磁铁矿和钛铁矿成分对四川太和富磷灰石钒钛磁铁矿床成因的约束

产于层状镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体中的太和岩浆型Fe-Ti氧化物矿床是峨眉山大火成岩省内带几个超大型Fe-Ti氧化物矿床之一。太和岩体长超过3km,宽2km,厚约1.2km。根据矿物含量和结构等特征,整个岩体从下向上可划分为下部岩相带、中部岩相带、上部岩相带。下部岩相带主要以(橄榄)辉长岩和厚层不含磷灰石的块状Fe-Ti氧化物矿层组成。中部岩相带韵律旋回发育,(磷灰石)磁铁辉石岩主要位于旋回的底部,旋回上部为(磷灰石)辉长岩。上部岩相带主要是贫Fe-Ti氧化物的磷灰石辉长岩。太和中部岩相带磷灰石磁铁辉石岩含有5%~12%磷灰石、20%~35%Fe-Ti氧化物、50%~60%硅酸盐矿物,且硅酸盐矿物与磷灰石呈堆积结构。磷灰石磁铁辉石岩中磁铁矿显示高TiO2、FeO、MnO、MgO,且变化范围与趋势接近于攀枝花岩体。钛铁矿FeO分别与TiO2、MgO显示负相关,而FeO分别与Fe2O3、MnO显示正的相关,且TiO2、FeO、MnO、MgO含量变化较大,这些特征都暗示磁铁矿和钛铁矿是从富Fe-Ti-P岩浆中分离结晶。因此,可以推断太和磷灰石磁铁矿辉石岩形成于矿物重力分选和堆积。太和下部岩相带包裹在橄榄石中磁铁矿含有相对较高Cr2O3(0.07%~0.21%),而中部岩相带包裹在橄榄石中磁铁矿Cr2O3(0.00%~0.03%)显著降低,且这些磁铁矿Cr2O3含量变化与单斜辉石Cr含量和斜长石An牌号呈正相关。这些特征印证了形成中部岩相带的相对演化的富Fe-Ti-P母岩浆可能是源自中部岩浆房的混合岩浆。上部岩相带磁铁矿和中部岩相带顶部少量磁铁矿显示较低Ti+V可能是由于岩浆房中累积的岩浆热液对磁铁矿成分进行了改造。     

磁铁矿-磷灰石型铁矿的成因研究取得新进展

正磁铁矿-磷灰石型铁矿是全球非常重要的铁矿床类型之一,其主要特征为:(1)含大量的块状磁铁矿、不定量的磷灰石,贫石英;(2)具有高U和稀土含量;(3)与钙碱性蚀变岩密切相关。长期以来,关于这类矿床是岩浆成因还是热液成因,一直存在较大的争议。传统观点认为,这类矿床的磁铁矿保存了原始的类玄武岩状结构,是磁铁矿从富铁熔体中结晶所导致的;然而,也有一些研究者根据铁矿体内广泛分     

磁铁矿-磷灰石型铁矿的实验模拟研究进展与展望

磁铁矿-磷灰石(IOA)型铁矿,或称基鲁纳型(Kiruna)铁矿,或称陆相火山岩型铁矿,在时空上常常与碱性-钙碱性的(次)火山岩有着紧密联系。该类型矿床在世界范围内广泛产出,发育特征的磁铁矿-磷灰石-阳起石矿物组合,但其成因还存在广泛争议。文章介绍并归纳了成岩成矿实验在IOA型矿床相关的岩浆原生过程方面取得的最新进展,包括液态不混溶作用、岩浆磁铁矿-气泡悬浮模式和阳起石岩浆成因的实验验证,探讨了磁铁矿以及磷灰石通过液态不混溶作用和气泡悬浮完成超常富集形成铁矿浆的可能性。在此基础上,指出了相关实验目前尚存在的问题及未来的研究方向。     

