川东北普光地区新型杂卤石钾盐矿的物源:Sr、S同位素证据

新型杂卤石钾盐矿是近年来发现于四川盆地东北部早—中三叠世的一种可溶性海相固体钾盐,因其可利用性及低成本可开采特征,及其对海相找钾实现突破性进展提供的指示意义,引起了工业界及学术界的广泛关注。但当前以新型杂卤石钾盐矿为载体的海相成钾理论研究尚处于探索阶段,本文聚焦川东北普光地区中下三叠统新型杂卤石钾盐矿,将锶、硫同位素研究方法应用于杂卤石碎屑、石膏及"绿豆岩"等样品,以探讨新型杂卤石钾盐矿中不同组分的物源特征。分析结果显示,杂卤石碎屑和矿层底部硬石膏样品具有相似的δ³⁴S和⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr同位素特征,δ³⁴S分布在27.9‰~28.9‰之间,⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr介于0.70826~0.70829之间。该研究结果与同时期全球海相硫酸盐的δ³⁴S和全球海水的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr的可对比性表明上述组分的主要物源应为同时期海水。该研究结果为进一步新型杂卤石钾盐矿成矿模型的建立及海相成钾理论的补充和完善提供了一定的参考。     

三叠纪全球海水的锶同位素组成及主要控制因素

三叠纪是地球环境的重大变革时期,海水锶同位素组成的研究也较为困难。三叠纪海水的87S r/86S r值或是在短时间内剧烈变化(如早三叠世),或是在较长时间内保持稳定(如中三叠世—晚三叠世早期);已公布的全球海水锶同位素曲线也具有显著的不一致性。早三叠世约10 M a时间中海水87S r/86S r值在海平面上升的背景下反而急剧增加,其控制因素与二叠/三叠纪生物绝灭事件之后的生态空白、尤其是全球古陆缺乏植被的保护和相应的侵蚀作用加剧有关;早三叠世末全球生态环境的逐步恢复(尤其是大陆植被的复苏)以及该时间间隔中的火山作用是全球海平面上升背景下早三叠世末—中三叠世早期海水87S r/86S r值的下降的主要控制因素;中三叠世—晚三叠世早期海水87S r/86S r值的长时间稳定主要与全球海平面持续上升的背景下,大范围分布的陆表海对放射性成因锶的保护作用有关;古特提斯洋的关闭、西米里亚大陆与欧亚大陆的碰撞造山、以及全球海平面的显著下降造成了晚三叠世中期以后再次出现的海水87S r/86S r值增加。     

西准噶尔晚古生代地壳组成与生长:来自Sr-Nd-Pb同位素填图的证据

西准噶尔地区晚古生代岩浆活动剧烈,地壳的垂向和侧向增生显著,地壳生长和演化存在多阶段性。本文重点通过Sr-Nd-Pb同位素填图研究,发现西准噶尔地区ε_Nd(t)值为2.29~8.75,(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i值为0.697 397~0.708 336,(²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i值为17.4975~19.0352,整体表现为高正ε_Nd(t)、低(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i和年轻的地壳模式年龄特征,源区以古生代新生地壳为主,地幔贡献值整体大于50%,深部地壳几乎不存在古老的结晶基底,可以与区域构造地质、地球物理资料作较好匹配。区域晚古生代主要经历3个时期的造山阶段,分别对应造山带演化的第一阶段(中晚石炭世,岛弧为代表的侧向生长为主)、第二阶段早期(晚石炭世—早二叠世,后碰撞阶段的垂向生长为主)和第二阶段晚期(早二叠世—早三叠世,壳幔混源背景下的垂向生长),区域造山作用结束于早三叠世。     

四川灯影组白云石化流体多样化特征及白云岩差异性成因

灯影组白云岩是四川盆地超深层油气勘探的重点领域,但目前人们对该套白云岩成因争议仍较大,且缺乏系统研究.通过对四川盆地灯影组白云岩C-O-Sr同位素和稀土元素数据的系统分析来研究白云石化流体的化学性质和成因,进而约束白云岩的差异性成因机制.研究表明：(1)灯影组白云岩碳同位素值较均一,δ¹³C值基本分布在0‰～+5.0‰之间,而氧同位素值变化较大.近地表环境基质白云岩和早期白云石胶结物δ¹⁸O均大于-8.0‰,埋藏环境白云石胶结物δ18O均小于-8.0‰,而热液白云石化胶结物δ¹⁸O均小于-10.0‰.(2)基质白云岩和早期白云石胶结物具有与同期海水相似的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值(0.708～0.709),指示其继承于海水流体;而埋藏环境白云石胶结物⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr比值明显大于同期海水,指示其为地层流体和深部热液流体来源.(3)灯影组白云岩稀土元素均亏损轻稀土元素、富集重稀土元素.基质白云岩和早期白云石胶结物可见Ce负异常、未见Eu明显异...     

