黄骅市南排河碘－锶－偏硅酸优质饮用天然矿泉水

重点阐述了南排河天然矿泉水的赋存环境，尤其对珍贵的碘－锶－偏硅酸型矿泉水的分布、成因、开发利用作了论述，并对开采现状、发展前景提出了看法。     

涞源拒马锶－偏硅酸饮用天然矿泉水

通过４个月实地和近３年的追踪观测，查明拒马矿泉水产于涞源县浮图峪铜矿区的闪长玢岩与夕卡岩接触带中。Ｈ＿２ＳｉＯ＿３含量２５～３９ｍｇ／Ｌ；Ｓｒ含量０．４０～０．３９ｍｇ／Ｌ，还含有ＣＯ＿２，Ｉ，Ｂｒ，Ｌｉ，Ｚｎ，Ｍｏ，Ｓｅ，Ｃｕ等多种对人体有益的微量元素，是极为宝贵的矿泉水资源。     

武安市白岗锶－偏硅酸饮用天然矿泉水

邯邢地区是铁矿和煤炭生产基地，区域水文地质条件基本查清。二叠系上统上石盒子组长石石英砂岩及燕山期闪长岩类，为矿泉水赋存的主要含水层。由于受ＳＮ及ＮＮＥ向断层的切割，岩层被分成若干块段。各块段间含水层互不联系，构成独立的含水系统。由Ｆ＿２２和Ｆ＿２３断层构成的白岗块段，形成了独具一格的白岗矿泉水水源地。矿泉水受区域奥陶系下层灰岩水沿断层的顶托补给，单井最大允许开采量达５１．２３ｍ￣３／ｈ。地下水在径流途中对岩石的溶滤作用，使特征组分Ｈ＿２ＳｉＯ＿３和Ｓｒ富集起来，各项指标均符合国标（ＧＢ８５３７－８７）的要求，形成锶－偏硅酸型饮用天然矿泉水。     

保定市北章村锶－偏硅酸天然矿泉水

北章村矿泉水产于漕河、界河冲洪积扇的中下部。主要含水层相当于第Ⅲ含水组，属中更新统。含水砂层埋深１０８．３ｍ，井深２００．２２ｍ，涌水量３００ｍ￣３／ｄ。该井为一中深层承压水，经多次检测水质完全符合《饮用天然矿泉水标准》（ＧＢ８５３７－８７）。经国家级评审鉴定，命为锶－偏硅酸重碳酸钙·镁·钠型饮用天然矿泉水。该泉水位于著名的“一亩泉”水源地下游，水质优良，地理位置、人文景观优越，有广阔的开发利用前景。     

秦皇岛市韩庄锶－偏硅酸天然矿泉水

韩庄矿泉水井位于混合花岗岩二级台地上。矿泉水是降水经由混合花岗岩的风化裂隙和构造裂隙深循环而成。涌水量８１．７９ｍ￣３／ｄ。水中含锶１．１６ｍｇ／Ｌ偏硅酸４９．４ｍｇ／Ｌ。矿化度２９３．２ｍｇ／Ｌ，水化学类型为硫酸重碳酸氯化物－钙·钠型水。矿泉水井位于风景优美的秦皇岛市郊，无工业污染，并有广阔的销售前景，是有潜力的矿泉水生产基地。     

曲阳嘉山锶－偏硅酸饮用天然矿泉水

矿泉水赋存于太古界阜平群黑云斜长片麻岩中。１９９１年经河北省地矿局和地矿部组织鉴定，水质符合《饮用天然矿泉水》国家标准（ＧＢ８５３７－８７），属含锶－偏硅酸氯化物重碳酸钙型矿泉水。水量充足，动态稳定，水质纯正，交通方便，开发前景良好。     

隆尧酒厂锶－偏硅酸饮用天然矿泉水

本文阐述了矿泉水形成与赋存条件，指出该矿泉水赋存于第四系中、上更新统中粗砂为主的孔隙中，属松散岩类孔隙水。该矿泉水水化学类型为重碳酸钙·镁型，锶、偏硅酸达到饮用天然矿泉水国家标准（ＧＢ８５３７－８７）的界限指标，属含锶－偏硅酸的重碳酸钙·镁型饮用天然矿泉水。     

