广西铜矿床成矿条件及找矿方向

广西铜矿床成矿与岩浆活动关系密切。根据矿床成因主要有岩浆热液型、沉积-热液改造型及沉积型等。根据物质来源及囤岩特征可分为矽卡岩型、斑岩型、云英岩型及铁镁岩型等四种矿床模型。通过对广西主要铜矿床地质特征及成矿条件研究,指出大明山地区、岑溪-博白拗陷带、丹池地区等7处是寻找铜及多金属矿产有利地区。     

云南宁蒗—丽江—鹤庆地区成矿地质特征

根据近几年来对该地区矿床地质勘查研究资料,剖析区域成矿条件和典型矿床成矿地质特征,提出该区订矿床类型为海底火山喷发沉积－热液型、复合式斑岩型和构造蚀变岩型,主要矿产为金、银、铜、铅锌矿。     

西昆仑及邻区成矿规律和成矿系列

成矿系列是研究区域成矿规律的一种学术思想,主张用系统论、活动论的观点研究在地质历史发展的各阶段、各特定地质构造环境中成矿作用的过程及形成的矿床组合自然体。本文基于对西昆仑及邻区大地构造演化的新认识和新理解,结合研究区境内外地质和矿产勘查研究新进展,尤其是大批成矿年龄精测数据和对成岩成矿物质来源的新认识,将西昆仑及邻区内生金属矿产资源划分为8个主要矿床成矿系列：（1）古元古代鞍山式沉积变质型铁矿成矿系列;（2）中元古代层控碳酸盐岩型铁铜金矿床成矿系列;（3）志留纪沉积变质岩系有关的Fe矿床成矿系列;（4）晚泥盆世-早石炭世层控碳酸盐岩型铅锌（铜）矿床成矿系列;（5）石炭纪火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿床成矿系列;（6）晚石炭世层控碳酸盐岩型锰矿床成矿系列;（7）侏罗纪-白垩纪层控（MVT）和沉积喷流型（SEDEX）型铅锌矿床成矿系列;（8）中新生代与伟晶岩有关的稀有金属矿床成矿系列。叙述了各个成矿系列的成矿地质背景、成矿特征、矿床组合、时空分布规律和典型矿床特征等。本次成矿系列的划分,强调以重大构造事件作为背景,突出以重大构造事件与大规模成矿的耦合关系作为出发点,力求从更大尺度上认识矿床形成的成矿动力学背景。值得指出的是,研究区幅员辽阔,不少矿床的成矿系列具有明显空间递变性,如与特提斯洋闭合和碰撞有关的成矿事件横跨原特提斯-古特提斯和新特提斯阶段;北昆仑地体为塔里木古陆的一部分,记录从古元古代早期到新元古代的构造演化对Rodinia 超大陆汇聚和裂解的响应。在长期演化过程中,西昆仑及其邻区形成了独特的成矿系列。     

青海省铁矿时空分布、成矿系列及成矿模式

依托青海省矿产地质志研编项目,在收集矿产勘查、科研成果资料以及调研典型矿床的基础上,对青海省铁矿时空分布、成矿系列和成矿模式进行了研究,取得以下主要成果:1)青海省铁矿床主要形成于元古代、寒武纪—奥陶纪和三叠纪,自北向南成矿时代由老变新,空间上主要分布于祁连、东昆仑构造带,祁连构造带以产出寒武纪—奥陶纪海相火山-沉积型铁矿床为特色,东昆仑构造带主要产出元古代沉积变质型和三叠纪接触交代矽卡岩型铁矿床;2)将青海省铁矿床划分为九个矿床成矿系列;3)厘定了青海省主要类型铁矿床产出的构造环境,认为元古代沉积变质型铁矿产于大陆边缘,寒武纪—奥陶纪及二叠纪—三叠纪海相火山-沉积型铁矿产于大陆裂谷、岛弧或弧后盆地,三叠纪接触交代矽卡岩型铁矿产于碰撞-后碰撞造山带;4)概述了九个系列矿床成矿特征,建立了元古代沉积变质型、寒武纪—奥陶纪海相火山-沉积型、二叠纪—三叠纪海相火山-沉积型、三叠纪接触交代矽卡岩型4个主要矿床成矿系列的成矿模式。     