云南含罗平生物群层位锶同位素组成与演化

现有公布的数据显示,海水87Sr/86Sr值在中三叠世安尼期较为平稳,有别于早三叠世因环境导致的动荡变化,为二叠纪末生物大灭绝之后生物复苏的加速期,而罗平生物群就是该加速期的标志性生物群。本文研究了含罗平生物群层位标准剖面-大凹子剖面上连续沉积的26件碳酸盐岩样品的锶同位素组成与演化,用于了解含罗平生物群层位沉积海水锶同位素的变化趋势。结果显示:(1)碳酸盐岩中Sr平均值大于2000×10-6,主要来自于文石和海洋成岩作用;(2)低Mn和Mn/Sr0.4说明:87Sr/86Sr数据在很大程度上能代表同时期海水中的87Sr/86Sr比值;(3)这些样品的87Sr/86Sr值变化在0.707969～0.708253,平均值为0.708025,锶同位素比值变化曲线呈小幅度的起伏波动,其值明显大于同时期欧洲等地公布的数据,但同华南其他地区公布的数据具有相似性,推测含罗平生物群层位锶同位素组成仅代表区域事件,受印支运动影响。     

南秦岭-大巴山地区下寒武统沉积层状钡矿床成因机制研究

为理清沉积层状重晶石、毒重石矿床成因机制及其差异成矿的控制因素，对南秦岭-大巴山地区下寒武统地层中不同成矿特征的钡矿床开展了矿物学和碳-硫-氧-锶同位素地球化学分析。结果显示，该区内沉积钡矿床有以重晶石为主或以毒重石为主的类型；矿石中碳酸盐矿物具有负的碳同位素组成(δ¹³C_Carb为-26.1‰～-6.3‰),重晶石具有非常大的硫、氧同位素分馏(δ³⁴S_Brt为25.1‰～62.2‰,δ¹⁸O_Brt为12.2‰～18.9‰和δ¹⁸O/δ³⁴S≈0.1),反映成矿时有强烈的甲烷驱动微生物硫酸盐还原作用；毒重石等碳酸盐矿物和重晶石的锶同位素组成较为一致，都具有宽的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr变化范围(0.7070～0.7103)和低的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值(～0.7070),指示成矿流体可能是与基性-超基性岩有关的富金属热液，热液流体在运移过...     

南秦岭大巴山大型钡成矿带中锶同位素组成及其成因意义

为探讨南秦岭大巴山大型钡成矿带中毒重石矿床与重晶石矿床的差异性,文中对大型钡成矿带的锶同位素组成特点进行了研究。结果表明,寒武系地层钡矿床中23件钡解石、毒重石、重晶石样品的87Sr/86Sr比值集中在0.707 771~0.708 869,平均值为0.708 379,低于寒武纪海水87Sr/86Sr比值(0.709),反映了成矿流体中有幔源物质的混入,锶同位素组成可能是海水与海底热卤水混合的结果,该过程类似于造成重晶石在海底沉积物中富集的现代洋底热水活动。志留系地层钡矿床中12件钡解石、毒重石、重晶石样品87Sr/86Sr比值集中在0.708 242~0.708 809,平均值为0.708 447,高于志留纪海水87Sr/86Sr比值(0.707 93),可能是同时代海水与深部热水混合所致,并有较高放射性成因壳源锶的混染。锶同位素组成可能是海水与海底热卤水混合的结果。文中锶同位素的研究为南秦岭大巴山大型钡成矿带的海底热水沉积成因提供了新的证据。     

