新疆阿尔泰印支期伟晶岩的成矿年代学研究

阿尔泰的伟晶岩长期以来被认为是海西期造山过程的产物。为了查明伟晶岩矿床的成矿时代,本文通过对伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床中白云母的40Ar 39Ar法同位素定年研究,首次在阿尔泰中部的大喀拉苏大型稀有金属矿床和小喀拉苏稀有金属矿床获得了新的同位素年龄数据,其坪年龄分别为248.42±2.11Ma和233.79±0.41Ma,从而证实了印支期稀有金属成矿作用的存在,提出了伟晶岩型矿床形成于多个时代,且稀有金属成矿作用主要发生在海西期造山运动之后的看法。     

阿尔泰加里东期变质成因伟晶岩型白云母矿床的成矿年代证据及其意义

本次工作通过野外调查和同位素年代学研究,首次在阿尔泰西部的也拉曼大型含绿柱石白云母矿床(426±13Ma)、阿尔泰中部的那森恰大型含绿柱石白云母矿床(447.7±0.4Ma)及阿尔泰东部的青河拜兴白云母伟晶岩脉(436.0±0.5Ma)中获得了可靠的加里东期成矿的同位素年代证据,从而为解决是否存在加里东期成矿的问题提供了重要依据,并进一步认识到阿尔泰地区的伟晶岩及伟晶岩型稀有金属-白云母矿床并非只形成于海西期。     

哀牢山造山带金矿成矿时序及其动力学背景探讨

哀牢山金矿带是我国最重要的喜马拉雅期造山型金矿带,形成于三江特提斯复合造山过程中。论文基于对哀牢山造山带金矿成矿作用的同位素定年结果,探讨了成矿年代学与构造-热事件的关系,厘定了其相关的地球动力学背景。已获得的最老成矿年龄集中于海西期,但过剩氩的存在导致视年龄值偏离真实成矿年龄,而最小视年龄(345.2±16Ma)与区域蛇绿岩的形成同时;含镍金黄铁矿硅质岩的含金量可能与热水沉积有关,其地球动力学环境对应于海底扩张和初始洋盆的形成。印支期是区域主碰撞造山高峰期,也是大规模岩浆活动与Cu-Ni-Pt-Pd硫化物矿床、VMS型Cu-Pb-Zn矿床及斑岩型Cu-Au矿床成矿集中期,其中老王寨金矿含金黄铁矿的Re-Os等时线年龄为229±38Ma。燕山期成矿年龄数据分散于180Ma、135Ma、110Ma和90Ma左右等多个时段,其中最晚时段年龄谱的最小视年龄值(91±1Ma)可能代表了一次较为重要的构造动力体制转换,该期(约90~70Ma)的区域成岩成矿(斑岩及斑岩型Cu-Mo-W-Au矿床)规模较大,表明增生造山→碰撞造山构造体制转换在研究区存在重要的成岩成矿响应。喜马拉雅期可能经历了早(63.09~61.55Ma)、主(36.10~33.76Ma)和晚(30.80~26.40Ma)三期金矿成矿-热事件,分别受控于印度-亚洲大陆碰撞早期的强烈汇聚挤压、早-晚期转换构造动力学体制,并可能受青藏高原物质东向逃逸和软流圈脉动隆起的联合制约,金矿大规模成矿作用与构造动力体制转换过程中的壳幔物质强烈交换与构造变形密切相关。     

中亚成矿域锂矿床成矿规律及成矿模式SCIEI北大核心CSCD

中亚成矿域发育一系列锂矿床,这些矿床主要分布在西伯利亚克拉通南部的造山带中,矿床的形成具有多期性,包括前寒武纪(1.85~1.83Ga)、晚寒武世-早奥陶世(494~483Ma)、早二叠世(294~272Ma)、晚三叠世-早白垩世(220~180Ma)和早白垩世(139~121Ma)等5个成矿期,矿床类型主要为伟晶岩型和花岗岩型。基于成矿构造背景和锂成矿特征的研究,以重要构造线为界,将成矿域划分为2个成矿省和7个成矿带:(1)阿尔泰-东萨彦成矿省,位于成矿域的西部,包括阿尔泰、桑吉伦高地和东萨彦等3个成矿带,主要发育伟晶岩型锂矿床,成矿作用集中在上述前4个成矿期,矿床形成与西伯利亚克拉通和古亚洲洋2个构造体系有关。(2)蒙古-鄂霍茨克成矿省,位于成矿域的东部,包括东外贝加尔成矿带以及Gobi Ugtaal-Baruun Urt和大兴安岭等2个锂远景成矿带,主要发育早白垩世花岗岩型锂矿床,矿床形成主要与蒙古-鄂霍次克构造体系有关。此外,在中国东天山发育少量晚三叠世伟晶岩型锂矿床,构成东天山锂远景成矿带,矿床形成与哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块和塔里木板块碰撞有关。中亚成矿域稀有金属花岗岩和大多数稀有金属伟晶岩为花岗质岩浆高分异结晶的产物,其结晶分异的驱动机制主要是热驱动。富含稀有金属的花岗岩和伟晶岩岩浆的形成温度偏低(~650℃),压力变化较大(500~170MPa);锂富集机理为岩浆结晶分异作用和流体不混溶作用。本次研究分别提出了阿尔泰伟晶岩型锂矿床的成矿模式“地壳熔融→深部花岗岩岩基→浅部稀有金属花岗岩岩枝-伟晶岩岩脉”和东外贝加尔花岗岩型锂矿床的成矿模式“地壳熔融→深部花岗岩岩基→浅部花岗岩-稀有金属花岗岩岩株”。     