河北矾山超钾质岩浆氧逸度及含水性特征的磷灰石地球化学记录

产于华北克拉通北缘的晚三叠世矾山超钾质碱性岩杂岩体主要由单斜辉石岩和辉石正长岩等组成,以发育内生磷灰石-磁铁矿矿床而闻名。本文选取矾山杂岩体中的磷灰石为研究对象,通过测试磷灰石的主微量元素及原位Sr-Nd同位素组成以探讨母岩浆的氧逸度及含水性特征。研究表明,矾山磷灰石以轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损为特征,显示出缺乏显著Ce异常的“右倾”的稀土配分型式,且具有较低的Ga含量及较高的δEu值,暗示杂岩体具有较高的岩浆氧逸度,这也得到了磷灰石Mn氧逸度计的支持。所有磷灰石以高Sr、低Y为特征,具有较高的Sr/Y(>30)和La/Yb(>90)比值,且Sr/Y与La/Yb存在明显的正相关关系,表明矾山超钾质岩浆具有较高的含水量。矾山磷灰石的原位Sr-Nd同位素投点位于地幔序列,明显偏离地壳趋势。母岩浆的“氧化且富水”特征是矾山杂岩体得以发生磷灰石-磁铁矿矿化的重要因素,其主要与板片俯冲过程中蚀变洋壳对岩石圈地幔的交代作用有关。通过对比矾山杂岩体与全球范围内其他地质环境中磷灰石的成分数据,发现具有“高Sr、低F、少Cl”特征的磷灰石可作为识别超钾质碱性岩杂岩体(及其相关金属矿床)的...     

宁芜南段和睦山铁矿床矿物学特征及其成因意义

位于宁芜矿集区南部钟姑矿田内的和睦山铁矿床是长江中下游成矿带内的一个典型的中型玢岩铁矿床,其主矿体呈似层状或透镜状产于闪长(玢)岩体与中-上三叠统地层接触带及其附近的灰岩中。近矿围岩蚀变矿化强烈,并具有显著的分带特征。岩(矿)相学研究表明,该矿床的形成经历了成矿前期(钠长石阶段)、主成矿期(阳起石-磷灰石-Ⅰ型磁铁矿阶段、浅闪石-金云母-Ⅱ型磁铁矿阶段和赤铁矿阶段)和成矿后期(石英-黄铁矿阶段和碳酸盐阶段)。矿物学研究表明,热液浅闪石较早阶段阳起石更富Al和Na、而贫Si;晚阶段Ⅱ型磁铁矿较早阶段Ⅰ型磁铁矿更富Ti和Al、而贫Mg。由岩体到矿体方向,金云母中Mg O含量逐渐富集,而Fe O和Ti O2含量逐渐降低,说明浅闪石-金云母-Ⅱ型磁铁矿阶段的成矿温度高于阳起石-磷灰石-Ⅰ型磁铁矿阶段,且阳起石-磷灰石-Ⅰ型磁铁矿阶段成矿热液在演化过程中,温度是逐渐降低的。综合研究表明,和睦山铁矿床为中-高温气液交代充填成因,Ⅰ型磁铁矿的形成以热液交代作用为主,Ⅱ型磁铁矿的生成则以热液充填作用为主,钠化对铁的活化和迁移起了重要作用。     

宁芜盆地陶村铁矿床磷灰石的LA-ICP-MS研究

宁芜盆地是长江中下游成矿带中的重要矿集区,磷灰石是该区各矿床中的标志性矿物.本文以宁芜玢岩铁矿典型代表的陶村铁矿床为研究对象,利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)微区分析新技术和电子探针分析对该矿床中辉石闪长玢岩中的磷灰石(Ap-I)、浸染状磁铁矿矿石中的磷灰石(Ap-D)和脉状磁铁矿矿石中的磷灰石(...     

宁芜地区梅山铁矿床矿物的电子探针分析和稀土元素地球化学特征

梅山铁矿床位于长江中下游成矿带宁芜盆地北段,矿体赋存于辉长闪长玢岩和下白垩统大王山组辉石安山岩的接触带。研究表明,梅山铁矿的石榴石以钙铁榴石为主,为钙铁-钙铝榴石系列,与传统意义矽卡岩矿床的石榴石组成相似;磁铁矿和赤铁矿具有斑岩铜矿和Kiruna型矿床的双重特征;赤铁矿和菱铁矿显示热液交代成因特征,但赤铁矿至少有2个成矿世代。成矿母岩辉长闪长玢岩、磁铁矿及磷灰石具有相似的稀土配分模式,暗示三者具有同源性。辉长闪长玢岩无Eu异常,代表了高氧逸度下岩浆的分离结晶作用;磁铁矿和磷灰石均具有中度负Eu异常,可能是在辉长闪长玢岩发生钠长石化的过程中,Eu以Eu2+形式在钠长石内富集,造成流体Eu亏损,后来生成的磷灰石和磁铁矿继承了流体的Eu含量特征,辉长闪长玢岩的钠长石化导致富Fe2+硅酸盐矿物淋滤铁元素进入流体,为矿床提供了铁物质。     