安徽省淮北地区矽卡岩型矿床成矿系列及成矿规律

淮北地区是皖北重要的铁铜成矿区,为系统总结该区矽卡岩型矿床成矿系列及成矿规律,基于近年来在该地区取得的找矿成果,通过系统研究已知矿床地质特征和成矿地质条件,结合成岩、成矿年代学特征,认为该区有3个成矿系列: 与高钾钙碱性侵入岩有关的矽卡岩型铁铜金成矿系列、与高钾钙碱性侵入岩有关的矽卡岩型铁-石膏成矿系列和与二长花岗岩有关的矽卡岩型铁-轻稀土成矿系列。分别论述了该区4个典型矿床的地质特征及成矿规律,认为该区为两阶段成矿,成矿空间受深断裂、弧形构造和岩浆岩带的共同控制。最终建立了该区早白垩世早期“前常式”、“杨桥孜式”和“王场式”铁多金属矿床和早白垩世晚期“旗杆楼式”铁-轻稀土矿床的区域成矿模式。     

内蒙古及邻区矿床成矿规律与成矿系列

成矿系列是矿床地质学科中研究区域成矿规律的一种学术思想,主张用系统论、活动论的观点研究在地质历史发展的各阶段、各特定地质构造环境中,成矿作用的过程及形成的矿床组合自然体.文章基于对内蒙古大地构造演化的新认识和新理解,结合周边省、自治区以及境外地质和矿产研究新进展,尤其是大批成矿年龄精测数据和对成岩成矿物质来源的新认识,将内蒙古矿产资源划分为11个主要矿床成矿系列:①太古代鞍山式沉积变质型铁矿成矿系列(包括中太古代和新太古代2个系列);②中元古代海底喷流型铅锌铜硫矿成矿系列;③中元古代白云鄂博稀土元素-铁-铌矿床成矿系列;④奥陶纪—志留纪岛弧环境斑岩铜(金,钼)矿成矿系列;⑤泥盆纪与蛇绿岩有关的铬铁矿矿床成矿系列;⑥晚二叠纪—三叠纪与花岗岩有关的钼金多金属成矿系列;⑦三叠纪—中侏罗世斑岩铜矿床成矿系列;⑧得尔布干地区晚侏罗世—早白垩世与花岗岩有关的浅成低温热液型铅锌多金属矿床成矿系列;⑨大兴安岭及邻区晚侏罗世—早白垩世与花岗岩有关的铅锌锡钼金多金属矿床成矿系列;⑩新生代与湖相沉积-蒸发作用有关的盐类矿床成矿系列.在成矿系列划分的基础上,编制了各成矿系列主要矿床分布图,并简要论述了各个成矿系列的成矿地质背景、成矿特征、矿床组合及时空分布规律等.本次成矿系列的划分,强调以重大构造事件作为背景,突出以重大构造事件与大规模成矿的耦合关系作为出发点,力求从更大尺度上认识当时的地质背景,如将多宝山与白乃庙2个同时代矿床作为一个矿床成矿系列(尽管目前尚不清楚它们属于同一个断续的岛弧链,还是被后来构造运动所分裂).值得指出的是,内蒙古幅员辽阔,不少矿床的成矿系列具有明显空间递变性,如与古亚洲洋闭合和碰撞有关的成矿事件横跨晚石炭世、二叠纪和三叠纪,与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋俯冲有关的成矿事件横跨三叠纪一中侏罗世.     

甘肃省磷矿床分布规律及成矿远景分析

甘肃省磷矿床主要分布于北山区、龙首山区和北祁连山区，矿床规模以小型矿床为主，分属不同的建造类型。本文通过分析甘肃省磷矿资源及分布特征，并介绍典型矿床特征，总结甘肃省磷矿的成矿地质条件及时空分布规律，提出了3个磷矿成矿远景区。     

华北铁矿成矿系列与找矿方向

华北陆块是我国最重要的铁矿资源分布区之一, 在目前铁矿资源对外依存度居高不下的背景下, 深化铁矿成矿规律研究和找矿勘查工作迫在眉睫。本文以矿床成矿系列理论为指导, 以地质年代为界线, 结合对华北陆块构造演化的研究进展, 厘定出6个铁矿床成矿系列: ①华北陆块与太古宙海相火山-沉积变质作用有关的Fe矿床成矿系列(组); ②华北陆块东部与古元古代岩浆、火山-沉积变质作用有关的Fe矿床成矿系列(组); ③华北陆块北部与中元古代构造旋回岩浆-沉积作用有关的Fe、Ti、V矿床成矿系列(组); ④华北陆块东部与新元古代岩浆-沉积作用有关的Fe矿床成矿系列(组); ⑤华北陆块与古生代火山-沉积、沉积作用有关的Fe矿床成矿系列(组); ⑥华北陆块中东部与燕山期岩浆作用有关的Fe矿床成矿系列(组)。六个矿床成矿系列构成了较为完整的铁矿成矿谱系, 通过对华北铁矿成矿系列系统的研究总结, 认为找矿工作应聚焦于地质单元、时间、地质作用、有用组分、矿床类型组合五个维度, 而矿床式作为典型矿床深入研究后高度概括的成果, 对找矿工作也有很大启发意义, 对于白云鄂博、陈台沟、司家营、杏山等重点矿山构造的重新认识, 有助于实现进一步找矿突破。     