新疆萨吾尔金矿带40Ar-39Ar年龄及其意义

利用石英 4 0 Ar-39Ar同位素年代学方法对萨吾尔金矿带中两个重要的金矿床进行了成矿年龄测定。阔尔真阔腊金矿床主成矿年龄为3 3 2 .0 5± 2 .0 2 Ma～ 3 3 2 .5 9± 0 .5 1Ma,布尔克斯岱金矿床主成矿年龄为 3 3 5 .5 3± 0 .3 2 Ma～ 3 3 6.78± 0 .5 0 Ma,二者的成矿时代一致 ,且与金矿带内钙碱性火山岩年龄 (3 43± 2 2 Ma)相近 ,这为解决长期存在的萨吾尔金矿带中两个主要金矿床成矿时代及矿床成因问题提供了有力的证据 ,同时还确定了海西期阿尔泰地区除已知的两期成矿作用 (早泥盆世和晚石炭世—二叠纪两期构造 -岩浆成矿作用 )外 …     

阿尔泰造山带和阿尔泰山构造成矿域的形成

阿尔泰造山带的形成过程经过了造山启动期、造山暂歇拉张期、主造山期和造山期后拉张期等4个发展阶段.基于构造-流体-成矿作用的一致性,重点剖析了阿尔泰山前铜-多金属、南缘金矿和山区稀有金属的成矿作用,提出了阿尔泰山构造成矿域形成的模式,发现它们与阿尔泰造山带的形成密切相关,阿尔泰造山带的形成过程就是阿尔泰山构造成矿域的形成过程.     

新疆阿尔泰造山带中伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床成矿 规律、找矿模型及其找矿方向

文章对阿尔泰造山带中的主要伟晶岩类型、时空分布特征、形成物源以及稀有金属矿化类型、形成条件(包括温度、压力、侵位深度)、可能控制因素等进行了归纳和总结,进而提出了阿尔泰伟晶岩成因模式、稀有金属矿化机制、伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床找矿模型及其找矿方向。阿尔泰稀有金属伟晶岩显示2个期次(同造山和后造山)和4个阶段(泥盆纪—早石炭世、二叠纪、三叠纪、早侏罗世)的成岩成矿特征。其中,以后造山阶段的三叠纪伟晶岩成岩及其Be、Li成矿作用最为显著。不同期次和阶段的伟晶岩显示规律的时空分布特征,稀有金属伟晶岩的成岩成矿明显受"构造-变质-物源-岩浆"的控制,而伟晶岩与周边花岗岩存在时代或物源上的解耦,表明阿尔泰伟晶岩不是由花岗质岩浆分异演化晚期的残余岩浆固结形成,由此提出阿尔泰不同时代伟晶岩的成因模式,即造山过程中加厚的不成熟地壳物质在伸展减压背景下发生小比例部分熔融(深熔)形成独立伟晶岩。通过对形成伟晶岩初始岩浆中磷含量、伟晶岩分异演化程度的评价以及基于围岩蚀变过程中全岩及蚀变矿物电气石中稀有金属Li、Rb、Cs含量特征,建立了阿尔泰伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床找矿模型、地质-地球化学找矿指标体系,并提出不同尺度的找矿方向。     