沧州市沧热2井溴—碘—锂—锶—偏硅酸优质饮用天然矿泉水

沧热２号井矿泉水产于上第三系明化镇组及馆陶组中。水温５０℃，不仅可用于洗浴和供热，更重要的是其中含有锶、溴、碘、锂、偏硅酸，矿化度达标，并含有锌、硒等多种对人体有益的微量元素，是一处具有医疗保健价值和良好开发前景的饮用天然矿泉水。     

太原市森林公园Tc－S_2自流井饮用天然矿泉水水质特征

Ｔｃ－Ｓ＿２自流井饮用天然矿泉水位于正在建设的太原市森林公园内。经检测鉴定，矿泉水水质优良，为低钠、低矿化度、锶矿泉水，完全符合国际流行口味。自流井水量充沛，日自流量大于１０００ｍ￣３，承压水头高达２６．４０ｍ。具有良好的开发利用前景。     

水杨醛缩－5－（8－喹啉偶氮）－8－氨基喹啉与铜的荧光熄灭反应研究

合成了一种新的荧光试剂──水杨醛缩－５－（８－喹啉偶氮）－８－氨基喹啉。在中性至弱碱性介质中，Ｃｕ￣２＋与试剂形成稳定的配合物而使试剂荧光熄灭。测得配合物中Ｃｕ￣２＋与试剂的组成比为１：２并推测了它的可能结构。所考察的２０种常见金属和非金属离子对荧光反应均不产生干扰。反应具有较高的灵敏度和一定的选择性，△Ｆ值可稳定１２０ｍｉｎ，其检出限为１．０μｇ／ＬＣｕ。所建立的测定痕量Ｃｕ的荧光光度法适用于矿泉水及无机盐试剂分析。     

Gehlenite stability in the system CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-CO2

P, T, \(X_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} }\) relations of gehlenite, anorthite, grossularite, wollastonite, corundum and calcite have been determined experimentally at P _f =1 and 4 kb. Using synthetic starting minerals the following reactions have been demonstrated reversibly

1. 2 anorthite+3 calcite=gehlenite+grossularite+3 CO₂.
2. anorthite+corundum+3 calcite=2 gehlenite+3 CO₂.
3. 3anorthite+3 calcite=2 grossularite+corundum+3CO₂.
4. grossularite+2 corundum+3 calcite=3 gehlenite+3 CO₂.
5. anorthite+2 calcite=gehlenite+wollastonite+2CO₂.
6. anorthite+wollastonite+calcite=grossularite+CO₂.
7. grossularite+calcite=gehlenite+2 wollastonite+CO₂.

In the T, \(X_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} }\) diagram at P _f =1 kb two isobaric invariant points have been located at 770±10°C, \(X_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} }\) =0.27 and at 840±10°C, \(X_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} }\) =0.55. Formation of gehlenite from low temperature assemblages according to (4) and (2) takes place at 1 kb and 715–855° C, \(X_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} }\) =0.1–1.0. In agreement with experimental results the formation of gehlenite in natural metamorphic rocks is restricted to shallow, high temperature contact aureoles.     

Internally-Consistent Thermodynamic Data for Minerals in the System Na2O-K2O-CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-H2O-CO2

Internally consistent standard state thermodynamic data arepresented for 67 minerals in the system Na₂O-K₂O-CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-TiO₂-H₂O-CO₂.The method of mathematical programming was used to achieve consistencyof derived properties with phase equilibrium, calorimetric,and volumetric data, utilizing equations that account for thethermodynamic consequences of first and second order phase transitions,and temperature-dependent disorder. Tabulated properties arein good agreement with thermophysical data, as well as beingconsistent with the bulk of phase equilibrium data obtainedin solubility studies, weight change experiments, and reversalsinvolving both single and mixed volatile species. The reliabilityof the thermodynamic data set is documented by extensive comparisons(Figs. 4–45) between computed equilibria and phase equilibriumdata. The high degree of consistency obtained with these diverseexperimental data gives confidence that the refined thermodynamicproperties should allow accurate prediction of phase relationshipsamong stoichiometric minerals in complex chemical systems, andprovide a reasonable basis from which activity models for mineralsmay be derived.     

