天然矿物在CVD法合成碳纳米管中的应用

化学气相沉积(CVD)合成碳纳米管时,催化剂具有重要的作用。实验证实,一些天然矿物也是潜在的催化剂材料,能在高温下裂解乙炔合成碳纳米管。吸附性能良好的坡缕石和海泡石是优异的催化剂载体,负载钴制备碳纳米管的直径均匀细小;钛酸脂改性后的坡缕石能释放金属铁,并催化碳纳米管的生长;由于矿物晶格中含有催化剂金属离子,大洋锰结核是天然的催化剂。采用矿物催化剂,成本低廉,能够获得碳纳米管与矿物的复合材料,拓宽矿物的应用领域。     

工业级原料制备碳纳米管的工艺条件研究

以焦化苯（工业级）为碳源,二茂铁（工业级）为催化剂前驱体,氢气为载气,含硫化合物噻吩为生长促进剂,采用浮游催化热分解法制备碳纳米管,通过TEM对产物形貌进行观察和表征,着重讨论噻吩含量、反应温度、苯的挥发温度、催化剂分解温度等实验参数对碳纳米管的制备及其形貌的影响,并对其影响机理进行了分析。结果表明：只要控制好实验参数,工业级原料完全可以制备出碳纳米管,主要工艺参数为噻吩／苯体积比为0．55／100,二茂铁的分解温度为150℃,苯的挥发温度为50℃,反应温度为1170℃。     

坡缕缟石对核废料的吸附特性及应用前景

中国云贵的晚二叠世玄武岩分布地区，发现了成百处坡缕缟石产出点。它可将１００００×１０－６的放射性溶质吸附清除，为各种性质的核废液的净化、固化及永久安全存放，展示了有经济价值的应用前景。坡缕缟石有独特的矿物结构；广泛的ｇ－ＯＨ键、Ｓｉ－ＯＨ－（Ｓｉ）断键及配位水等，造成其在水油两相中，均可形成任意浓度的非牛顿流体网络结构，此种悬浮液有异常强的耐盐性和高热稳定性，可将核电站等废液中高量的Ｃｏ５０、Ｃｓ１３７、Ｃｓ１３９、Ｐｕ２３９及Ｂ￣３＋等离子（团）吸附、共价键结合或网络结构捕获，展示了解决人类环境难题的前景。     

交互正交试验设计在Mn/Ce催化剂制备中的应用

利用交互正交试验设计对柠檬酸络合法制备Mn/Ce复合氧化物催化剂(简称Mn/Ce催化剂)的制备条件进行了优化,重点考察金属配比(Mn∶Ce=7∶3、1∶1、3∶7)、焙烧温度(350℃、500℃、650℃)、焙烧时间(2 h、3.5 h5、h)等3种因素对催化湿式氧化(CWAO)降解正丁酸过程中Mn/Ce催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,金属配比和焙烧温度对催化剂活性有显著影响(置信度p分别为99%和95%),焙烧时间对催化剂活性无显著影响(p=90%),焙烧温度与金属配比之间有显著的交互作用(p=99%),得到的最佳制备条件为:Mn∶Ce=3∶7、焙烧温度500℃和焙烧时间5 h;并对最佳制备条件下得到的Mn/Ce催化剂进行XRD、BET和SEM等表征。     

羟基锆交联累脱石的制备研究

以钠化累托石为原料进行改性制备羟基锆交联累托石，并探讨以羟基锆交联累托石制备吸附有机废水的最佳条件。试验得到的最佳条件为：交联剂浓度为0．20mol／L，85℃下回流12h，累托石悬浮液浓度为60，投料比为4mmol／g时，在65℃下交联反应2．5h。在此条件下制备的羟基锆交联累托石的比表面积为9．250m^2／g，对COD的吸附容量可达119mg／L。     