622铀矿床与虎圩金矿床REE特征对比

本文通过赣杭火山岩带中的铀矿床和金矿床的ＲＥＥ特征对比，认为产铀矿和金矿的火山岩均属ＬＲＥＥ富集型，但前者明显铕亏损，铀矿石与金矿石ＲＥＥ特征差别大，前者ΣＲＥＥ和ＨＲＥＥ大大增高，铕强烈亏损，后者ΣＲＥＥ降低，铕呈弱异常或无异常．结合两矿床各自的矿化特征，认为成矿热液酸碱度等介质条件、围岩蚀变、副矿物种类、矿物共生组合、次生淋滤富集等因素是造成矿石ＲＥＥ特征的原因，ＲＥＥ贫富程度和分布模式可作为矿床评价因素．     

622铀矿主档与虎圩金矿床REE特征对比

本文通过赣杭火山岩带中的铀矿床和金矿床的ＲＥＥ特征对比，认为产铀矿和金矿的火山岩均属ＬＲＥＥ富集型，但前 者明显的铕亏损；铀矿石与金矿石ＲＥＥ特征差别大，前者∑ＲＥＥ和ＨＲＥＥ大大增高，铕强烈亏损，后者∑ＲＥＥ降低，铕呈弱异常或无异常。ＲＥＥ贫富程度和分布模式可作为矿床评价因素。     

宁芜和尚桥铁氧化物-磷灰石矿床(IOA)成矿过程研究:来自磁铁矿LA-ICP-MS原位分析的证据

铁氧化物-磷灰石矿床(IOA)是全球铁矿资源重要的供给矿床类型之一,受到国内外科研和矿产开采工作者的广泛关注。对铁氧化物-磷灰石矿床研究的争议主要集中在矿床成因上,即岩浆成因或者热液成因。作为一类具有多阶段成矿作用的矿床,IOA型矿床很难用热液或者矿浆成因予以简单概括,需要动态地看待成矿作用。和尚桥铁矿床是一个大型的铁氧化物-磷灰石(IOA)矿床,位于中国东部长江中下游多金属成矿带宁芜矿集区中。和尚桥铁矿床成矿作用含有三个清晰的磁铁矿矿化阶段,分别形成浸染状(Mt1)、角砾状(Mt2)和脉状(Mt3)矿石。对各阶段磁铁矿矿石中磁铁矿进行激光剥蚀等离子质谱(LA-ICP-MS)微区成分测试。在成矿过程中,从早到晚,磁铁矿表现出了从具有岩浆成因特征向具有热液成因特征的方向演化。磁铁矿中Mg和Al含量升高,Cr含量先降低后略微升高,Mn、Co、Ni和V含量先降低后升高,Mo和Sn含量先升高后降低的趋势,表明成矿过程中各阶段围岩及大气水对成矿流体的贡献不一。结合前人研究成果,我们认为和尚桥铁矿床中磁铁矿铁质的来源与安山质侵入岩密切相关,可能来源于岩浆不混溶作用形成的铁质富集流体(熔体),磁铁矿在高温热液环境中结晶沉淀。成矿过程具有多阶段性,推测在各成矿阶段间隙,富铁流体得到富集,同时地层物质不断的加入并导致了磁铁矿成分显示出越来越多的热液成因信息,地层物质(特别是膏盐层)对成矿过程起到了重要的控制作用。     

Implication of Apatite and Anhydrite for Formation of an Iron‐Oxide‐Apatite (IOA) Rare Earth Element Prospect,Benjamin River,Canada