黑龙江东部那丹哈达地体燕山期金铜成矿系统——中生代岩浆作用与成矿背景

那丹哈达地体位于锡霍特—阿林造山带中部西缘,中生代以来发生了剧烈的构造—岩浆—成矿作用,发育有热泉型、火山热液型、浅成低温热液型以及矽卡岩型等铜金矿床。本文在详细的野外地质调查基础上,对四平山、先锋北山、258高地和跃进山4个典型矿床的成矿岩体进行主量元素、稀土、微量元素地球化学特征分析以及锆石U- Pb年代学研究,旨在探讨研究区燕山期铜金成矿构造背景与成矿模式。研究结果表明,四平山金矿床、先锋北山金矿床、258高地金矿床和跃进山铜金矿床成矿岩体的LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb年龄分别为122. 5±1. 1 Ma、117. 0±0. 4 Ma、116. 9±0. 8 Ma和115. 7±1. 1 Ma,矿床成矿时代属于早白垩世晚期。4个矿床的成矿岩体具有相似的岩石地球化学特征,属于中分异I型花岗岩,岩浆来源于地壳物质部分熔融源区,形成于碰撞后构造背景。结合矿床地质背景、锆石U- Pb年代学特征、地球化学特征以及区域构造演化,本文认为四平山金矿床、先锋北山金矿床、258高地金矿床和跃进山铜金矿床的成矿时代基本一致,成因均与燕山期中酸性岩浆相关,属于同一成矿系列,铜金成矿作用与古太平洋板块俯冲作用密切相关。     

滇西地区稀有金属宝石矿床成矿系列成矿规律与找矿方向

本文按矿床成矿系列理论研究方法, 初步厘定了滇西地区与燕山期—喜马拉雅期伟晶岩有关的稀有金属宝石矿床成矿系列及亚系列, 与第四纪表生作用有关的稀有金属矿床成矿系列及亚系列, 研究结果表明本地区在燕山期—喜马拉雅期发生了大规模的中-酸性岩浆侵入活动, 并形成众多的伟晶岩, 发生了重要的岩浆-热液成矿事件, 稀有金属铍、铌、钽、锂、铷、铯等矿产成矿主要与其有关, 构成了特定的稀有金属矿产矿床成矿系列。本文初步总结了滇西地区稀有金属矿产资源及其特征、矿床成矿系列及成矿规律, 分析了找矿潜力, 划分出找矿远景区, 深化了该区稀有金属矿产成矿规律认识。     

东秦岭钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄及其成矿动力学背景

东秦岭钼矿带位于华北克拉通南缘 ,集中分布于陕西省的金堆城地区、河南省栾川县南泥湖 -三道庄 -上房沟、嵩县雷门沟地区。钼矿床类型主要为斑岩型、斑岩 -矽卡岩型 ,少量热液碳酸盐岩脉型。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪法对南泥湖钼矿田、雷门沟钼矿床等 4个矿床 8件辉钼矿进行了 Re-Os同位素年龄测定 ,获得南泥湖矿床的辉钼矿 Re- Os模式年龄为 14 1.8± 2 .1Ma;三道庄矿床的辉钼矿 Re- Os模式年龄为 14 4 .5± 2 .2～ 14 5 .0± 2 .2 Ma,平均为 14 5 .0± 2 .2 Ma;上房沟矿床的辉钼矿 Re- Os模式年龄为 14 3.8± 2 .1～ 14 5 .8± 2 .1Ma,平均为 14 4 .8± 2 .1Ma;6件样品的等时线年龄为 14 1.5±7.8Ma(2σ) ;雷门沟钼矿床的 2件辉钼矿样品的 Re- Os模式年龄为 131.6± 2 .0～ 133.1± 1.9Ma,平均为 132 .4± 2 .0 Ma。结合前人资料 ,认为东秦岭钼矿的形成时代局限于 2 2 1.5± 0 .3～ 132 .4± 2 .0 Ma之间 ,主要出现在 2 2 1.5± 0 .3Ma左右和 14 4 .8± 2 .1～ 132 .4± 2 .0 Ma时限之间 ,其对应的地球动力学背景分别为华北克拉通与扬子克拉通的碰撞造山后陆内造山和伸展过程、中国东部构造体制大转换时期     

川西可尔因伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床的40Ar/39Ar年代及其构造意义

川西是中国重要的稀有金属矿产资源基地,川西可尔因伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床位于松潘-甘孜造山带主体的中心部位,对该造山带的演化过程具有重要的示踪意义.本文对可尔因地区根则岩体中白云母微斜长石伟晶岩脉和党坝白云母钠长石锂辉石伟晶岩脉进行了40Ar/39Ar定年研究,其白云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄分别为176.25±0.14Ma和152.43±0.60Ma.结合前人对可尔因岩体的成因认识和K-Ar、Rb-Sr、U-Pb同位素定年结果,推断出在印支晚期-燕山早期,该地区经历了多期岩浆演化,且持续了较长的时间,而伟晶岩的稀有金属矿化发生在岩浆活动末期的相对稳定和封闭的环境中.这些地质现象说明,松潘-甘孜造山带在经历了印支末期-燕山早期的剧烈构造运动后,在150 Ma左右进入相对稳定发展的阶段,直至喜马拉雅运动造成地壳急剧隆升,这段稳定时期为各种成矿作用的发生提供了必要条件.     