贵州西部坡缕石产出特征的研究

坡缕石又称坡缕缟石,取名于苏联乌拉尔的坡缕高斯克(Tsavtchenkov 1862),是海泡石族属于富镁的纤维状硅酸盐粘土矿物的一种,其理想分子式为:(Mg_5)[Si_8]O_(20)(OH)_2(OH_2)_4·4H_2O。 该矿产出形式有沉积型;热液型;裂隙—表生型及残积—表生型。前者产出的坡缕石往往与海泡石一起,沉积形成较大的具工业意义的矿床,有人将此种成因的结晶细小或成土壤的坡缕石称之为凹凸棒石;后三者产出的坡缕石为纤维状及树皮状矿物集合体呈脉状及团块状,分布范围不大,工业价值较小。     

催化氧化糖蜜酒精废液催化剂的制备

根据内电解-催化氧化法的应用特点,选用颗粒活性炭作为催化剂的载体,采用浸渍法制备催化剂,并通过用不同催化剂对糖蜜酒精废液COD去除率的比较,确定最佳的催化剂制备条件:Cu(NO3)2浓度为7.5%,浸渍12h,260℃~300℃焙烧活化10~14h;多次使用后的Cu-AC催化剂由催化剂再生技术再生,并应用于糖蜜酒精废液处理。     

伊毛缟石在我国的首次发现及其分析电子显微术研究

伊毛缟石是一种具有纤维状形态的类晶质水化铝硅酸盐矿物。本文对我国首次发现于福建郭山风化型高岭土矿床中的伊毛缟石用分析电子显微术进行了矿物学研究。研究结果表明,在透射电镜下,伊毛缟石呈长数μm,宽60—250的似线状或纤维状,这是它最重要的矿物学特征之一。选区电子衍射分析给出d_(42)=3.30、d_(04)=2.10和d_(06)=1.40三个比较(氵弥)散的衍射环所表征的典型伊毛缟石衍射花样。其化学成分主要由SiO_2、Al_2O_3和H_2O组成。     

负载型Mn/RE催化剂制备条件对其电催化功效的影响

采用Mn/RE多相催化电解氧化方法深度处理垃圾渗滤液,制备了负载型Mn/RE氧化物双活性组分催化剂,研究了Mn/RE负载型催化剂的制备条件(不同组分的浓度配比,焙烧温度,催化剂载体材料)对电多相催化氧化降解垃圾渗滤液中有机物的影响,确定催化剂的适宜制备条件研究结果表明:催化剂中Mn 与稀土组分复合其催化活性好于单一组分,其中以Ce+ Mn制备的催化剂效果最好;浸渍液金属离子质量分数Mn为3％、Ce为1％,焙烧温度为550℃.以γ-Al2O3为载体时所制得的催化剂活性较高并且该催化剂的性能稳定,经6次使用后仍具有一定的催化活性.对于COD为533mg/L的渗滤液生物处理出水的电解氧化降解,采用催化剂后,COD去除率由26.9％提高到71 76％,可有效降低COD.     

利用赤泥制备钙铝榴石微晶玻璃的实验研究

在1300℃下将赤泥和石英砂熔制成基础玻璃,经粉磨、筛选后,通过二次热处理工艺获得了以钙铝榴石为主晶相的微晶玻璃。采用XRD和SEM等研究赤泥和微晶玻璃后表明,赤泥主要由方解石和霰石等钙质成分组成;热处理温度对微晶玻璃性能和钙铝榴石晶体结构的影响较大。优化的制备条件为:核化900℃,1h,晶化1105℃,2h,该条件下所得的微晶玻璃晶相含量较高,晶体发育完整,性能良好,相应的体积密度为2.79g/cm3,显微硬度为6.52。     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861     

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

正20141768 An Shaopeng(Institute of Rock and Soil Mechannics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China);Wei Lide Experimental Study on Mechanical Behavior of Xigeda Formation Siltstone and Structure Interface(Journal of Engineering Geology,ISSN1004-9665,CN11-3249/P,21(5),2013,p.702-708,9illus.,1 table,16 refs.)