热带海南岛地表和地下化学风化：对全球碳循环及海水Sr 同位素演化研究的启示

热带地区火山岛/岛弧的化学风化对全球碳循环和海水的Sr同位素演化均有着重要的作用。文章对中国热带海南岛的玄武岩、花岗岩小流域和大河流域进行了河水、地下水、雨水以及基岩和沉积物的综合研究,分析了水样和固体样品的元素含量和Sr同位素比值。结果显示,河床沉积物的化学蚀变指数（CIA）与⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr之间存在着一定的变化关系,而这主要归因于沉积物的阶段性差异风化：风化早期阶段以黑云母占主导,⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr较高。此后斜长石开始风化,⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr逐渐下降。在风化程度中等阶段,斜长石大量分解后,各种富钾矿物风化加剧,⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值升至最高点。在高风化程度阶段,随着富钾矿物逐渐减少,稳定的风化残余物质占据主导,⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值逐渐下降。与年轻的活火山岛——加勒比海小安的列斯群岛和印度洋的留尼汪岛相比（其地下化学风化速率2~5倍于地表风化速率）,由于相对较低的降水量和老死火山低的孔隙度,海南岛地下水的流量和固溶物总量（TDS）要低的多,导致海南岛的地下化学风化速率低于地表风化速率,仅与高纬的俄罗斯堪察加活火山岛相近,为小安的列斯群岛和留尼汪岛的约6%~25%,属于全球地下风化贡献最低的区域之一。海南岛玄武岩区的地表化学风化和CO2消耗速率高于法国中央高原和西伯利亚,略低于夏威夷和德干,而显著小于东南亚的爪哇岛和 吕宋岛。在温度相近的条件下,径流量对化学风化速率有着非常明显的控制作用。由于较低的年径流量,热带区域的海南岛,其对大气CO₂的消耗能力只是处于一个全球平均的范围内。     

四川盆地东部海相下—中三叠统界线的锶同位素年龄标定

中国西南地区海相下—中三叠统以火山碎屑岩为其直观界线,该年龄的标定可为区域地层年表和国际地层委员会全球标准年表研究提供重要的下—中三叠统界线年龄参考值.基于此,本文测试了四川盆地东部华蓥山下—中三叠统界线火山碎屑岩附近的石膏和硬石膏样品87Sr/86Sr比值,以及相应的Si、Ca、Mg、Mn、Sr以及SO42-的含量,根据锶同位素地层学的原理,尝试对下—中三叠统界线进行了年龄标定;同时评估了样品的成岩蚀变性、对海水信息的代表性以及年龄标定结果的可靠性.火山碎屑岩附近5个样品的87Sr/86Sr比值变化在0.708243~0.708391之间,标定的年龄值在240.5~242.5Ma的范围内,2个紧靠火山碎屑岩样品的年龄值在242Ma左右(分别为241.9Ma和242.5Ma),从而为华南地区以火山碎屑岩作为海相下—中三叠统界线的合理性提供了重要的化学地层学依据,也为全球下—中三叠统界线提供了一个新的年龄值.     

江西众埠街大型铅锌矿床Rb-Sr同位素年龄及成矿流体特征

江西众埠街矿床位于钦杭成矿带东段,是近年来取得重大找矿突破的大型铅锌多金属矿床。为研究众埠街矿床成矿作用,对成矿阶段的石英、方解石开展流体包裹体和氢-氧同位素研究,采用闪锌矿Rb-Sr定年方法测定众埠街大型铅锌多金属矿床的成矿时代,通过闪锌矿Sr同位素初始比(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i判断成矿物质来源。测得闪锌矿Rb-Sr等时线年龄为359±7 Ma,表明铅锌成矿期为早石炭世。闪锌矿Sr同位素初始(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i值介于0.6937～0.7163之间,平均值为0.709,表明成矿物质来源于壳幔混合。流体包裹体显微测温结果显示,均一温度范围为154～310℃,盐度范围为0.70%～5.70%NaCl_eqv。石英氢-氧同位素结果显示,δD_V-SMOW值变化范围为-75.4‰～-58.1‰,δ¹⁸O_H2O值为1.0‰～8.1‰。综合研究表明,成矿流体主...     

川东北普光气田下三叠统飞仙关组白云岩成因——来自岩石结构与Sr同位素和Sr含量的证据

研究了川东北普光气田下三叠统飞仙关组白云岩储层的岩石结构Sr的含量和Sr同位素组成,讨论了它的成因,飞仙关组优质储层为成岩期埋藏交代白云化作用的产物,来自岩石结构和Sr同位素和Sr含量的证据包括如下几个方面:(1)与准同生白云岩比较,埋藏白云岩的岩石结构和Sr同位素和Sr含量地球化学特征与前者有显著差别;(2)飞仙关组所有各类碳酸盐岩(或矿物)具有早三叠世海水Sr同位素组成特征,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值变化范围为0.706588～0.708187,覆盖了全球早三叠世海水Sr同位素的变化范围(0.7076～0.7078),平均值0.707656与全球早三叠世平均值(0.707743)基本一致;(3)埋藏白云岩~(87)Sr/86Sr比值变化范围为0.707122～0.707419,平均值0.707421,都略低于全球早三叠世海水Sr同位素变化范围和平均值,但与已报道的川东北早三叠世飞仙关期海水Sr同位素变化范围(0.707330～0.707383)和平均值(0.707350)都非常接近,说明白云石化流体具有强烈的川东北地区早三叠世飞仙关期海水Sr同位素组成特征;(4)综合岩石结构、Sr同位素和Sr含量地球化学特征,证明飞仙关组白云岩储层为成岩期埋藏交代作用产物,白云石化流体来自地层中高Sr和高盐度的海源地层水.     

