白云岩及砂泥质白云岩,旋回层之顶为具古土壤层帽的泻湖相白云质泥页岩,最终形成一个类似于生物礁相序的近对称     

雾迷山旋回层:米级旋回的一个特例

作为地层堆积作用的"间断—加积旋回"机制的产物,"米级旋回"的完整定义代表了旋回地层学进入地层学实践的主流,因为米级旋回的形成可以运用米兰柯维奇旋回得到合理的解释。作为特殊的环潮坪型碳酸盐米级旋回——"雾迷山旋回层",因其罕见的近似对称的相序组构可以替代"洛菲尔旋回层(Lofer cyclothem)",成为旋回性碳酸盐沉积作用的表征,从而进一步成为前寒武纪巨厚叠层石碳酸盐序列中地层结构的标志。因此,"雾迷山旋回层"不但作为碳酸盐米级旋回的特别实例,而且蕴含着较为明显的米兰柯维奇旋回属性,同时进一步说明了米级旋回可以成为层序地层学概念体系中欠完整性的"副层序"的替代物。     

宇地系统场沉积响应范例：蓟县系雾迷山巨旋回层序及节律

燕辽拗拉谷盆地是一个具有全球性对比意义的典型碳酸盐岩盆地。文中提出建立雾迷山亚系和相应统的划分方案,并指出蓟县系雾迷山亚系（MPSSⅡ）时期,属于盆地巨旋回的造礁沉积平衡补偿形成阶段,沉降幅度和沉积厚度巨大,发育有代表不同沉积环境的多种类型叠层石,在层序上构成明显的沉积韵律,并显示出受米兰科维奇周期、小行星云周期和银道面周期控制形成的不同级次的宇地系统沉积旋回韵律。同时,由于山海关古陆的周期性隆升作用,导致由热水硅质形成的燧石层和由红色物源输入形成的不同级次沉积层序,更为宇地系统控制层序的周期性增添了色彩。总之,蓟县系雾迷山期巨旋回是受宇地系统场控制成因的沉积响应的典范。科学探索与实践证明只有建立宇宙观的地球科学领域,才能不断地开拓地球科学研究的新视野。     

蓟县地区雾迷山组风暴硅质岩沉积序列

从岩石学和沉积学方面对蓟县雾迷山组硅质岩沉积序列的研究表明,蓟县雾迷山组硅质岩沉积为典型的风暴沉积.蓟县雾迷山组广泛发育风暴沉积,在硅质条带状白云岩中发育的硅质砾屑具奇特的菊花状构造,这种构造形成于成岩作用后期,在岩石尚未完全固结成坚硬的岩石时期,遭遇风暴破坏,将原有的水平层理打碎,继而被风暴流搅起,风暴流的涡动使得岩石碎片或直立,或呈发散状,后经成岩作用保留了这种构造形态,与上下岩层形成典型的风暴沉积序列.通过野外与镜下观察并结合有机地球化学分析得出,蓟县地区雾迷山组硅质岩来源于海底热水活动.风暴硅质岩有两种沉积环境,对于异地搬运再沉积的风暴硅质岩,其沉积环境为潮上坪低能环境,即开阔台地中的泛溢沉积;而对于原地型的风暴硅质岩,其沉积环境应该是潮间带,因此推测其沉积环境为碳酸盐岩台地前缘斜坡.     

燕山冀北凹陷雾迷山组沉积相研究

在收集前人及野外采集资料基础上,利用薄片鉴定、岩石密度分析,对冀北坳陷中新元古界雾迷山组的岩石类型与特征、沉积相标志、剖面相研究了其沉积相类型。结果认为研究区属于典型的陆表海碳酸盐台地沉积环境,根据岩性及叠层石特征可细分为潮下、潮间和潮上带。其中一、二段由近35个小型韵律层组成了一个完整的由海侵到海退的沉积序列,具有自潮下至潮间再至潮上的潮坪相为主的沉积样式,为典型的雾迷山韵律沉积。第三段小型叠层石只见于三段的下部,而从第12层开始出现大型叠层石。第四段灰质白云岩中含沥青质块体,层理一般平直,或微波状,有时可见斜层理和波痕,为潮间带一潮下带沉积。     

天津蓟县中元古界雾迷山组复合海平面变化旋回层序的初步研究

天津蓟县中元古界雾迷山组为一套厚３０００ 余米的碳酸盐岩地层,叠层石生物层和凝块石生物丘特别发育。它们与潮坪相泥晶白云岩和泥质白云岩构成具对称相序组构的环潮坪型碳酸盐米级旋回层序。米级旋回层序之顶覆以厚度不等的澲湖相白云质泥页岩。常常３ ～５ 个米级旋回层序呈有序叠加构成五级准层序组,少数米级旋回层序还可识别出５ 个七级韵律层而呈现出１∶５ 的叠加关系。因此,七级韵律层、米级旋回层和五级准层序组分别与岁差旋回、短偏心率旋回、长偏心率旋回间存在有成因联系。根据米级旋回层序在长周期层序中的有序垂直叠加形式,在雾迷山组中可识别出２６ 个三级层序,进一步归为６ 个二级层序。     