Calculated Phase Relations in High-Pressure Metapelites in the System NKFMASH (Na2O-K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O)

Using an internally consistent thermodynamic dataset and updatedmodels of activity–composition relation for solid solutions,petrogenetic grids in the system NKFMASH (Na₂O–K₂O–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O)and the subsystems NKMASH and NKFASH have been calculated withthe software THERMOCALC 3.1 in the P–T range 5–36kbar and 400–810°C, involving garnet, chloritoid,biotite, carpholite, talc, chlorite, kyanite/sillimanite, staurolite,phengite, paragonite, albite, glaucophane, jadeite, with quartz/coesiteand H₂O in excess. These grids, together with calculated AFMcompatibility diagrams and P–T pseudosections, are shownto be powerful tools for delineating the phase equilibria andP–T conditions of Na-bearing pelitic assemblages for avariety of bulk compositions from high-P terranes around theworld. These calculated equilibria are in good agreement withpetrological studies. Moreover, contours of the calculated phengiteSi isopleths in P–T pseudosections for different bulkcompositions confirm that phengite barometry is highly dependenton mineral assemblage. KEY WORDS: phase relations; HP metapelite; NKFMASH; THERMOCALC; phengite geobarometry     

Studies in the system KAlSiO4-BaAl2Si2O8-SiO2-H2O

Various members of the KAlSi₃O₈-BaAl₂Si₂O₈ feldspar series are hydrothermally synthesized. Cellparameters of these are calculated from diffractometer patterns and found to be similar to those of Gay and Roy. A variation diagram is constructed correlating Cn-content and values of Δ_FeKα(2θ₍₁₁₁₎CaF₂—2θ₍₀₀₄₎Fs_ss), which gives $${\text{Mol}}\% {\text{ Cn = 229}}{\text{.83}}\Delta {\text{2}}\theta ---{\text{190}}{\text{.81}}$$ by a least square regression fitting. Phase equilibria relation in the solidus-liquidus-region for the KAlSi₃O₈-BaAl₂Si₂O₈-H₂O system at 1000 kg/cm² are investigated. It is found to be a case of simple solid solution in a binary system, with reservations at the potassium-rich side of the system. Goranson (1938) gives a temperature of about 1000°C at 1000 kg/cm² \(P_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}} \) for the incongruent melting of sanidine, but the authors prefer a value around 930°C at the same \(P_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}} \) . Reaction products of starting materials on the join KAlSi₂O₆-BaAl₂Si₂O₈ and KAlSiO₄-BaAl₂Si₂O₈ gave no experimental hint for replacement of K⁺ by Ba⁺⁺.     

The structural role of Al2O3 and TiO2 in immiscible silicate liquids in the system SiO2-MgO-CaO-FeO-TiO2-Al2O3

The effects of the addition of Al₂O₃ on the large stable two liquid field in the SiO₂-TiO₂-CaO-MgO-FeO system were experimentally determined. The increase of Al₂O₃ content in the starting composition results in the decrease of critical temperature, phase separation and liquidus temperature of the two liquid field until it is rendered completely metastable. The shrinkage of the two liquid field indicates that Al₂O₃ is acting in the role of a network former and homogenizes the structure of the two melts. In this alkali-free system Al⁺³ utilizes the divalent cations, Ca⁺² and Mg⁺², for local charge balance with a preference for Ca⁺² over Mg⁺². Thus, AlO₄ tetrahedra combine with SiO₄ tetrahedra to form an aluminosilicate framework which polymerizes the SiO₂-poor melt and makes it structurally more similar to the SiO₂-rich melt. However, Ca⁺² and Mg⁺² are not as efficient in a charge balancing capacity as the monovalent K⁺ and Na⁺ cations. The lack of alkalis in this system limits the stability of AlO₄ tetrahedra in the highly polymerized SiO₂-rich melt and results in the preference of Al₂O₃ for the SiO₂-poor melt. The partitioning systematics of Ti are virtually identical to those of Al. It is concluded that Ti occurs in tetrahedral coordination as a network forming species in both the high — and low — SiO immiscible melts.     