The Benjamin River apatite prospect in northern New Brunswick, Canada, is hosted by the Late Silurian Dickie Brook plutonic complex, which is made up of intrusive units represented by monzogranite, diorite and gabbro. The IOA ores, composed mainly of apatite, augite, and magnetite at Benjamin River form pegmatitic pods and lenses in the host igneous rocks, the largest of which is 100 m long and 10–20 m wide in the diorite and gabbro units. In this study, 28 IOA ore and rock samples were collected from the diorite and gabbro units. Mineralogical observations show that the apatite–augite–magnetite ores are variable in the amounts of apatite, augite, and magnetite and are associated with minor amounts of epidote‐group minerals (allanite, REE‐rich epidote and epidte) and trace amounts of albite, titanite, ilmenite, titanomagnetite, pyrite, chlorite, calcite, and quartz. Apatite and augite grains contain small anhydrite inclusions. This suggests that the magma that crystallized apatite and augite had high oxygen fugacity. In back scattered electron (BSE) images, apatite grains in the ores have two zones of different appearance: (i) primary REE‐rich zone; and (ii) porous REE‐poor zone. The porous REE‐poor zones mainly appear in rims and/or inside of the apatite grains, in addition to the presence of apatite grains which totally consist of a porous REE‐poor apatite. This porous REE‐poor apatite is characterized by low REE (<0.84 wt%), Si (<0.28 wt%), and Cl (<0.17 wt%) contents. Epidote‐group minerals mainly occur in grain boundary between the porous REE‐poor apatite and augite. These indicate that REE leached from primary REE‐rich apatite crystallized as allanite and REE‐rich epidote. Magnetite in the ores often occurs as veinlets that cut apatite grains or as anhedral grains that replace a part of augite. These textures suggest that magnetite crystallized in the late stage. Pyrite veins occur in the ores, including a large amount of quartz and calcite veins. Pyrite veins mainly occur with quartz veins in augite. These textures indicate pyrite veins are the latest phase. Apatite–augite–magnetite ore, gabbro–quartz diorite and feldspar dike collected from the Benjamin River prospect contain dirty pure albite (Ab₉₈Or₂–Ab₁₀₀) under the microscope. The feldspar dikes mainly consist of dirty pure albite. Occurrences of the dirty pure albite suggest remarkable albitization (sodic alteration) of original plagioclase (An_25.3–An₆₀ in Pilote et al., 2012) associating with intrusion of monzogranite into gabbro and diorite. SO₄^2? bearing magma crystallized primary REE‐rich apatite, augite and anhydrite reacted with Fe in the sodic fluids, which result in oxidation of Fe²⁺ and release of S^2? into the sodic fluids. REE, Ca and Fe from primary REE‐rich apatite, augite and plagioclase altered by the sodic fluids were released into the fluids. Then Fe³⁺ in the sodic fluids precipitated as Fe oxides and epidote‐group minerals in apatite–augite–magnetite ores. Finally, residual S^2? in sodic fluids crystallized as latest pyrite veins. In conclusion, mineralization in Benjamin River IOA prospect are divided into four stages: (1) oxidized magmatic stage that crystallized apatite, augite and anhydrite; (2) sodic metasomatic stage accompanying alteration of magmatic minerals; (3) oxidized fluid stage (magnetite–epidote group minerals mineralization); and (4) reduced fluid stage (pyrite mineralization).     

Rare earth element geochemistry of Late Cenozoic alkaline lavas of the McMurdo Volcanic Group, Antarctica

Rare earth element (REE) concentrations were determined in 16 Ross Island and northern Victoria Land alkaline lava samples which were representative of four lava lineages of the McMurdo Volcanic Group, Antarctica. A kaersutite and two feldspar mineral separates were also analysed.

Two of the lava lineages, a basanite to nepheline benmoreite and a basanite to phonolite, have similar chondrite-normalized REE fractionation patterns, with a continuous enrichment of light and heavy REE and depletion of middle REE. The patterns result from the fractionation of olivine, clinopyroxene, spinels, feldspar, kaersutite and apatite. Kaersutite is an important fractionated phase responsible for the middle REE depletion.

Another of the lava lineages is mildly potassic with trachyandesite to peralkaline K-trachyte lavas which have partly overlapping REE fractionation patterns. There is a depletion in REE from tristanite to K-trachyte. Fractionation of olivine, clinopyroxene, feldspar and apatite probably control the REE chemistry of the lineage, greater degrees of apatite fractionation deplete the K-trachyte in REE relative to the tristanite. Feldspar fractionation in the genesis of the peralkaline K-trachyte is shown by a large negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 0.10).