Calibration of GA1550 biotite standard for K/Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating

The mineral separate GA1550 biotite has become an international standard for K/Ar and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating studies, although it was prepared as an intralaboratory standard at ANU to monitor tracer depletion from a gas pipette. It is one of a small number of samples that has been calibrated against ³⁸Ar tracers, some of which had been mixed with known amounts of atmospheric argon, so that a so-called primary calibration has been performed. By measuring GA1550 biotite against additional tracers from the same batch we have determined the radiogenic argon content of this sample as 1.342 (± 0.007) × 10^? 9 mol/g, and together with the measured K content of 7.645 (± 0.050) weight percent, we derive a best estimate for the K/Ar age as 98.5 ± 0.5 Ma, where the error is derived from averaging the ages determined relative to the ³⁸Ar tracer.     

Instrumentation Development for In Situ 40Ar/39Ar Planetary Geochronology

The chronology of the Solar System, particularly the timing of formation of extra‐terrestrial bodies and their features, is an outstanding problem in planetary science. Although various chronological methods for in situ geochronology have been proposed (e.g., Rb‐Sr, K‐Ar), and even applied (K‐Ar), the reliability, accuracy, and applicability of the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar method makes it by far the most desirable chronometer for dating extra‐terrestrial bodies. The method however relies on the neutron irradiation of samples, and thus a neutron source. Herein, we discuss the challenges and feasibility of deploying a passive neutron source to planetary surfaces for the in situ application of the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar chronometer. Requirements in generating and shielding neutrons, as well as analysing samples are described, along with an exploration of limitations such as mass, power and cost. Two potential solutions for the in situ extra‐terrestrial deployment of the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar method are presented. Although this represents a challenging task, developing the technology to apply the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar method on planetary surfaces would represent a major advance towards constraining the timescale of solar system formation and evolution.     

Ar loss in experimentally deformed muscovite and biotite with implications for Ar/Ar geochronology of naturally deformed rocks

The effects of deformation on radiogenic argon (⁴⁰Ar^∗) retentivity in mica are described from high pressure experiments performed on rock samples of peraluminous granite containing euhedral muscovite and biotite. Cylindrical cores, ∼15 mm in length and 6.25 mm in diameter, were drilled from granite collected from the South Armorican Massif in northwestern France, loaded into gold capsules, and weld-sealed in the presence of excess water. The samples were deformed at a pressure of 10 kb and a temperature of 600 °C over a period 29 of hours within a solid medium assembly in a Griggs-type triaxial hydraulic deformation apparatus. Overall shortening in the experiments was approximately 10%. Transmitted light and secondary and backscattered electron imaging of the deformed granite samples reveals evidence of induced defects and for significant physical grain size reduction by kinking, cracking, and grain segmentation of the micas.Infrared (IR) laser (CO₂) heating of individual 1.5-2.5 mm diameter grains of muscovite and biotite separated from the undeformed granite yield well-defined ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau ages of 311 ± 2 Ma (2σ). Identical experiments on single grains separated from the experimentally deformed granite yield results indicating ⁴⁰Ar^∗ loss of 0-35% in muscovite and 2-3% ⁴⁰Ar^∗ loss in biotite. Intragrain in situ ultraviolet (UV) laser ablation ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages (±4-10%, 1σ) of deformed muscovites range from 309 ± 13 to 264 ± 7 Ma, consistent with 0-16% ⁴⁰Ar^∗ loss relative to the undeformed muscovite. The in situ UV laser ablation ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of deformed biotite vary from 301 to 217 Ma, consistent with up to 32% ⁴⁰Ar^∗ loss. No spatial correlation is observed between in situ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age and position within individual grains. Using available argon diffusion data for muscovite the observed ⁴⁰Ar^∗ loss in the experimentally treated muscovite can be utilized to predict average ⁴⁰Ar^∗ diffusion dimensions. Maximum ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages obtained by UV laser ablation overlap those of the undeformed muscovite, indicating argon loss of <1% and an average effective grain radius for ⁴⁰Ar^∗ diffusion ?700 μm. The UV laser ablation and IR laser incremental ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages indicating ⁴⁰Ar^∗ loss of 16% and 35%, respectively, are consistent with an average diffusion radius ?100 μm. These results support a hypothesis of grain-scale ⁴⁰Ar^∗ diffusion distances in undeformed mica and a heterogeneous mechanical reduction in the intragrain effective diffusion length scale for ⁴⁰Ar^∗ in deformed mica. Reduction in the effective diffusion length scale in naturally deformed samples occurs most probably through production of mesoscopic and submicroscopic defects such as, e.g., stacking faults. A network of interconnected defects, continuously forming and annealing during dynamic deformation likely plays an important role in controlling both ⁴⁰Ar^∗ retention and intragrain distribution in deformed mica. Intragrain ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages, when combined with estimates of diffusion kinetics and distances, may provide a means of establishing thermochronological histories from individual micas.     