Phase equilibria in the system K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-CO2 and the stability limit of stilpnomelane in metamorphosed Precambrian iron-formations

The phase relations of Al- and Fe-bearing silicates in the system K₂O-FeO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O-CO₂, in the presence of quartz and magnetite, are discussed on the basis of mineralogic and petrologic data from Precambrian iron-formations and blueschist facies meta-ironstone from the Franciscan Formation, California. These relations allow an estimation of the physiochemical conditions during low-grade metamorphism of iron-formations. Petrologic data together with available experimental and predicted thermodynamic data on the associated minerals place the upper stability limit of stilpnomelane in iron-formations at about 430–470° C and 5–6 kilobars. Fe-end member stilpnomelane can persist to a maximum temperature of 500° C and pressures up to 6–7 kilobars, although it is unlikely to occur in metamorphosed iron-formations. In iron-formation occurrences the stilpnomelane stability field is bordered by four equilibrium reactions with the assemblages stilpnomelane-zussmanite-chlorite-minnesotaite, stilpnomelane-zussmanite-chlorite-grunerite, stilpnomelane-biotite-chlorite-grunerite, and stilpnomelane-biotite-almandine-grunerite. The stability field is reduced by increasing X(CO₂) and X _Mg ^Stil , and is also a function of a(K ⁺)/ a(H ⁺) in the metamorphic fluid. If the value of a(K ⁺)/ a(H ⁺) is smaller than that defined by the above assemblages, stilpnomelane decomposes to chlorite, but if larger, it is replaced by biotite. At pressures less than 4 kilobars, the zussmanite field is restricted to a very high value of a(K ⁺)/a(H ⁺) (> 5.0 in log units at 1.0 kilobar) where iron-formation assemblages are not stable.     

Melting and subsolidus reactions in the system K2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O

Beginning of melting and subsolidus relationships in the system K₂O-CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O have been experimentally investigated at pressures up to 20 kbars. The equilibria discussed involve the phases anorthite, sanidine, zoisite, muscovite, quartz, kyanite, gas, and melt and two invariant points: Point [Ky] with the phases An, Or, Zo, Ms, Qz, Vapor, and Melt; point [Or] with An, Zo, Ms, Ky, Qz, Vapor, and Melt.The invariant point [Ky] at 675° C and 8.7 kbars marks the lowest solidus temperature of the system investigated. At pressures above this point the hydrated phases zoisite and muscovite are liquidus phases and the solidus temperatures increase with increasing pressure. At 20 kbars beginning of melting occurs at 740 °C. The solidus temperatures of the quinary system K₂O-CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O are almost 60° C (at 20 kbars) and 170° C (at 2kbars) below those of the limiting quaternary system CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O.The maximum water pressure at which anorthite is stable is lowered from 14 to 8.7 kbars in the presence of sanidine. The stability limits of anorthite+ vapor and anorthite+sanidine+vapor at temperatures below 700° C are almost parallel and do not intersect. In the wide temperature — pressure range at pressures above the reaction An+Or+Vapor = Zo+Ms+Qz and temperatures below the melting curve of Zo+Ms+Ky+Qz+Vapor, the feldspar assemblage anorthite+sanidine is replaced by the hydrated phases zoisite and muscovite plus quartz. CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O. Knowledge of the melting relationships involving the minerals zoisite and muscovite contributes to our understanding of the melting processes occuring in the deeper parts of the crust. Beginning of melting in granites and granodiorites depends on the composition of plagioclase. The solidus temperatures of all granites and granodiorites containing plagioclases of intermediate composition are higher than those of the Ca-free alkali feldspar granite system and below those of the Na-free system discussed in this paper.The investigated system also provides information about the width of the P-T field in which zoisite can be stable together with an Al₂SiO₅ polymorph plus quartz and in which zoisite plus muscovite and quartz can be formed at the expense of anorthite and potassium feldspar. Addition of sodium will shift the boundaries of these fields to higher pressures (at given temperatures), because the pressure stability of albite is almost 10kbars above that of anorthite. Assemblages with zoisite+muscovite or zoisite+kyanite are often considered to be products of secondary or retrograde reactions. The P-T range in which hydration of granitic compositions may occur in nature is of special interest. The present paper documents the highest temperatures at which this hydration can occur in the earth's crust.     