A nepheline hawaiite to anorthoclase phonolite lava lineage from the Erebus Centre shows enrichment of REE, although minor overlapping in the middle REE does occur. Anorthoclase phonolite has a positive Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = 1.31), indicating possible accumulation of anorthoclase. The lineage resulted from fractionation of olivine, clinopyroxene, magnetite and apatite.     

宁芜玢岩铁矿磷灰石的稀土元素特征

文章分析了宁芜玢岩铁矿 4种产状磷灰石的稀土元素组成 ,并与Kiruna型铁矿和斜长岩、苏长岩及钛铁霞辉岩中磷灰石的稀土元素组成进行了对比。结果表明产地和母岩不同的矿床中 ,它们的磷灰石稀土元素分布型式一致 ,以轻稀土富集和Eu负异常明显为特征 ,属陆相岩浆成因。前 3种产状磷灰石的ΣREE变化于 30 31.48×10 -6～ 12 0 80× 10 -6,第 4种产状磷灰石的ΣREE仅为 195 8× 10 -6,反映岩浆演化到热液的晚期阶段成矿溶液稀土元素含量较低。尽管辉长闪长玢岩与磷灰石的稀土元素分布型式一致 ,但辉长闪长玢岩无Eu异常或有弱Eu正异常 ,代表它们的地幔源区低氧逸度的还原环境 ,或反映氧逸度较高情况下的分离结晶作用。不混溶作用形成的矿浆在冷凝过程中 ,Eu2 + 优先被透辉石捕获 ,使得稍晚结晶的磷灰石产生负Eu异常     

Chemistry of magnetite-apatite from albitite and carbonate-hosted Bhukia Gold Deposit,Rajasthan, western India – An IOCG-IOA analogue from Paleoproterozoic Aravalli Supergroup: Evidence from petrographic,LA-ICP-MS and EPMA studies

The Bhukia gold (+copper) deposit hosted by albitite and carbonates that occur within the Paleoproterozoic Aravalli-Delhi Fold Belt (ADFB) in western India consists of magnetite, graphite, apatite and tourmaline along with sulfide mineralization. Ubiquitous presence of magnetite and apatite in gold-sulfide association, alteration patterns and shear controlled mineralization suggest it to be IOCG (Iron-oxide copper gold) type deposits. The detailed mineral chemistry of magnetite and apatite are generated and interpreted in terms of their genetic significance, hydrothermal and magmatic origin vis-à-vis their affiliation with IOCG deposition. The data suggest that the magnetite has hydrothermal affiliation. The Ni/Cr ratio is greater than 1, which is explained by differences in solubility and mobility of Ni and Cr in hydrothermal fluids and is corroborated with other key evidences including that of wide ranging Mg concentration further supports a strong hydrothermal input that is envisaged for the deposition of magnetite. Concentration of vanadium in magnetite is generally <1000 ppm in case of barren hydrothermal occurrences while in the study area, it is relatively higher as it is attributed to the gold-sulfide-Cu mineralization. Ti vs Ni/Cr, Ni/(Cr+Mn) vs Ti+V, Ca+Al+Mn vs Ti+V and Al+Mn vs Ti+V variations are interpreted in terms of magnetite genesis. EPMA data suggests that apatite present in Bhukia is of fluorapatite variety with F content >1 wt% and F/Cl >1. Higher concentration of F and moderate Mn along with lower concentration of Cl attests their magmatic hydrothermal character and its derivation from meta-volcano sedimentary source. REE patterns obtained from LA-ICP-MS analysis suggest enrichment of LREE relative to MREE and HREE with negative Eu anomaly. Y/∑REE, La/Sm, Ce/Th and Eu/Eu¹ vs Ce/Ce¹ values of apatite is indicative of their origin in a highly oxidized environment. Presence of magnetite along with apatite is a common feature in IOCG-IOA (Iron-Oxide Apatite) association. Bhukia Gold Deposit has many similarities with Kiruna type Iron-Oxide Apatite (IOA) deposits particularly with respect to their similar tectonic setting, alteration patterns, mineral assemblages such as abundance of magnetite, apatite and presence of late stage sulfides based on EPMA and Laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) studies. Lithological, petro-mineralogical and geochemical signatures of magnetite and apatite infer that the Bhukia is a possible IOCG-IOA type gold deposit typically associated with sulfides and graphite which may be used as petrogenetic indicators and pathfinders for exploration.     

