新疆和硕县包尔图一带花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

新疆和硕县包尔图一带地处中天山中段,花岗岩十分发育。包尔图北侧的乌苏通沟岩体属于北天山,为一套中酸性侵入岩,矿物组合显示其为典型的钙碱性火山弧花岗岩,地球化学特征显示富集大离子亲石元素而亏损高场强元素,是洋壳俯冲导致的下地壳物质部分熔融和上地壳同化混染的产物,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年结果为（358.9±3.5）Ma,说明乌苏通沟岩体形成于泥盆纪末—早石炭世早期,是北天山洋向中天山陆块之下俯冲的产物,且是泥盆纪俯冲事件的最新地质记录。包尔图南侧的红山岩体属于南天山,是一套酸性侵入岩,矿物共生组合显示出钙碱性同碰撞花岗岩的特征,岩相学特征显示岩浆混合的典型特征,岩石地球化学特征显示Ta、Nb不同程度的贫化,说明该侵入体是陆壳增厚的产物,代表了一次重要的陆壳垂直生长事件,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年结果为（295.8±1.2）Ma,说明红山岩体侵位于石炭纪末—早二叠世早期。包尔图一带花岗岩分别记录了南、北天山2次重要的地质事件,为研究天山地区的构造演化提供了重要的依据。     

中天山晚奥陶世碰撞造山:来自变质花岗岩地球化学及年代学证据

中天山包尔图一带发育一套变质变形的花岗岩,属钙碱性系列,其具有较高的Hf和Th含量,而Li、Nb和Ta的含量低;稀土总量中等,具中等铕负异常,稀土配分模式曲线为V型曲线;显示出加里东型I型花岗岩、同碰撞花岗岩的特征。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年获得了1207±87Ma、455.6±1.8Ma和433±19Ma 3组年龄,其中1207±87Ma代表了碎屑锆石的年龄,说明包尔图一带存在元古宙古老基底;455.6±1.8Ma代表了包尔图岩体的侵位年龄,代表了北天山洋与中天山陆块早古生代一次重要碰撞造山事件;433±19Ma则代表了包尔图岩体侵入岩的后期变质改造年龄,说明早志留世中天山发生过一次变质作用。这次研究的成果对揭示中天山地区的构造演化有着重要的意义。     

内蒙古北山地区小红山钒钛磁铁矿区双峰式侵入岩——岩石学、年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

对内蒙古北山地区小红山钒钛磁铁矿区内侵入岩的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩地球化学资研究显示,该岩体岩性为辉长岩和花岗岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明成岩年龄分别为431.1±2.4 Ma和424.9±2.3 Ma,形成时代相近,属同一构造岩浆作用事件. 该套侵入岩的SiO₂含量呈双峰式,稀土、微量元素特征表明它们具有岛弧岩浆岩地球化学特征,其源区可能受到了俯冲流体交代作用的影响. 地球化学特征指示小红山花岗岩源于下地壳物质在高温条件下的部分熔融,辉长岩为富集地幔部分熔融的产物. 结合区域地质背景及构造判别,认为小红山中晚志留世双峰式岩浆组合是北山洋南向俯冲诱导大陆边缘伸展环境下的产物.     

新疆北阿尔泰造山带早古生代花岗岩类侵入序列及其构造意义

新疆阿尔泰早古生代造山带侵入岩占构造带面积50％以上,近年大量高精度SHRIMP和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学资料反映其构造属性为奥陶纪碰撞前序列和中志留-早泥盆世后碰撞序列.碰撞前序列岩石组合为(石英)闪长岩-英云闪长岩/奥长花岗岩/花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩序列,类似TTG组合,锆石U-Pb同位素年龄峰值为450～ 465Ma.后碰撞由二长花岗岩-正长花岗岩及少量碱长花岗岩组成,属于广义的GG组合,同位素年龄峰值390～ 415Ma.前者主要分布在中南部,后者主要分布中北部,分布的极性显示俯冲带在南侧.而区域南侧的阿尔曼太蛇绿岩带同位素年龄与北阿尔泰奥陶纪碰撞前序列时代相同,本文推测该蛇绿岩带与北阿尔泰岩浆链带构成洋脊俯冲带模式;其间的南阿尔泰晚古生代增生带、额尔齐斯强变形带、北准噶尔晚古生代洋内弧带都是后来的上叠产物.     

