矿渣-脱硫石膏-电石渣固化剂固化黏土的研究

废弃黏土工程特性较差,难以作为路基材料进行资源化利用,还有工业废渣的产量日益增长,其利用率根本追不上产量,针对该问题研究了不同掺量矿渣-脱硫石膏-电石渣(GGBS-DG-CCS,GDC)固化剂对黏土力学性能和微观机理的影响。采用Design Expert中的box-behnken design(BBD)得出矿渣、脱硫石膏、电石渣的最佳配合比,通过无侧限抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和水稳试验评价了GDC固化土的宏观力学性能;然后采用SEM和XRD分析了GDC固化剂与黏土之间的相互作用机理,并与同掺量的传统水泥固化方案进行对比。结果表明：矿渣、脱硫石膏、电石渣的最佳配合比为11.93︰1.53︰6.01,GDC固化黏土的无侧限抗压强度均随固化剂掺量和养护龄期的增加而增大;相较于水泥固化土,GDC固化土具有更好的水稳定性,且随着养护龄期的增长,GDC固化土呈现出更高的抗压强度、抗劈裂性以及更低的脆性;SEM和XRD分析显示,GDC固化土在养护过程中会不断生成水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)、水化铝酸钙(C-A-H)等胶凝性水化物以及膨胀性水化产物钙矾石(Aft),与水泥土相比,28 d龄期的GDC固化土微...     

赤泥复合物固化/稳定化镉污染土特性研究

赤泥是工业生产氧化铝产出的固体废渣,产量庞大且具有较强碱性的特点。尝试将赤泥作为碱性激发剂与粉煤灰、粒化高炉矿渣（GGBS）结合用于固化/稳定镉污染土,对养护7、14、28 d试样的无侧限抗压强度特性、剪切特性、重金属浸出特性和微观结构进行研究。研究结果表明：土中镉离子会降低土体强度,掺入赤泥、GGBS和粉煤灰后土体强度相应增强;镉离子初始浓度会对赤泥基固化土强度造成影响,当初始值高于临界浓度值,土体强度开始逐渐降低;土中镉浓度的增加会降低土体剪切强度和黏聚力,同时增大摩擦角;赤泥-GGBS固化土有较高的强度和较低的重金属浸出率,相较于赤泥-粉煤灰有更好的固化/稳定效果。     

固化风沙土强度特性及固化机制试验研究

通过PX固化剂对库布其沙漠风沙土进行加固。对不同含水状态、不同固化剂掺量、不同养护龄期下固化风沙土的强度特性进行试验研究。试验结果表明,不同含水状态下风沙土的强度特性是不同的,相同固化剂掺量、相同养护龄期时,固化风沙土在最优含水率下的无侧限抗压强度远远大于饱和含水率下的强度。相同含水状态下固化风沙土无侧限抗压强度随固化剂掺量增加、养护龄期延长而增大,且在养护初期强度增长较快,当固化剂掺量为8 %、养护龄期为28 d时,固化风沙土强度满足国际上对固沙强度的要求。最优含水率下固化风沙土抗剪强度较风沙土有较大提高;当固化剂掺量为8 %时,固化风沙土凝聚力和内摩擦角均达到最大,此时固化风沙土抗剪强度约为风沙土的1.8倍。进而,通过扫描电镜对风沙土固化前后微观结构变化进行试验研究。研究结果表明,风沙土中掺入PX固化剂后,颗粒间由原来的弱连接变为胶结连接,解释了固化风沙土较风沙土强度得以提高、稳定性得以改善的内在原因。     