Strontium isotope composition of marine carbonates of Middle Triassic to Early Jurassic age,Lombardic Alps,Italy*

The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios and strontium concentrations for thirty-three samples of marine carbonate rocks of Middle Triassic to Early Jurassic age have been determined. The samples were collected from four measured sections in the areas of Val Camonica in northern Italy. The strontium concentrations vary from 40 to 7000 ppm. Most of the samples are calcitic limestones containing less than 10% of non-carbonate residues. Dolomitic samples and those containing appreciable non-carbonate residues have significantly diminished strontium concentrations. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the carbonate phases of these rocks appear to be unaffected by dolomitization and by the presence of non-carbonate minerals. The average ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the formations vary systematically in a stratigraphic sense. The ratio increased from Early Anisian to Early-Middle Ladinian, declined during Late Ladinian and Carnian, rose again during the Norian and then declined throughout the Late Norian (Rhaetian), Hettangian, Sinemurian and Pliens-bachian ages. The average ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, relative to 0.7080 for the Eimer and Amend standard, are: Anisian: 0.70805 ± 00019; Early Ladinian: 0.7085 ± 0.00038; Late Ladinian: 0.70791 ± 0.00013; Carnian: 0.70776 ± 0.00015; Norian and Rhaetian: 0.70791 ± 0.00014; Hettangian: 0.70762 ± 0.00021; Sinemurian: 0.7070 ± 0.00038; Pliensbachian: 0.7070 ± 0.00015. These variations reflect changes in the isotopic composition of Sr entering the oceans in early Mesozoic time due to varying rates of weathering and erosion of young volcanic rocks (low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) and old granitic rocks (high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr). The data presented in this report contribute to a growing body of information regarding the changes that have occurred in the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of the oceans in Phanerozoic time.     

龙门山泥盆纪腕足化石锶同位素组成特征及其古环境意义

生物成因的海相碳酸盐岩中Sr同位素组成与演化是目前研究古海平面变化、造山运动以及古气候变化的主要工具,在海相地层定年及全球等时对比研究中发挥着重要作用。对四川龙门山泥盆纪剖面腕足化石Sr同位素组成进行了研究。保存鉴定结果显示：腕足化石壳体结构保存完整;阴极射线照射下壳体不发光或部分壳体呈微弱橙黄色;大多数壳体微量元素Mn〈250μg／g、Sr〉400μg／g。表明腕足化石保存完好,后期成岩作用影响微弱。锶同位素结果显示：龙门山泥盆纪sr同位素演化同全球泥盆纪Sr同位素演化基本一致,表明龙门山泥盆纪Sr同位素演化受全球性变化影响。早泥盆世较高Sr同位素比值（甘溪组0．708437）可能是受加里东造山运动的影响,大量古陆的出露,风化作用的加强所致。其后的缓慢下降可能受海平面上升古陆面积缩小的影响。中泥盆世Sr同位素组成低值平台显示着幔源Sr和陆源Sr（风化作用较弱）输入量之间的平衡。随后的Sr同位素组成的上升可能是受中泥盆世开始温度上升的影响,致使风化作用的加强所致。     

Carbon and Strontium Isotopes of Late Palaeozoic Marine Carbonates in the Upper Yangtze Platform,Southwest China