Relationships between silicate melts and carbonate-precipitating melts in CaO-MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2O at 2 kbar

Summary Phase fields intersected by three joins in the System CaO-MgO-SiO₂-CO₂-H₂O at 2 kbar were investigated experimentally to determine the melting relationships and the sequences of crystallization of liquids co-precipitating silicate minerals and carbonates. These joins connect SiO₂ to three mixtures of CaCO₃-MgCO₃-Mg(OH)₂ with compositions on the primary îield for calcite, between the composition CaCO₃ and the low-temperature (650°C eutectic liquid co-precipitating calcite, dolomite and periclase. In the pseudo-quaternary tetrahedron calcite-magnesite-brucite-diopside, two of the significant reactions found are: (1) a eutectic at 650°C, calcite + dolomite + periclase + forsterite + vapor = liquid, and (2) a peritectic at 1038°Cwhich is either calcite + åkermanite + forsterite + vapor = monticellite + liquid calcite + monticellite + forsterite + vapor = åkermanite + liquid. The eutectic liquid has high MgO/CaO and CO₂/H₂O and only 2–3% SiO₂ (estimated 15–20% MgCO₃, 35–40% CaCO₃, 40–45% Mg(OH)₂, and 5–6% Mg₂SiO₄). The composition joins intersect a thermal maximum for åkermanite + forsterite + vapor = liquid, which separates high-temperature liquids precipitating silicates together with a little calcite, from low-temperature liquids precipitating carbonates with a few percent of forsterite; there is no direct path between the silicate and synthetic carbonatite liquids on these joins, but it is possible that fractionating liquid paths diverging from the joins may connect them. More complex relationships involving the pprecipitatioon off monticellite and åkermanite are also outlined. Magnetite-magnesioferrite may replace periclase in natural magmatic systems. The results indicate that the assemblage calcite-dolomite-magnetite-forsterite represents the closing stages of crystallization of carbonatites, whereas assemblages such as calcite-magnetite-forsterite and dolomite-magnetite-forsterite span the whole range of carbonatite evolution in terms of temperature and composition, and provide the link between liquids precipitating silicates and those precipitating carbonates.

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Die Beziehungen zwischen silikarischen Schmelzen und karbonatbildenden Schmelzen im System CaO-MgO-SiO₂-CO₂-H₂O bei 2 kbar