云南沉积型磷矿成矿特征与资源潜力预测

在典型矿床与区域成矿特征研究的基础上,系统总结云南沉积型磷矿的成矿地质、地球化学和岩相古地理特征,深入分析沉积型磷矿的成矿控制因素,建立了区域成矿模式。在此基础上,运用基于GIS的矿床模型综合地质信息预测方法对云南沉积型磷矿进行综合定位和定量预测,共圈定130个最小预测区,估算未查明的磷矿预测资源量121.98×108t。该成果对云南沉积型磷矿进一步的找矿工作具有重要的指导意义。     

什邡式磷块岩矿床的成矿条件与冲断推覆构造

什邡式磷矿床产于松潘——甘孜造山带,受同沉积断块的控制,分布在六水闸推覆体周边,磷质来源于清平磷矿层和绵竹磷矿层,沉积环境为滞流海湾,古地貌是水下隆起,并在不断隆升中成矿.成矿后遭受冲断推覆运动的改造,形成大量柔流褶皱和阶梯断层.与沉降带磷块岩矿床地质特征有很大区别.     

培育矿权市场,促进矿业发展

分析了江西省矿权市场相对滞后的主要原因,提出培育矿权市场、促进矿业发展的建议.     

开展矿业权人勘查开采公示信息管理工作存在的问题及对策

《矿业权人勘查开采信息公示办法(试行)》实施近三年来,有力推动了矿业权人诚信体系建设,提高了矿产资源勘查开发监督管理效能,但在实际工作中也存在一些问题。本文通过对近三年来工作的梳理,提出了解决问题的方法。     

Georadiochemical evidence to weathering of mining residues of the Mansfeld mining district,Germany

Mining heaps are used as archives for the investigation of weathering processes. Aim of this work was to investigate the different weathering behavior of heap materials derived from Kupferschiefer mining with respect to environmental hazard. For this purpose, Kupferschiefer and slag material of two heaps of different age were examined regarding to the radionuclide distribution and geochemical composition. By measuring of the local dose rate, performing digital autoradiography and gamma spectrometry the radiological load of the heaps and the heap materials was determined. The geochemical characterization of the samples was performed by XRF, ICP–OES and ICP–MS. The results show a clear higher radionuclide load of the younger slag heap. A depletion of chalcophile and lithophile elements in the older slag was determined. Apart from a homogeneous radionuclide distribution, considerable radionuclide enrichments in fossil fragments could be proven. The results reveal a different weathering behavior of slag material in comparison to the Kupferschiefer depending on the chemical binding of the elements on organic and inorganic species. Natural organic matter as well as apatite in Kupferschiefer act as retention barrier for some metals.     

探讨矿业权经济意义加强矿业权市场建设

本文探讨了矿业权价值及矿业权流转的问题,并针对目前矿业权的取得方式不够规范、矿业权流转过程中市场难以起到调节资源供需作用,以及国有地勘单位拥有探矿权的比例在不断下降等问题,提出了规范矿业权的取得方式、培育和加强矿业权市场、维护地勘单位在矿业权市场中的主体地位等建议。     

Geochemical study of different-aged mining dump materials in the Freiberg mining district, Germany

Historical mining dumps are useful archives for the investigation of weathering processes. The objective of this study was to investigate the weathering behavior of waste-rock material derived from the 800-year-old silver ore mining in Freiberg, Germany. For identifying time-dependent weathering indices, dumped material of four dumps of different ages and corresponding rock was examined regarding the geochemical composition. The dumped material is characterized by high contents of heavy metal containing sulfidic ores, such as pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite and galena. Acid mine drainage is produced by the oxidative weathering of the sulfide minerals and causes the increased dissolving of soluble metals with increasing age of dumps. As a result of these weathering processes, a clear depletion of chalcophile elements in the older dump material (800 years) compared to the youngest dump (100 years) was observed. In the soil horizons downstream the dumps, high quantities of heavy metals (e.g., up to 12,000 ppm As, 3,300 ppm Pb, 640 ppm Zn), mainly adsorbed on organic matter, were determined and indicate a time-dependent element transfer from the dumps into their surrounding soils.     