水泥-矿渣-粉煤灰固化淤泥的水分转化规律及其固化机理研究

为研究石膏激发的水泥-矿渣-粉煤灰固化淤泥的力学强度与水分转化过程的演变规律,从本质上揭示水泥-矿渣-粉煤灰对淤泥的固化机理,通过无侧限抗压强度、抗剪强度试验探究水泥/矿渣/粉煤灰配比、固化剂掺量、养护龄期对固化淤泥土强度的影响,结合核磁共振弛豫分析(NMR)、矿物成分分析(XRD)、微观结构分析(SEM)探究结合水量、水化物种类、微观形貌随养护龄期的变化规律,并建立无侧限抗压强度q_u、抗剪强度参数c、tan φ与结合水量C_w的函数关系。结果表明：14 d龄期内较高水泥配比(20%)的固化土强度显著高于低水泥配比(5%)固化土,其早强效应归功于水化物的大量生成,结合水量大幅提高,14 d龄期后5%水泥配比固化土强度增长迅速并超过20%水泥配比固化土强度。从宏观力学强度看,较高水泥配比(20%)固化土q_u、c、tan φ均与龄期对数lg t呈线性增长关系,低水泥配比(5%)固化土则呈幂型函数关系;从微观水分转化角度分析,高低水泥配比固化土的结合水量与抗压强度、抗剪强度参数的函数关系相同,即q_u-C     

固化剂对软土强度影响的试验研究

不同固化剂对软土的加固效果有一定差异,且固化土的强度特性愈来愈受到重视。通过不同掺入比和不同龄期时固化土（新型固化剂#Ι）的无侧限抗压强度试验结果,分析了掺入比、龄期对固化土强度的影响。试验结果表明,固化剂#1对黏土的加固效果优于水泥,固化土的强度为水泥土的1.5～2.4倍;固化剂强度与龄期、掺入比关系密切,不同掺入比时随龄期的增长固化土强度的变化也有所不同。     

含盐量对石灰固化滨海盐渍土力学强度影响试验研究

随含盐量的增加,滨海盐渍土中的盐分结晶形成了许多晶体颗粒,改变了土的颗粒级配和微结构形式,使土的力学强度发生变化。无侧限抗压试验和三轴压缩试验结果表明,随含盐量的增加,石灰固化土的无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度降低;随养护龄期的增加,石灰固化土的无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度增加;随含盐量的增加,固化土试样浸水和不浸水无侧限抗压强度之间的差值越来越小。工程应用滨海盐渍土时需控制土的含盐量。     

吹填泥浆固化及长期力学性能试验研究

利用粉末固化剂对天津滨海新区高含水率吹填泥浆进行固化试验,分析了含水率、龄期、固化剂掺量对吹填泥浆固化土强度的影响,基于试验结果确定了满足强度要求且经济合理的固化剂掺量为3%。以养护60 d的泥浆固化土无侧限抗压强度为基准,建立了无侧限抗压强度随水灰比和龄期变化的预测公式。通过三轴蠕变试验,对含水率为160%、养护28 d的泥浆固化土进行了长期特性分析,发现其蠕变特征与结构性软黏土接近,并利用等时曲线确定了其长期强度,在此基础上求得泥浆固化土在长期荷载作用下的抗剪强度指标,为吹填固化土的安全应用提供理论支持。     

流态地聚物固化土强度特性及其强度预测

地聚物胶凝材料能够替代水泥基胶凝材料作为固化剂应用于狭窄肥槽回填等工程问题中,有效降低水泥生产过程中的污染及能耗,但目前对于流态地聚物固化土胶凝材料的研究较少。采用3种新型绿色胶凝材料联合碱激发剂固化工程渣土形成流态地聚物固化土,通过对比其无侧限抗压强度,探究每种胶凝材料对于固化土强度特性的影响,同时建立强度预测模型,分析不同因素对于强度的影响程度。研究结果表明：固化土的强度随着碱激发剂模数的增加先提高后降低;固化土强度随着高炉矿渣（GGBS）、粉煤灰、稻壳灰掺量的增加均呈上升趋势,随着稻壳灰粒径的增长呈下降趋势;碱激发剂模数增至1.2、GGBS掺量增至10%、粉煤灰掺量增至8%和稻壳灰掺量增至11%时,固化土强度提升最为显著;强度预测模型预测结果的平均相对误差仅为5.57%,预测结果较为精准;预测模型中各层权值的计算结果表明养护龄期对于固化土强度影响最大,稻壳灰粒径影响程度最小。研究结果可以为固化土在实际工程的应用提供理论支持。     