238 marine carbonate samples were collected from seven sedimentary sections ofthe entire late Palaeozoic (Permian, Carboniferous and Devonian) in the Upper Yangtze Plat-form, southwest China. Based on the absence of cathodoluminescence and very low Mn (gener-ally<50 ppm) contents of the samples, it is thought that they contain information on the orig-inal sea water geochemistry. The results of isotopic analyses of these samples are presented interms of δ~(13)C and ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios versus geological time. The strontium data, consistent withother similar data based on samples from North America, Europe, Africa and other areas inAsia, support the notion of a global consistency in strontium isotope composition of marinecarbonates. The strontium data exhibit three intervals of relatively low ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios in thelate Middle Devonian to early Late Devonian, Early Carboniferous and Early Permian, corre-sponding to global eustatic high sea level stands. The lowest ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratio recorded in theLate Permian was probably caused by substantial basalt eruptions in the Upper Yangtze Plat-form at the time. Three corresponding periods of relatively high δ~(13)C values at roughly the samethe intervals were caused by a relatively high rate of accumulation of organic carbon duringsea level rises at these times. The deposition of coal was probably responsible for the increaseof sea water δ~(13)C at other times. The δ~(13)C values drop dramatically near theDevonian/Carboniferous, Carboniferous/Permian and Permian/Triassic boundaries, con-sistent with other similar data, which further support the notion that geological time boundariesare associated with mass extinction and subsequent rejuvenation.     

The isotopic composition of strontium in non-marine carbonate rocks: the Flagstaff Formation of Utah*

The isotopic composition of strontium in surface water in continental basins is determined primarily by the geology of the basin and to a lesser extent by climatic conditions. Consequently, the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of brines in such basins can change only as a result of changes in the geology or climate. This principle of isotope geology was studied by analysis of a suite of non-marine carbonate rocks from the Flagstaff Formation (Palaeocene-Eocene) of Utah. The samples were collected from a section in Fairview Canyon of Sanpete County. They include both limestone and dolomite and were selected to have low non-carbonate residues. The concentrations of strontium in calcites averages 383 ± 128 p.p.m., while those of dolomites increase from 354 ± 74 p.p.m. in the lower 43 m of section to a maximum of 2259 p.p.m. higher up. The increase in the strontium content of dolomite is interpreted as evidence for a change from steady-state to progressively more evaporitic conditions. Two dolomites have isotopic compositions of oxygen expressed as δ¹⁸O = -2.75‰ (relative to the PDB standard) and are enriched in ¹⁸O relative to two calcites whose average δ¹⁸O value is -9.9‰. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of the carbonate minerals range from 0.70890 to 0.71260. These values are clearly greater than the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of marine carbonates of Early Eocene age which is 0.70744. The variation of the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio in this section of the Flagstaff Formation is real and reflects the occurrence of geological events which changed the isotopic composition of Sr entering Lake Flagstaff. The non-carbonate fractions of six carbonate rocks and one sandstone fit a straight line on the strontium mixing diagram in co-ordinates of initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and 1/Sr concentration. These results suggest that the isotopic composition of strontium in Lake Flagstaff may have been modulated by periodic input of volcanogenic detritus of felsic composition.     

锶同位素在古岩溶研究中的应用——以塔河油田奥陶系为例

为探讨锶同位素在古岩溶研究中的应用,系统分析了塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系岩溶缝洞方解石的87Sr/86Sr值。研究结果表明,加里东中期岩溶形成的方解石以低87Sr/86Sr值为特征,其锶同位素组成主要由围岩的重溶锶控制。而海西早期岩溶形成的方解石则以高87Sr/86Sr值为特征,锶同位素组成主要由壳源锶和重溶锶控制;同时,不同产状的方解石锶同位素比值也不相同,渗流岩溶带的方解石比潜流岩溶带富集87Sr,主要受控于岩溶系统的渗流机制和水岩反应。在平面上,桑塔木组覆盖区比北部地区富集87Sr,其主要原因是来源于围岩的重溶锶比重加大。87Sr/86Sr值在区域上的变化,结合区域地质背景,表明海西早期岩溶对北部地区和桑塔木组覆盖区均有重要的影响,是奥陶系岩溶缝洞型储层的主要形成时期。另外,极低的锶同位素比值可能与幔源锶有关,早二叠纪末的火山活动是提供幔源锶的主要时期。通过塔河油田奥陶系古岩溶作用的实例研究,锶同位素具有良好的流体示踪能力,在划分古岩溶期次方面具有明显的优势。     