Geochemistry and Genesis of Iron-apatite Ore in the Khanlogh Deposit, Eastern Cenozoic Quchan-Sabzevar Magmatic Arc, NE Iran

The Khanlogh deposit in the Cenozoic Quchan-Sabzevar magmatic belt, NE Iran, is hosted by Oligocene granodioritic rock. The Khanlogh intrusive body is I-type granitoid of the calc-alkaline series. The orebodies are vein, veinlet, massive, and breccia in shape and occur along the fault zones and fractures within the host rock. Ore minerals dominantly comprise magnetite and apatite associated with epidote, clinopyroxene, calcite, quartz, and chlorite. Apatites of the Khanlogh deposit have a high concentration of REE, and show a strong LREE/HREE ratio with a pronounced negative Eu anomaly. Magnetites have a high concentration of REE and show weak to moderate LREE/HREE fractionation. They are comparable to the REE patterns in Kiruna-type iron ores and show an affinity to calc-alkaline magmas. The Khanlogh deposit is similar in the aspects of host rock lithology, alteration, mineralogy, and mineral chemistry to the Kiruna-type deposits. Field observations, hydrothermal alteration halos, style of mineralization, and the geochemical characteristics of apatite, magnetite, and host rock indicate that these magnetite veins have hydrothermal origin similar to Cenozoic Kiruna-type deposits within the Tarom subzone, NW Iran, and are not related to silica-iron oxide immiscibility, as are the major Precambrian magnetite deposits in central Iran.     

Geochemistry of Apatite from the Apatite-rich Iron Deposits in the Ningwu Region, East Central China

Four types of apatite have been identified in the Ningwu region.The first type of apatite is widely distributed in the middle dark colored zones(i.e.iron ores) of individual deposits.The assemblage includes magnetite,apatite and actinolite(or diopside).The second type occurs within magnetite-apatite veins in the iron ores.The third type is seen in magnetite-apatite veins and (or) nodules in host rocks(i.e.gabbro-diorite porphyry or gabbro-diorite or pyroxene diorite).The fourth type occurs within apatite-pyrite-quartz veins filling fractures in the Xiangshan Group.Rare earth elements (REE) geochemistry of apatite of the four occurrences in porphyry iron deposits is presented.The REE distribution patterns of apatite are generally similar to those of apatites in the Kiruna-type iron ores,nelsonites.They are enriched in light REE,with pronounced negative Eu anomalies.The similarity of REE distribution patterns in apatites from various deposits in different locations in the world indicates a common process of formation for various ore types,e.g. immiscibility.Early magmatic apatites contain 3031.48-12080×10~(-6) REE.Later hydrothermal apatite contains 1958×10~(-6) REE,indicating that the later hydrothermal ore-forming solution contains lower REE.Although gabbro-diorite porphyry and apatite show similar REE patterns,gabbro-diorite porphyries have no europium anomalies or feeble positive or feeble negative europium anomalies, caused both by reduction environment of mantle source region and by fractionation and crystallization(immiscibility) under a high oxygen fugacity condition.Negative Eu anomalies of apatites were formed possibly due to acquisition of Eu~(2+) by earlier diopsite during ore magma cooling. The apatites in the Aoshan and Taishan iron deposits yield a narrow variation range of ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr values from 0.7071 to 0.7073,similar to those of the volcanic and subvolcanic rocks,indicating that apatites were formed by liquid immiscibility and differentiation of intermediate and basic magmas.     