大掺量粉煤灰淤泥固化土的强度与耐久性研究

基于传统水泥和石灰固化处理方法,提出了利用大掺量低钙粉煤灰、水泥和石灰固化剂进行淤泥固化处理的方法,以期改善淤泥的强度和耐久性,达到淤泥和粉煤灰双重资源化利用的目的。通过一系列室内试验,探讨了该方法处理后固化淤泥的击实特征、强度特性、水稳性和耐久性。试验结果表明：淤泥固化后最优含水率有所降低、最大干密度则略有增加;弹性模量、无侧限抗压强度和抗拉强度均有不同程度的增加,水泥掺量越大,养护时间越长,强度和弹性模量越大;固化后淤泥水稳性得到明显改善;浸水软化和冻融循环导致固化土抗压强度显著劣化,冻胀融缩导致设计混合料的无侧限抗压强度减小约22%。     

城市污泥新型固化技术及其力学特性

我国城市污泥产量巨大,如果得不到妥善处理将会严重影响环境综合治理。为了研究一种高效、资源、稳定的城市污泥处理技术,对城市污泥先进行生石灰消化处理,再通过正交试验,以无侧限抗压强度为指标,优选出生石灰、原料土、城市污泥、固化剂等的最佳配比,配制成一种新型城市污泥固化土,并对其力学特性进行试验研究。试验结果表明：研制的新型城市污泥固化剂固化处理城市污泥效果很好,重金属浸出量满足国家规范要求,污泥固化土强度随着养护龄期的增加而增大,且28 d后慢慢趋于相对稳定,碱性对强度有促进作用,建议固化土初始配制含水率最高控制在45%～50%之间。三轴剪切试验得到的应力峰值和结构屈服应力随着围压和养护龄期的增大而增大,环剪试验得到的残余强度与养护龄期及有效法向应力成正比,与剪切位移成反比。     

矿渣胶凝材料固化软土的力学性状及机制

利用矿渣胶凝材料固化软土,既可利用工业废渣,又能减少水泥的用量。以矿渣胶凝材料固化黏土、砂土二种软土。发现矿渣胶凝材料加固软土的效果远好于水泥、石灰,其9 %掺量的固化土28 d的无侧限强度达到2.0 MPa以上,普遍高于15 %掺量的水泥固化土,且其28 d固化土的软化系数普遍高于90 %以上,固化黏土后CBR值远高于同掺量的石灰固化土。X衍射结构分析表明,矿渣胶凝材料水化时产生的高强难溶的矿物晶体是其固化软土效果好的主要原因。因此,矿渣胶凝材料是一种性能优异的软土加固材料。     

粉煤灰改良膨胀土试验研究

研究掺粉煤灰对合肥膨胀土的物理性质指标以及胀缩性指标等的影响,探讨利用粉煤灰改良膨胀土的措施与效果。试验研究结果表明,在膨胀土中掺入适量的粉煤灰可有效降低膨胀土的塑性指数、降低膨胀势、减小线缩率与降低活性。在膨胀土中掺入粉煤灰还可改变膨胀土的击实特性,一定击实功作用下,随着掺灰率的增加,土体的最优含水率与最大干密度均减小,膨胀土中掺入粉煤灰后,膨胀土可在较小的含水率下通过击实或压实达到稳定。掺灰膨胀土的膨胀量与膨胀力随养护龄期的增长而减小;没有经过养护的掺灰土,其无侧限抗压强度随掺灰率的变化几乎没有变化,经过7 d养护后,土的无侧限抗压强度有所增长,并且存在一个峰值点,合肥膨胀土的无侧限抗压强度所对应的最佳掺粉煤灰率约为15 %～20 %。     

The Use of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Ash to Stabilize Dune Sands