Zusammenfassung Phasenfelder, die durch den Schnitt von drei Verbindungslinien im System CaO-MgO-SiO₂-CO₂-H₂Odefiniert werden, wurden experimentell bei 2 kbar untersucht, um die Schmelzbeziehungen und die Kristallisationsfolge von Schmelzen, die gleichzeitig silikatische und karbonatische Minerale ausscheiden, zu bestimmen. Diese Linien verbinden SiO₂ mit drei Mischungen von CaCO₃-M9CO₃-Mg(OH)₂ mit Zusammensetzungen im primären Calcitfeld, zwischen der Zusammensetzung CaCO₃ und der tieftemperierten (650°C Calcit-, Dolomit- und Periklasbildenden eutektischen Schmelze. Zwei wichtige im ppseudo-quaternären Tetraeder Calcit-Magnetit-Brucit-Diopsid gefundene Reaktionen sind: (1) Ein Eutektikum bei 650°C Calcit + Dolomit + Periklas + Forsterit + Vapor = Liquid und (2) ein Peritektikum bei 1038°C mit entweder Calcit + Åkermanit + Forsterit + Vapor = Monticellit + Liquid oder Calcit + Monticellit + Forsterit + Vapo = Åkermanit + Liquid Die eutektische Schmelze zeigt hohe MgO/CaO und CCO₂H₂O Verhältnisse und nur 2–3% SiO₂(geschätzter Anteil an MgCO₃15–20%, CaCO₃ 35–40%, Mg(OH)₂ 40–50% und Mg₂SiO₄ 5–6%). Die Verbindungslinie schneidet ein thermisches Maximum von Åkermanit + Forsterit + Vapor = Liquid, das höher temperierte Schmelzen, die Silikate gemeinsam mit etwas Clacit ausscheiden, von tiefer temperierten Schmelzen trennt, aus denen sich Karbonate gemeinsam mit wenigen Prozenten Forsterit abscheiden. Es existiert keine direkte Verbindung zwischen silikatischen und synthetischen karbonatitischen Schmelzen entlang dieser Verbindungslinien, es wäre aber möglich, daß Fraktionierungspfade, die von diesen Verbindungslinien ausgehen, sie verbinden. Komplexere Beziehungen, die die Kristallisation von Monticellit und Åkermanit beinhalten, werden ebenfalls aufgezeigt. Magnetit-Magnesioferrit könntean die Stelle von Periklas in nnatürlichenmagmatischen Systemen treten. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf bin, daß die Vergesellschaftung Calcit-Dolomit-Magnetit-Forsterit das Endstadium der Karbonatitkristallisation repräsentiert, während die Vergesellsschaftungen von Calcit-Magnetit-Forsterit bzw. Dolomit-Magnetit-Forsterit die gesamte Spannweite der Karbonatitevolution hinsichtlich Temperatur und Zusammensetzung umfassen und demnach ein Verbindungsglied zwischen silikat- und karbonatausscheidenden Schmelzen darstellen.

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With 8 Figures     

Surinamite analogs in the MgO-Ga2O3-GeO2 and MgO-Al2O3-GeO2 systems

New germanate analogs of the mineral surinamite, Mg₃Al₄BeSi₃O₁₆, have been synthesized with composition Mg₄A₄Ge₃O₁₆ (A=Al, Ga) and have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The Al surinamite phase crystallizes with a primitive unit-cell (P2/n, a=10.153(1), b=11.708(2), c=9.920(1) Å, β=110.18 (2)° and Z=4) similar to that of the silicate mineral. The Ga surinamite-like phase crystallizes with a larger unit-cell (C2/c, a=10.308(2), b=23.690(5), c=10.057(l) Å, β=110.23 (2)° and Z=8). High-resolution electron microscopy has shown the common formation of intergrowths between the surinamite and sapphirine structures, illustrating the polysomatic structural relationship between them. Observations of disordered microstructures in the Al surinamite suggest the occurrence of a P2/n?C2/c transformation.     

The stability of merwinite in the system CaO-MgO-SiO2-H2O-CO2 with CO2-poor fluids

The stability of merwinite (Mw) and its equivalent assemblages, akermanite (Ak)+calcite (Cc), diopside (Di)+calcite, and wollastonite (Wo)+monticellite (Mc)+calcite was determined at T=500–900° C and P _f=0.5–2.0 kbar under H₂O–CO₂ fluid conditions with X _{CO 2}=0.5, 0.1, 0.05, and 0.02. Merwinite is stable at P _f=0.5 kbar with T>700° C and X _{CO 2}<0.1. At P _f=2.0 kbar, the assemblage Di+Cc replaces merwinite at all T and X _{CO 2} conditions. At intermediate P _f=1 kbar, the assemblage Ak+Cc is stable above 707° C and Wo+Mc+Cc is stable below 707° C. The univariant curve for the reaction Di+Cc=Wo+Mc+CO₂ is almost parallel to the T axis and shifts to low P _f with increasing X _{CO 2}, with the assemblage Di+Cc on the high-P _f side. The implications of the experimental results in regard to contact metamorphism of limestone are discussed using the aureole at Crestmore, California as an example.