Reversed mining and reversed-reversed mining: the irrational context of geological disposal of nuclear waste

Man does not only extract material from the Earth but increasingly uses the underground for storage and disposal purposes. One of the materials that might be disposed of this way is high-level nuclear waste. The development of safe disposal procedures, the choice of suitable host rocks, and the design of underground facilities have taken much time and money, but commissions in several countries have presented reports showing that — and how — safe geological disposal will be possible in such a way that definite isolation from the biosphere is achieved. Political views have changed in the past few years, however, and there is a strong tendency now to require that the high-level waste disposed of will be retrievable. Considering the underlying arguments for isolation from the biosphere, and also considering waste policy in general, this provides an irrational context. The development of new procedures and the design of new disposal facilities that allow retrieval will take much time again. A consequence may be that the high-active, heat-generating nuclear waste will be stored temporarily for a much longer time than objectively desirable. The delay in disposal and the counterproductive requirement of retrievability are partly due to the fact that earth-science organisations have failed to communicate in the way they should, possibly fearing public (and financial) reactions if taking a position that is (was?) considered as politically incorrect. Such an attitude should not be maintained in modern society, which has the right to be informed reliably by the scientific community.     

Norwegian mining in the early modern period

The growth of Norwegian mining industry was part of the modernization process that constituted the early modern period in European history. Mining introduced industrial capitalism in Norway, with machines, division of labour, wage-earning and production for profit, social classes of proletarians and capitalists. For Norway then, mining played an important part in the mercantilist economic policy of the early modern period, where growth of industry was an aim, and where statebuilding was looked upon as a mean, but also as a wanted result. Thus for Norway, the statebuilding process started before independence as a souvereign state was gained in 1814. In both these aspects, as an early industry and as an object of politics, institutions and bureaucracy, mining in Norway was heavily influenced by the Saxonian tradition.     

Coal mining impacts on water environs around the Barapukuria coal mining area, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

The present research makes an effort towards awareness of the impact of underground coal mining on water environment around the Barapukuria coal mining area, Dinajpur by direct field investigation, questionnaire survey and laboratory analysis. For this research, the three foremost errands have been mulled over which are the water level data analysis for 10 years from 2001 to 2011, ground water major parametric analysis and the questionnaire survey on the availability of ground water before and after coal mining operation. The results of field and laboratory analysis show that the characteristics and concentrations of all the major physical and chemical parameters such as pH, EC, Temperature, HCO₃ ^?, NO₃ ^?, SO₄ ^2?, Cl^?, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Fe^(total) are still tolerable for all purposes and also within the standard limit. On the other hand, the questionnaire survey and water level data analysis confirm almost similar results regarding the depletion of water level. The water level has depleted more than 5 m from 2001 to 2011. Therefore, currently the availability of ground water is normal in the rainy and winter seasons but is slight problematic in the dry season where ground water was available at all times prior to coal mining in the area. From these scenarios, it is comprehensible that the ground water level moves downwards than earlier because of the excess pumping of water from the mine area. Besides the natural recharge condition is not enough and somewhere breaks off while some of the mines out areas are subsided, consequently the upper part of the water bearing formations (aquifer) loses its porous and permeable properties resulting water recharging problem which is directly responsible for depleting the ground water level over the area. Moreover, the water levels will also decline relative to the location, depth, recharge, and discharge conditions of the mine both aerially and vertically while there is a typical relationship between the depth of mining and static water level which is water levels will decline more as the mine goes deeper. Therefore, taking into account the current ground water condition and the depth of Barapukuria coal mine, this research implied that the water level will deplete more in day coming and the water crisis will be more for future. Thus, this research recommends a sustainable guideline for long-term planning and also suggests that regular monitoring with time to time more detail qualitative and quantitative assessments of water bodies in the area.     

基于采矿环境再造的开采顺序时变优化研究

根据卡房矿新山矿段的地质条件和生产能力要求的实际情况,基于采矿环境再造连续开采的思想,提出了3种可行的开采顺序优化方案。运用MIDAS/GTS有限元分析软件,建立了复杂矿体的三维有限元模型,模拟并分析了3种不同开采顺序优化方案的力学时变效应。研究结果表明：随着开采的逐步推进,采场的应力和位移不断增大,并出现了明显的应力集中;3种方案中采场周围最大压应力均达到了27 MPa,顶板最大压应力不超过15 MPa,最大拉应力达到了1.2 MPa;顶板最大沉降位移值分别为82.9、84.4、84.5 mm;顶板有较大范围的拉应力区域出现,3种方案拉应力区域面积占顶板面积的比例最大分别达到22%、22.3%和23.5%,但拉应力区域的时变规律表现出显著的不平衡性和突变性。运用采场结构对采动过程响应的时变分析,以拉应力损伤区域和顶板的沉降位移为评价指标,提出方案1的开采顺序为最优方案。     

论我省矿业发展的后发优势—兼论矿业对全省经济跨越式发展的作用

吉林省是我国非金属矿产资源较丰富的大省之一，矿泉水资源也质优量大，且具有竞争优势，开发利用率极为可观。本文从非金属的深细加工、尾矿利用，矿业结构调整以及矿泉水的开发规模等方面探讨了利用我省的资源发展地方经济的后发优势等问题。