Dune sands are problematic soils because they have low shear strength and are susceptible to collapse upon wetting. Dosages of municipal solid waste incinerator ash between 10 and 80?% were used to improve the engineering properties of dune sands. The soil-ash mixtures were allowed to cure for periods from 7 to 90?days. Laboratory tests such as compaction, unconfined compression, shear box and hydraulic conductivity tests were performed to measure the engineering characteristics of the stabilized material. The results showed that the maximum dry density remains approximately constant up to ash content of 30?% and then it decreases with the increase in ash content. The optimum water content increases with the increase in ash content. The unconfined compressive strength substantially increases with ash content up to 30?% and then decreases with the increase in ash content. The angle of friction follows similar trend to the unconfined compressive strength. However, the cohesion shows a steady increase with the ash content. The hydraulic conductivity of the stabilized material consistently decreases with the increase in the ash content. The effect of curing time on the hydraulic conductivity is minimal after 7?days of curing time. However, the unconfined compressive strength and the cohesion slightly increased with curing time up to 90?days.     

California Bearing Ratio and Brazilian Tensile Strength of Mine Overburden–Fly Ash–Lime Mixtures for Mine Haul Road Construction

The production and utilization of coal is based on well-proven and widely used technologies. Fly ash, a coal combustion byproduct, has potential to produce a composite material with controlled and superior properties. The major challenges with the production of fly ash are in its huge land coverage, adverse impact on environment etc. It puts pressure on the available land particularly in a densely populated country like India. In India the ash utilization percentage has not been very encouraging in spite of many attempts. Stabilization of fly ash is one of the methods to transfer the waste material into a safe construction material. This investigation is a step in that direction. This paper presents the results of an investigation on compressive strength and bearing ratio characteristics of surface coal mine overburden material and fly ash mixes stabilized with lime for coal mine haul road construction. Tests were performed with different percentages of lime (2, 3, 6 and 9%). The effects of lime content and curing period on the bearing ratio and tensile strength characteristics of the stabilized overburden and fly ash mixes are highlighted. Unconfined compressive strength test results cured for 7, 28 and 56 days are presented to develop correlation between different tensile strengths and unconfined compressive strength. Empirical models are developed to estimate bearing ratio and tensile strength of mine overburden–fly ash–quick lime mixtures from unconfined compressive strength test results.     

Utilization of lime,slag and fly ash for improvement of a colluvial soil in New South Wales,Australia

In Australia, colluvial soils form large terrains which are often subjected to considerable erosion and mass movement. This study presents a laboratory evaluation of the improvement effected by hydrated lime, milled blast furnace slag and fly ash on a fine grained (erosive) colluvial soil in New South Wales, Australia. Geotechnical tests were conducted to determine the compaction and consolidation characteristics and the compressive and shear strength properties of the blended and natural soil specimens. The effect of these additives on the Atterberg limits and pH levels is also investigated. As large amounts of fly ash and steel slag are produced in New South Wales, it is economically attractive to utilize these industrial by-products for ground improvement rather than employing conventional methods such as lime treatment. This study demonstrates that for the colluvial soil tested, milled slag is the most effective in terms of improving the internal friction angle of the treated soil, while lime is the most suitable for achieving the optimum compressive strength. Non-pozzolanic fly ash is found to be inappropriate as a soil improving agent. The cost of ground treatment using the various additives is also estimated and compared.     

长余高速公路稳定土强度试验研究

将长余高速公路三个路段的天然土，配成不同比例的石灰土和二灰土，并通过不同的时期养生，对各土样进行无侧限抗压强度试验和抗拉强度试验。总结了配合比、期龄对混合料强度特性的影响规律，为高速公路路堤填土设计提供指南。     

冻融作用下PPF稳定土力学性能研究

为了研究冻融作用下外加材料稳定土的力学性能,以一种国产土壤固化剂（TG固化剂）加固低剂量水泥石灰稳定土为研究对象,通过冻融前后的无侧限抗压强度试验、劈裂强度试验和抗压回弹模量试验,研究不同压实度、聚丙烯纤维（PPF）掺量稳定土的力学性能。结果表明：稳定土的抗压强度、劈裂强度及回弹模量均随冻融次数的增加而降低,经历6次冻融循环后,强度、模量损失率基本稳定。冻融前后稳定土的抗压强度、劈裂强度、抗压回弹模量以及强度、模量的残留百分比均随着压实度和PPF掺量的提高而增大。结合工程实际情况,选取压实度为95%,0.2% PPF综合稳定土进行冻融试验,得到抗压强度残留比（BDR）达到59.32%,质量变化率仅为6.28%,研究表明,PPF综合稳定土具有优良的冻稳定性,可用作路面基层材料。     