四川盆地东北部晚二叠世-早三叠世白云岩与同期海水锶同位素组成的对比研究

在四川盆地东北部14条野外剖面和地下钻井的二叠系长兴组、三叠系飞仙关组和嘉陵江组石灰岩和白云岩岩石学研究的基础上,对其中189个不同类型的碳酸盐样品(包括代表海水的石灰岩样品和在不同成岩阶段形成的各种白云岩样品)进行了锶同位素组成和相应的MgO、CaO和Mn、Sr元素分析,获得了系统的晚二叠-早三叠世海水的锶同位素组成数据并建立了相应演化曲线.在此基础上,对不同地层组/段和不同类型白云岩的锶同位素组成与同期海水锶同位素组成进行了对照研究,取得了如下主要认识:(1)川东北晚二叠-早三叠世白云岩的锶同位素组成与同期海水具有类似的演化趋势,结合白云岩的低锰、高锶特征,说明白云化流体与海水存在显著的亲缘关系,与铝硅酸盐地层无关;(2)白云岩的锶同位素组成与同期海水存在差别,各地层组/段白云岩的87Sr/86Sr比值都不同程度地高于同期海水,但从下往上,即从长兴组、飞2+3段、嘉2段到嘉4段,这种差值逐渐缩小,嘉4段白云岩的锶同位素组成已和同期海水基本一致;(3)川东北长兴组、飞2+3段白云岩形成的时间显著晚于同层石灰岩,白云化流体为时间上更晚的海源流体,但嘉2、嘉4段白云岩的形成时间仅略晚于同层石灰岩,白云化流体来源于非常近同期的蒸发浓缩的高Mg/Ca比值海水,一些嘉4段的白云岩的白云化流体就是同期海水,因而这些白云岩是同生或准同生的;(4)如果把白云化的时间看作白云岩的形成时间,则违背地层叠置原理是川东北长兴组和飞仙关组结晶白云岩的主要特征之一,其形成机制可用非同期海源流体的隐伏回流-对流模式来解释,嘉陵江组白云岩形成机制可用活跃回流-萨布哈模式来解释.白云岩和代表同期海水的石灰岩锶同位素组成的对比为解决白云化流体与海水之间的时间关系提供一种新的研究途径.     

Young Alpine dykes south of the Tauern Window (Austria): a K-Ar and Sr isotope study

Fortyfive new K-Ar ages and Sr isotope data on amphiboles, biotites, clinopyroxenes and whole rock samples from subvolcanic dykes south of the Tauern Window establish, that alkalibasaltic dykes were intruded 30 m.y. ago and shoshonitic volcanism occured between 30 and 24 m.y. ago. Two calc-alkaline rocks of high-potassium composition yielded ages of 40 and 26 m.y. resp., a spread which may or may not be real. Calc-alkaline dykes with medium and low potassium contain excess argon and are hence undatable. Alkalibasaltic dykes have ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of 0.7056–0.7070, shoshonitic rocks 0.7075–0.7133, potassium rich calc-alkaline dykes 0.7077–0.7100. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr of all other calc-alkaline rocks scatter between 0.7074 and 0.7150. Sr data indicate that dykes studied do not represent closed Sr systems, but that Sr characteristics result from selective strontium assimilation en route to surface. Primary Sr isotopic ratios of alkalibasaltic dykes point to an origin of these rocks in enriched sub-continental upper mantle. The source region of shoshonitic and high-potassium calcalkaline rocks could have ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr around 0.707, which is assigned to the input of a component rich in alkalies, LREE and LIL elements. Genetic relationships with other Tertiary magmatites of similar geotectonic position are explained in terms of plate tectonic models of the Eastern Alps.     

Hydrogeochemistry and strontium isotopes of spring and mineral waters from Monte Vulture volcano,Italy

This paper describes the results of a study that was conducted to determine the relationship between hydrogeochemical composition and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope ratios of the Mt. Vulture spring waters. Forty samples of spring waters were collected from local outcrops of Quaternary volcanites. Physico-chemical parameters were measured in the field and analyses completed for major and minor elements and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotopic ratios. A range of water types was distinguished varying from alkaline-earth bicarbonate waters, reflecting less intense water–rock interaction processes to alkali bicarbonate waters, probably representing interaction with volcanic rocks of Mt. Vulture and marine evaporites. The average ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope ratios suggest at least 3 different sources. However, some samples have average Sr isotope ratios (0.70704–0.70778) well above those of the volcanites. These ratios imply interaction with other rocks having higher ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, probably Triassic evaporites, which is substantiated by their higher content of Na, SO₄ and Cl. The Sr isotope ratios for some samples (e.g. Toka and Traficante) are intermediate between the value for the Vulture volcanites and that for the local Mesozoic rocks. The salt content of these samples also lies between the value for waters interacting solely with the volcanites and the value measured in the more saline samples. These waters are thus assumed to result from the mixing of waters circulating in volcanic rocks with waters presumably interacting with the sedimentary bedrock (marine evaporites).