安徽马鞍山假象绿松石、磷铝石成因探讨

利用偏反光显微镜鉴定、稀土元素化学分析等方法对马鞍山相关矿物岩石进行岩相学、矿物学、化学成分研究及对比,发现假象绿松石镜下结构具球粒状变胶结构,其稀土元素大幅流失,与风化围岩及其他产状绿松石相当;假象磷铝石具有磷灰石双锥柱状,磁铁矿包体特征与原磷灰石具有一致性,其稀土成分、含量与原磷灰石具有高度继承性。据此对假象绿松石、磷铝石的成因进行分析探讨。     

Rare earth elements in apatite and magnetite in Kiruna-type iron ores and some other iron ore types

An investigation of the content and distribution of REE in apatite and magnetite in the iron ores of Kiruna type and some other iron ores is presented. REE in apatite and magnetite in different ore types show characteristic patterns which are related to different modes of formation of the ores.The magnetite-apatite iron ores of the world can be divided into two types: (a) Kiruna iron ores proper which occur in volcanic rocks, and (b) iron ores connected with deuteric processes and/or related to intrusive rocks. Apatite of the Kiruna ores proper in Fennoscandia (e.g. Kiirunavaara, Malmberget and Grängesberg) shows a common pattern with 2000–7000 ppm REE, a weak to moderate LREE/HREE fractionation and negative Eu anomalies. In the Kiruna area, apatite of the main, P-poor ores and of the later, hydrothermal-exhalative P-rich ores, have the same REE distribution which indicates a common source. There is a similar REE distribution in magnetite-apatite trachytic-rhyodacitic host rock which confirms a close magmatic relationship. Apatite in phosphorites (such as the Paleoproterozoic Påläng deposit in northern Sweden) has a different composition (< 1000 ppm REE with Ce depletion) which excludes a sedimentary origin of the Kiruna apatite.Apatite in other volcanogenic magnetite-apatite ores outside Fennoscandia differ by a stronger LREE/HREE fractionation and by a medium to large Eu depletion, partly indicating a relationship to alkaline intrusions. The Avnik apatite, Turkey, shows a weak differentiation in combination with a pronounced negative Eu anomaly, indicating provenance from silicic magmatic sources.The REE pattern of apatite in the deuteric-hydrothermal apatite-bearing iron ores is in general similar to that of apatite in the Kiruna iron ores proper. The similarity indicates a common process of formation for both ore types.The apatite-iron ores of the Kiruna type proper were formed by a late-magmatic differentiation. The ores of the Kiruna area are, in similarity with some other magnetite-apatite ores, emplaced along regional fracture-fault lines and close to an older basement. In general the REE pattern of apatite in the different deposits shows an affinity to alkaline or sub-alkaline magmas, indicating a rifting environment. The alkaline, trachytic volcanics hosting the Kiruna ores in northern Sweden are clearly related to an extensional setting where rifting was important. A probable source for this large-scale ore-forming process was partial melting of deep-seated rocks. The ores evolved in an intracontinental setting with magma generation caused by underplating of older crust.The process giving rise to magnetite-apatite ores of the Kiruna type has occurred during the time span from Paleoproterozoic to Tertiary. The Proterozoic ores occur mainly in cratonized areas, whereas the younger ones occur in fold belts. The amount of ore formed in post-Proterozoic time is as large as that formed in Proterozoic time.     

福建碧田Au-Ag-Cu矿床含金石英脉中磷灰石的阴极发光研究

碧田Au Ag Cu矿床含金石英脉中的磷灰石在阴极射线激发下发明亮的黄绿色光 ,特征峰波长为 5 70～5 80nm。阴极发光 (CL)图像揭示了磷灰石的内部环带结构 ,不同环带微量和稀土元素含量具有明显的差异。发光带w(MnO) >0 .4%、n(Mn) /n(Fe) >2、n(Mn) /n(La+Ce) >4;Mn2 + 为CL的主要激发元素。磷灰石晶体结构中以LREE3 + +Si4+ =Ca2 + +P5+ 为主要的元素替代形式。磷灰石微量与稀土元素的分布特征表明 ,该矿床形成于近地表的低温热液体系 ,成矿流体在矿物共沉淀的晚期向富Si、Na方向演化。     

安康双龙桥碱性辉长杂岩中磷灰石和榍石的矿物成分研究

X射线衍射分析和化学成分研究表明,磷灰石为氟磷灰石,榍石成分中存在着的主要类质同象替代是(Fe~(3+)、Al)+(F,OH)~-=Ti~(4+)+O~(2-)。磷灰石和榍石是碱性辉长岩的REE、Ba、Zr等微量元素的主要载体;它们是在较高氧逸度的条件下结晶的。磷灰石的Sr同位素特征说明形成双龙桥碱性辉长杂岩的物质来源于上地幔。