矿渣−粉煤灰地聚合物固化砂土力学特性研究

硅酸盐水泥作为常规的土壤固化剂存在高能耗、高排放等问题,研究人员一直在寻求一种更加经济环保的水泥代替品。使用基于高炉矿渣（ground granulated blast-furnace slag,简称 GGBS）、粉煤灰（ fly ash,简称 FA）的地聚合物对砂土进行加固,通过调整激发剂的种类和配比、矿渣与粉煤灰比例、水灰比和养护条件等,研究不同因素对地聚合物固化砂土力学性能的影响。通过无侧限抗压强度（unconfined compressive strength,简称 UCS）测试、电子计算机断层扫描（ computed tomography,简称 CT ）分析、扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope,简称 SEM）对试样进行了深入研究。结果表明：基于 GGBS-FA 的地聚合物可有效地提高砂土的力学性能;复合激发剂的加固效果优于单组分激发剂;低温不会明显降低地聚合物固化砂土的最终力学性能,仅延缓了地质聚合反应和结构的形成;碱性环境对地聚合物固化砂土的强度有促进作用;酸性环境及长时间暴露在空气中,会降低地聚合物固化砂土的强度。     

Pilot-scale field investigation of ex situ solidification/stabilization of soils with inorganic contaminants using two novel binders

Recently, two novel binders, one by-product-based binder named as GM and one phosphate-based binder named as KMP, have emerged that can stabilize soils spiked with mixed lead and zinc contaminants. However, field evaluations of the stabilization of actual soils that contaminated with mixed zinc (Zn) and inorganic chloride (Cl^?) using GM and KMP have not been performed yet. This study presents a pilot-scale field test to evaluate the performance of GM and KMP to stabilize these inorganic contaminants in soils at two locations in an abandoned industrial plating plant site. The field soils were stabilized and cured for 1, 3, 7, and 28 days and tested for dry density, dynamic cone penetration, soil pH, and leachability. Laboratory unconfined compression tests were performed, and the relationship between unconfined compressive strength and dynamic cone penetrometer index was assessed. The results showed that the strength of both the GM- and KMP-stabilized soils after 28-day curing improved significantly, and the leached Zn and Cl^? concentrations were well below the corresponding remediation limits. In general, the KMP-stabilized soil demonstrated superior performance in terms of higher dry density, unconfined compressive strength, average dynamic cone penetration resistance, lower dynamic cone penetrometer index in the early curing stage (7 days), and lower leached Zn concentration under all curing times. In contrast, the GM exhibited superior immobilization of Cl^? in the contaminated soil irrespective of the curing time. The results demonstrate that GM and KMP are promising binders for treating Zn- and Cl^?-contaminated soils at plating and other industry sites with similar contaminants.

     

高钙粉煤灰固化重金属污染土的工程性质试验研究

高钙粉煤灰是燃煤电厂排出的固体废物,其堆放不仅需占用大量土地,而且对周围环境存在严重威胁。通过系统的室内试验,着重研究了高钙粉煤灰固化铅与锌污染土的工程性质,揭示了其作用机制,探讨了利用高钙粉煤灰固化重金属污染土的可行性。试验结果表明,土体受到重金属离子污染后其无侧限抗压强度降低,掺入高钙粉煤灰可提高土体强度,并能抑制重金属离子的滤出;污染物浓度较低时,固化污染土中的Pb2+和Zn2+均能得到有效固化,污染物浓度较高时,Zn2+的固化效果优于Pb2+。干湿循环试验结果表明,高钙粉煤灰固化污染土的强度随干湿循环次数的增加,先增大后减小;固化土体中重金属离子浓度较低时,滤出液中金属离子浓度随干湿循环次数增加而增大;重金属离子浓度较高时,滤出液中金属离子浓度基本保持不变。