辽西凌源地区雾迷山组沉积特征与层序地层

依据野外露头等资料,对辽西凌源地区雾迷山组地层进行了详细的沉积相分析,按陆表海潮汐作用将雾迷山组沉积环境分为潮上、潮间和潮下3个相带,建立了雾迷山组的沉积模式。在沉积相研究的基础上,结合层序界面特征,对雾迷山组层序进行了探讨,划分出4个二级层序和22个三级层序,系统地阐述了每个层序的岩石、构造及体系域等特征。层序界面主要以浅水环境(特别是含暴露标志)的沉积物及沉积构造作为识别标志,其中SQ1为Ⅰ型层序,Ⅱ型层序则较为发育,SQ2-SQ22都为Ⅱ型层序。研究区雾迷山期处于浅水陆表海沉积环境,沉积体系域以海进体系域和高水位体系域为主,普遍缺少低水位体系域或陆棚边缘体系域,同时,也不具备形成凝缩层的环境,以最大海泛面沉积物与深海中的凝缩层相对应。     

冀北雾迷山组岩石密度特征及沉积环境研究

根据冀北地区雾迷山组611件岩石样品的密度数据,进行了岩性密度的统计分析,建立了密度大小与沉积环境的关系,再通过密度的空间分布,探讨了冀北地区雾迷山组沉积环境的空间变化特征。通过这一实例,说明了岩石物性参数可以定量地研究沉积环境,能够成为地质环境研究的一个有用工具。     

Basic Lithofacies-Succession Model for the Wumishan Cyclothems: Their Markov Chain Analysis and Regularly Vertical Stacking Patterns in the Third-Order Sequences

The Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation in the Jixian section of Tianjin is a succession of 3300-m-thick carbonate strata formed in a period of about 100 Ma (1310±20 Ma-1207±10 Ma). In this succession of strata, the carbonate metre-scale cyclic sequences belonging to peritidal type with an approximately symmetrical lithofacies-succession are best developed. The wide development of 1:4 stacking patterns shows that these metre-scale cyclic sequences are genetically related to the short-eccentricity cycles, which are called the Wumishan cyclothems that could truly represent sedimentary cycles. Generally, massive and thick-bedded calcareous dolomites and dolomitic limestones of stromatolite biostromes and thrombolite bioherms constitute the central part of the Wumishan cyclothems. The lower and upper parts consist of tidal flat dolostones, sandy-muddy dolostone and the top part is composed of lagoonal facies dolomitic shales with a paleosol cap. Therefore, an approximately symmetrical lithofacies-successio     

Fischer Plots of Wumishan Cyclothems,Precambrian Records of Third-OrderSea-Level Changes

INTRODUCTIONThe Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation in Jixian,Tianjin is a succession of 3 300 m thick carbonate strata (Fig.1) where stromatolite biostromes and thrombolite bioherms arebest developed. The formation period of Wumishan Formation,about 100 Ma ((310120) Ma, (l 2071 10) Ma. Wang et al.,1995), is categorized as the Ectasian period of the Mesoproterozoic. Varieties of stromatolites in Wumishan Formation,such as Pseudogymnosolen mopanyuense, Scyphus parous,Conophoton conse…     

Molar‐Tooth Structure from the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation in Lingyuan,Yanshan Region,North China,and Geological Implications

Although its origin has not yet reached a consensus so far, MTS (Molar-Tooth Structure) has been documented for more than 100 years. Current study reports a discovery of MTS from the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation, Lingyuan, Yanshan Region, North China, and the features and geological implications of MTS are further discussed. Here, straitigraphic horizons of MTS’s occurrences show that it was mainly located within the top part of the Wumishan Formation, i.e., limestone unit. Four kinds of morphology of MTS, i.e., fine fusiform, debris, ribbon, ptigmatic and nodular (irregular), were recognized and thought to be highly related to the sedimentary environments and facies. Geochemistry of MTS including oxides, trace elements and C, O and Sr isotopes indicates that the horizons of MTS-bearing is of higher Sr/Ba and Ca/Mg ratios, lower positive δ13C and highly negative δ18O values than the adjacent stratigraphic levels of rare MTS. Lithology, morphology and geochemistry of MTS in the Wumishan Formation suggest that MTS occurs mainly in shallow subtidal near the storm wave base, which is typically characterized by warm temperature, oversaturated calcium carbonate seawater and high organic productivity. Furthermore, occasional enrichment of algae bacteria here is more favorable for the calcification of calcium oozes and catalytic for MTS. C isotope composition of the Wumishan Formation and MTS of this study is well correlated with that of the Mesoproterozoic Belt Supergroup, North America and Riphean, Siberia, suggesting that MTS acts as a sedimentary record responding to global changes and is a perfect indicator in Precambrian stratigraphic correlation worldwide.     

