嫩江现代河流沉积层序及沉积模式

以黑龙江省富裕县大马岗现代嫩江沉积体为例,通过深挖探槽、探坑及野外密集采样的精细解剖,详细研究了现代嫩江大马岗沉积体内部岩相、沉积微相、沉积层序及沉积模式。研究表明,大马岗河流沉积体是一个由辫状河与曲流河沉积组成的复合沉积体,其下部以辫状河砾质坝沉积为主,上部则以低能量的曲流河沉积为主。在现代嫩江大马岗沉积体内部,共识别出16种岩相,即Gm,St1,St2,Ft,Ssd,Sh,Stcb,Shcs,Sw,Sm,Fw,Fm,Fsc1,Fsc2,Mm及Mpr,发育五种亚相、六种沉积微相,即曲流河的河漫滩沉积微相、决口扇微相、天然堤微相、点坝微相、辫状河的溢岸微相及心滩微相。这些沉积微相构成了大马岗沉积体内部垂向上三套不同的沉积层序:下部层序以砾石质沉积为主,为辫状河沉积形成;中部层序为一个完整的曲流河沉积层序,以曲流河点坝沙及溢岸漫滩泥沉积构成;上部沉积层序则为曲流河泛滥及决口沉积形成。通过沉积微相及沉积层序分析,本文建立了一种新型的河流复合沉积模式,进一步丰富了河流沉积学理论。     

现代曲流河点坝定量模式探讨

利用卫星照片测量了全球27个典型现代曲流河点坝的规模参数,对曲流河点坝的沉积特征参数进行了半定量到定量的研究,建立了曲流河点坝的长度、宽度与河流满岸宽度之间的定量关系式,并探讨了应用于曲流河相储层研究的思路.     

济阳坳陷东部埕北地区Ng上段曲流河沉积相及砂体展布研究

埕北地区Ng~上段主要为曲流河沉积,储油砂体微相为由流河冲积平原亚相的曲流砂坝。由于它的单层薄,横向上变化大,分布复杂,直接影响到对它的勘探开发和储量计算。通过研究取芯井段的岩相、岩相组合、垂相沉积层序及各种电测井资料等,将Ng~上段曲流河沉积砂体划分为三种亚相,并建立了由流河沉积砂体的剖面结构和平面分布模式,进一步又以沉积小层和砂层组为单元研究了曲流河砂体的平面分布特征及纵向演化规律等,为下一步的精细油藏描述研究打下了可靠的基础。     

准噶尔盆地莫北凸起侏罗系三工河组沉积演化及微相构成

运用高分辨率层序地层学原理将准噶尔盆地莫北凸起侏罗系三工河组划分为10个短期基准面旋回、2个中期基准面旋回。按照短期基准面旋回期次分析了该区沉积演化特征,在三工河组沉积期,研究区经历了辫状河三角洲前缘、曲流河三角洲前缘及滨浅湖的交替演化过程。不同的演化期,其微相构成具有很大的差别,辫状河三角洲前缘沉积主要由辫状河水下分流河道微相及河道间微相构成,河口砂坝及远砂坝不发育;曲流河三角洲前缘沉积微相有曲流河水下分流河道、支流间湾、河口坝、远砂坝及席状砂,以水下分流河道微相为主,河口坝较发育,远砂坝、席状砂次之;滨浅湖沉积微相由砂泥坪及滩坝构成。通过分析认为,在中期基准面下降到上升的转换位置,辫状河水下分流河道叠置连通广泛分布,为本区最有利的构造油气藏储集砂体;中期基准面上升和下降的中期,曲流河三角洲前缘水下分流河道及河口坝砂体发育,孤立状分布,为形成岩性油气藏的有利储集砂体。      

曲流串沟型江心洲形成机制与演化探讨

曲流串沟型江心洲是现代河流水利学研究关注的重要河流要素,不同于曲流河点坝和辫状河心滩,但在油气储层沉积学研究中鲜有关注。选取现代松花江典型河段,开展基于水动力学的沉积数值模拟,恢复曲流串沟型江心洲的演化过程,建立了曲流串沟型江心洲演化模式。研究结果表明:1）洪水期曲流河发生漫滩冲刷,串沟发育扩张,截弯取直,形成分汊河道及江心洲地貌;2）分汊偏移角、相对梯度优势可用于预测短期汊道存在的稳定性;3）串沟型江心洲形成于曲流点坝残余沉积之上,发育洲头侵蚀、洲尾加积、翼部双侧积,但垂向加积主要发育在顶部,不构成沉积主体结构。通过上述研究建立了曲流江心洲沉积模式,揭示了曲流河江心洲内部结构及分汊河道水动力特征,对现代河流治理和地下河流沉积储层刻画有指导意义。     