甘肃阿克塞余石山铌钽矿区二长花岗岩成因和形成环境:来自年代学及地球化学的证据

余石山铌钽矿区位于北阿尔金-柴北缘-祁连的交汇部位,该区域构造演化复杂.为了揭示矿区内二长花岗岩的成因和形成环境,运用岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学、锆石Lu-Hf同位素等理论及技术方法对该二长花岗岩进行了系统的研究.该二长花岗岩的详细定名为中细粒似斑状黑云二长花岗岩,暗色矿物以黑云母、角闪石为主.地球化学特征表明,余石山的二长花岗岩属于钾玄质准铝质-弱过铝质系列,富集Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Sr、P、Ti等高场强元素,稀土元素配分曲线具有明显的负Eu异常,δEu的平均值为0.57,（La/Yb）_N的平均值为11.09,说明该二长花岗岩体岩浆部分熔融程度较高.根据岩石学及地球化学特征可判断该岩体为I型花岗岩.锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年显示,该二长花岗岩的结晶年龄为481.3±1.7 Ma,形成于早奥陶世.锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析表明,锆石ε_Hf（t）的值为+0.4~+11.8,均为正值,二阶段模式年龄的范围为675~1 308 Ma,指示其源岩主要为元古代新生地壳物质.该二长花岗岩的形成与早奥陶世时期北阿尔金洋壳俯冲中南祁连陆壳密切相关,在中南祁连陆壳边缘的余石山地区（弧后）,由于洋壳俯冲导致了陆壳的伸展从而产生了裂隙,俯冲产生的熔融岩浆通过裂隙上侵而形成了该二长花岗岩岩体.      

南祁连哈拉湖地区中奥陶世花岗岩地球化学特征及年代学意义

哈拉湖地区奥陶纪花岗岩相对富钠(Na_2OK_2O),具有中钾-高钾钙碱性系列特征,岩石类型以辉长闪长岩和花岗闪长岩为主。岩石稀土及微量元素特征均显示物质来源有地幔物质参与,构造环境判别图显示形成于大洋俯冲的环境。利用LAICPMS进行锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测定,样品锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为466±4 Ma,限定该花岗岩的形成时代为中奥陶世,该时期北祁连洋发生双向扩张俯冲,南部中祁连陆块遭受俯冲挤压,导致地幔物质上涌,同时陆壳部分熔融,岩体为两者混合形成的产物,该岩体年龄的确定为祁连洋的多阶段俯冲提供了新的证据。     

新疆西天山查汗查哈花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学特征及其大地构造意义

查汗查哈岩体出露于新疆西天山东南段,位于中天山南缘断裂北缘的那拉提-中天山侵入岩带,岩性主要为片麻状花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,查汗查哈岩体花岗质岩石形成于421.9±6.2 Ma。岩石地球化学特征表明其属于准铝质钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩,并具有较典型的大陆边缘弧侵入岩的特征。这一研究结果显示,南天山洋在晚志留世已经开始向北俯冲,并在中天山南缘形成大陆边缘弧环境。      

青海南山东段花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

青海南山东段花岗岩类岩石类型为二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩及英云闪长岩。通过高精度LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年,获得二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩的年龄分别为241±3Ma、245±2Ma和249±3Ma,可代表其成岩年龄。花岗岩类构造环境判别图显示,岩石具俯冲型花岗岩类特征,可能代表早三叠世宗务隆洋的北向俯冲过程。通过对青海南山东段侵入岩体形成时代、岩石成因、构造环境等的研究,为青海宗务隆造山带在印支期的构造环境演化和动力学机制提供了重要的依据。     

阿拉善宗乃山岩体东南缘花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄与地球化学特征

阿拉善宗乃山岩体东南缘分布多种类型的花岗岩,本文主要采用岩相学、激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学等技术手段,对宗乃山岩体东南缘岩石类型、年代学、源岩特征以及构造背景进行了研究。结果表明:岩石类型主要为碱性-钙碱性准铝质花岗岩和闪长岩;单颗粒锆石分析获得黑云母斜长花岗岩年龄为236.8±1.9 Ma~249.7±2.6 Ma,片麻状花岗岩年龄为268.1±1.1 Ma,岩体成岩时期主要为华力西晚期和印支期早期,具有多期侵入的特征。该岩体岩石源岩为I型花岗岩,源于地壳火山弧区和同碰撞区,表明由于洋壳俯冲作用,在宗乃山东南缘形成了岛弧花岗岩侵入体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年技术为洋壳俯冲提供了年代学约束,确定了研究区碰撞时间为早于236.8±1.9 Ma。     

西天山伊犁地块北缘桦木沟高分异I型花岗岩年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

古生代晚期天山造山带经历了洋壳消减及地块拼合的过程,西天山伊犁地块周缘拼合带的花岗岩岩浆记录可以为俯冲造山作用时限提供有效的约束。岩石地球化学和年代学分析显示,位于伊犁地块北缘的桦木沟花岗岩体高硅,富碱,贫铁,富集HFSE,具强烈铕负异常,亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti,富集Cs、Rb、U、K,与高分异I型花岗岩地球化学特征一致;Pb同位素指示花岗岩源区为造山带下地壳;LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,该岩体结晶年龄为(330.2±5.7)Ma,说明桦木沟岩体产于汇聚大陆边缘,天山北部洋壳在早石炭世晚期仍在向南俯冲,准噶尔地块与伊犁地块还未碰撞拼合,天山地区可能正处于俯冲消减阶段。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.