天津蓟县中元古界雾迷山组微指状叠层石及其对1250 Ma±叠层石衰减事件的响应

天津蓟县中元古界雾迷山组是一套厚度超过3000,m的叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列,在该序列中潮下相叠层石生物层、凝块石生物丘与潮坪相泥晶白云岩、潟湖相白云质泥页岩一起构成若干个环潮坪型米级旋回——"雾迷山旋回层"。在雾迷山组下部发育微指状叠层石,并被古生物学家定义为"Pseudogymnosolen mo-panyuensis-Scuphus-Yangzhuang columnaris"组合,即假裸枝叠层石科叠层石,沉积学家将其解释为元古代文石(灰华)海底沉淀物所构成的叠层石,代表从太古代海底结壳状文石沉淀物组成的叠层石到新元古代碎屑结构相的泥晶碳酸盐岩叠层石过渡时期的特殊产物。因此,雾迷山组巨厚的叠层石碳酸盐岩沉积序列,记录了元古代文石(灰华)海底沉淀物所构成的特殊的叠层石大规模消亡的层位,为研究前寒武纪以叠层石为代表的微生物碳酸盐岩所经历的漫长而复杂的地质历史演变提供了宝贵的材料。     

Sedimentary Features and Their Implications of Microdigital Stromatolites from the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation at the Jixian Section in North China

<正>The Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation at the Jixian section in Tianjin is a set of more than 3000-m-thick stromatolitic carbonate succession.In this succession,several lithofacies units,that is,the subtidal stromatolitic biostrome,the thrombolitic bioherm,tidal-flat micritic dolomite and lagoon dolomitic shale,make up many meter-scale cycles of the peritidal carbonate type that have been nominated as the Wumishan cycles.Importantly,many microdigital stromatolites make up the stromatolitic biostrome unit of the Wumishan cycles in the lower part of the Wumishan Formation. These microdigital stromatolites have been grouped as a stromatolitic assemblage by paleontologists, that is,"Pseudogymnosolen mopanyuensis-Scuphus-Yangzhuang columnaris"assemblage.These microdigital stromatolites had also been interpreted as the aragonite(tufa) sea-floor precipitates by sedimentologists,and has further been thought as the special products of the transitional period from the sea-floor aragonite precipitates of the Archean to the clastic and muddy carbonates of the Neoproterozoic.Although there are some restrictions for the stratigraphic meaning of the concept of the stromatolitic assemblage,detailed studies on classification by paleontologists provide an important clue to understand the sedimentological meaning of the microdigital stromatolites.Furthermore,an important and obvious horizon for the end of the microdigital stromatolites was recorded in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation at the Jixian section,which provides useful information to understand the stromatolite decline occurred at c.1250 Ma and the evolving carbonate world of the Precambrian.     

北京西山地区雾迷山组风暴硅岩沉积序列

北京西山地区雾迷山组发育硅质条带白云岩，在硅质条带中发育典型的风暴硅岩沉积。风暴硅岩砾屑具菊花状构造和底模构造，与上下围岩形成典型的风暴序列。该序列从底部至顶部可划分为五个单元。每个单元分别代表正常天气至风暴天气再至正常天气的沉积特征。研究认为，风暴硅岩为在风暴流的影响下近源快速堆积的产物，并建立了风暴硅岩的沉积模式。     

燕山地区中新元古界高于庄组和雾迷山组风暴沉积特征分析

燕山地区中、新元古界高于庄组和雾迷山组地层发育典型的风暴沉积,主要有砂砾屑白云岩和灰岩、风暴硅岩、泥晶白云岩、含硅质条带白云岩和藻叠层白云岩5种岩石类型,砾屑放射状构造、底模构造、冲刷构造、丘状交错层理和波状层理等5种沉积构造。在野外剖面和岩心观察的基础上,根据风暴沉积的岩石学特征、沉积构造类型、规模和组合特点,并结合区域沉积背景分析,在辽宁凌源地区雾迷山组识别出一个标准的5单元垂向沉积序列。通过野外和室内的观察、分析和研究认为,研究区风暴岩形成于碳酸盐台地相中水体较浅的潮间环境。该风暴岩的发现对重建燕山地区中新元古界古地理及区域地层对比具有重要意义。