松科1井北孔四方台组—明水组沉积微相及其沉积环境演化

四方台组和明水组是松辽坳陷盆地萎缩阶段的产物。松科1井北孔的连续岩心显示:四方台组发育曲流河亚相和浅湖亚相的沉积,其中以曲流河亚相为主,曲流河亚相发育河床滞留、点砂坝、天然堤、决口扇、决口水道、河漫滩、河漫湖等7种沉积微相,浅湖亚相发育临滨砂坝微相和静水泥质沉积微相;明水组发育曲流河亚相、浅湖亚相和滨湖亚相,明一段以浅湖亚相为主,明二段曲流河、浅湖亚相交替发育。明水组曲流河亚相发育河床滞留、点砂坝、天然堤、决口扇、决口水道、河漫滩、河漫湖等7种微相;浅湖亚相发育浅湖静水泥沉积、临滨砂坝和风暴沉积微相;滨湖亚相发育砂滩和泥滩微相。盆地沉积时期松辽盆地经历了多次湖平面相对升降变化,四方台湖平面最低、明水组二段形成时期湖平面次之、明水组一段形成时期湖平面最高,自下而上形成了一个低—高—低的湖平面变化旋回。沉积物颜色-古气候关系显示四方台组是气温普遍偏高的干旱、半干旱气候;明一段下部是气温偏低的干旱、半干旱环境,上部是气温偏低的干、湿交替环境;明二段气温高低交替变化,下部和中部是干、湿交替环境,上部是干旱、半干旱环境。四方台组—明水组垂向沉积相带的演变是横向上以小型浅水湖泊为沉积中心的沉积体相带向北西方向迁移的结果。     

松辽盆地四五家子油田下白垩统泉头组沉积相研究

松辽盆地四五家子油田位于吉林省公主岭市内，在构造上是松辽盆地东南隆起区杨大城子背斜的一部分。油田的储层主要由下白垩统泉头组组成，它是在晚白垩世干旱和氧化环境中沉积的。其物源来自东北部的中央古隆起。本区储层岩性以岩屑长石砂岩为主，部分为岩屑质长石砂岩和长石质岩屑砂岩。通过单井相分析，主要相标志为具有牵引流沉积机制为主的沉积构造和粒度分布特征。根据相标志分析，储层为曲流河相沉积，发育曲流河点坝、决口扇、天然堤及泛滥平原四种沉积微相类型。曲流河相自下而上为点坝-天然堤-决口扇-泛滥平原的正韵律组合。在建立各沉积微相测井相模式的基础上，对全区136口非取心井进行了沉积微相识别，而应用顺序指示模拟实现了沉积微相的平面展布，恢复其古地理面貌：主要发育两条自北北东向南南西方向延伸的曲流河道，具有河道点坝特征的泉头组6、7小层是主要的储集层。这个研究成果为下一步油田开发奠定了基础。     

豫西济源中三叠世油房庄组曲流河岩相类型及沉积相分析

豫西济源中三叠世油房庄组下部发育曲流河沉积,以细砂、粉砂和粉砂质泥岩为主,局部含泥砾和粗砂岩。根据Miall的岩相分类法,油房庄组发育有17种岩相,主要有Sts、Sps、Sws、Fh、Fr、Fc、Ch和Cr等,可归纳为代表曲流河不同发展阶段的7种岩相组合类型。根据岩相类型和沉积构造特征,曲流河沉积识别出3个沉积亚相和8个沉积微相,其中河道亚相包括河道滞留沉积微相和边滩沉积微相;堤岸亚相包括天然堤沉积微相和决口扇沉积微相;洪泛平原亚相由近端洪泛平原沉积微相、远端洪泛平原沉积微相、永久性河漫湖泊微相和暂时性河漫湖泊微相组成。研究区河流曲率P为0.64,属于低弯度曲流河沉积。     

南苏丹Melut盆地Palogue油田古近系Yabus组河型演化规律及主控因素分析

针对南苏丹Melut盆地Palogue油田Yabus组独特的辫状河—曲流河沉积体系,利用定量统计和成因动态分析方法,通过引入"微相砂体密度"变量,深入总结了辫状河和曲流河不同的垂向岩相序列,从空间演化角度详细阐述了辫状河和曲流河的差异沉积过程及其河型转化规律,建立了同一物源体系下不同阶段河型转化的沉积模式,并明确了河型转化的主控因素。研究表明:Yabus组河流沉积体系先后经历了3个演化阶段。早期辫状河形成阶段,沉积物顺流加积形成垂向沙坝;中期辫—曲交汇沉积阶段,河流下切作用明显减弱,河流沉积作用转变为侧向加积,在辫状河道中形成斜列砂坝,且辫流坝开始向河道边部迁移形成曲流河点坝;晚期曲流河发育阶段,河道弯度大且砂体沉积规模小。     

新北油田沉积特征及对油气成藏的影响

新北油田位于渤海湾盆地垦东潜山披覆构造带北部,勘探开发还处于起步阶段。为了解新北油田储层特征、认识油田成藏规律,基于垦东地区勘探的实践,对新北油田的地层特征、沉积特征及油藏特征进行了研究。新北油田沉积体系自下而上为：古近系湖泊相、新近系河流相（辫状河、曲流河和网状河沉积相）;辫状河沉积包括心滩（河道砂坝）和河床滞留两种沉积亚相,曲流河沉积包括河道、堤岸、泛滥平原3种沉积亚相,网状河沉积包括泛滥平原和河道两种沉积亚相;曲流河沉积相是新北油田最主要的储集层,边滩、心滩沉积亚相储油物性最好。以上研究结果表明新北油田沉积特征对油气成藏有较强控制作用,油藏类型以岩性油气藏为主。     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

General contents of JOURNAL OF PALAEOGEOGRAPHY,2014

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Clay Mineralogical and Geochemical Studies of Detrital Rocks of the Upper Cretaceous Salt-bearing Strata,Simao Basin,SW China:Implication for Provenance and Source Weathering

正1 Introduction Geological studies established on several sections in Lanping-Simao basin have shown that the salt-bearing strata of Mengyejing formation(Yunlong Fm.in Lanping basin)are constituted by an alternation of salt layers and interbedded facies.The latter consists mainly of mudstones,and mudstone-rich conglomerate.The mineralogy and geochemistry of salt-bearing beds and     

Status of China’s Mineral Resources in 2013

正On 22nd April 2014,with the approach of the 45th World Earth Day,China’s Ministry of Land and resources issued the status of China’s mineral resources in 2013.The first task of the prospecting breakthrough strategy action implemented in the last five years has been completed,and China’s security capacity for mineral resources has been significantly improved.In the     

Thermodynamics of the Calcium-Containing Brine Systems

正There are more than 700 salt lakes with area of more than 1km2 on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China.In recent years,an oilfield brine was also found in the Nanyishan Section of Qaidam Basin in the Qinghai-Tibet     

Mechanism of Salt Migration Driven by Tectonic Processes:Insights from Physical and Numerical Modeling

正1 Introduction Physical and numerical models are constructed to investigate the evolution and mechanism of salt migration driven by tectonic processes.In recent years,we have designed and ran series of models to simulate salt     

Palynological Assemblage Age and Palaeoenvironment of the Cretaceous Salt-bearing Strata in Laos and Yunnan,China

正The study of Cretaceous-Palaeogene salt-bearing strata of the Khorat Basin Laos and the Lanping-Simao Basin in Yunnan,China has an great significance not only in explaining the basin evolution and the genesis of potash     

Geological Characteristics of Potassium-Bearing Salt Layers in the Well Block Quele of the Kuqa Depression and their Significance

正Potash is one of the long-term scare deposits in China,and potash prospecting has long been listed as a key brainstorm project for our nation and geological prospecting units.There have been considerable studies in search for potash deposits in the Kuqa depression of the Tarim basin(Jackson et al.,1991;Gemmer et al.,2004;Vendeville,2005;Vendeville and Jackson,1992a,1992b),     

Integration of Resources and Technological Advantages,Creation sustainable Qinghai Potash Fertilizer Industry Base

正1 Introduction Qaidam Basin in Qinghai,including 43 salt lakes with multiple dominant mineral such as potassium,magnesium,lithium etc.,is the most intensive distribution of Saline