~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年代学数据处理软件ArArCALC简介

ArArCALC是40Ar/39Ar法数据处理专业软件,A.A.P. Koppers以Visual Basic编写的Microsoft Excel"宏",在Windows 95-Vista系统上均可运行.经过不断改进,ArArCALC已经发展成为一种功能强大且使用方便的软件,可全面进行40Ar/39Ar数据计算,包括回归时间零点值、坪年龄、全熔年龄和等时线年龄计算并自动作图,给出分析误差、内部误差和外部误差.更重要的是,ArArCALC能将原始数据、各种参数、计算结果和图件以可编辑的Excel格式给出.ArArCALC交互性强,用户可随时对有关参数进行修改,重新计算,提高了数据处理效率.鉴于上述优点,特此引荐ArArCALC.     

40Ar39Ar dating of glauconites: Measured 39Ar recoil loss from well-crystallized specimens

Nine glauconite samples with relatively high K concentrations and which appear to be well crystallized using normal X-ray diffraction techniques have been studied using the ${}^{40}\text{Ar}{}^{39}\text{Ar}$ method. The glauconite ${}^{40}\text{Ar}{}^{39}\text{Ar}$ apparent ages exceed their KAr, RbSr and, in most cases, stratigraphic ages by substantial amounts. ${}^{40}\text{Ar}{}^{39}\text{Ar}$ release spectra sometimes yield plateaus but these apparent ages have no geological significance. The results indicate that ³⁹Ar is lost by recoil from mineral grains during neutron irradiation, consistent with previously reported observations. The amount of ³⁹Ar loss was measured by isotope dilution for four samples and varied from 29% to 17%. In contrast, radiogenic ⁴⁰Ar is quantitatively retained during irradiation. The very fine blades which make up glauconite grains yield the mineral susceptible to large amounts of ³⁹Ar loss and unsuitable for ${}^{40}\text{Ar}{}^{39}\text{Ar}$ dating.     

海绿石 K-Ar、40Ar/39Ar 年代学研究

海绿石是与沉积岩同时形成的高钾层状硅酸盐自生矿物，其 K-Ar、40Ar/39Ar 年龄存在失真现象。笔者认为，引起年龄失真的主要原因是由于该矿物结构中含有可膨胀层。通过测量可膨胀层含量及中子活化过程中39Ar的丢失率，使可对海绿石常规 K-Ar、40Ar/39Ar 年龄进行校正，得到其年龄校正公式。     

岩石微区激光探针质谱40Ar/39Ar定年研究

采用连续激光40Ar/39Ar测年技术，在岩石光片上成功地对贵州绿豆岩、南极地区3块火山岩及江西德兴钠长花岗岩进行了多点微区等时年龄测定；消除了过剩Ar的影响，部分样品作了40Ar/39Ar坪年龄谱测定，取得了满意的结果。     

Comparison of Conventional K–Ar and Ar/Ar Dating of Young Mafic Volcanic Rocks

K–Ar and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages have been measured on nine mafic volcanic rocks younger than 1 myr from the Snake River Plain (Idaho), Mount Adams (Washington), and Crater Lake (Oregon). The K–Ar ages were calculated from Ar measurements made by isotope dilution and K₂O measurements by flame photometry. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages are incremental-heating experiments using a low-blank resistance-heated furnace. The results indicate that high-quality ages can be measured on young, mafic volcanic rocks using either the K–Ar or the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar technique. The precision of an ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau age generally is better than the precision of a K–Ar age because the plateau age is calculated by pooling the ages of several gas increments. The precision of a plateau age generally is better than the precision of an isotope correlation (isochron) age for the same sample. For one sample the intercept of the isochron yielded an ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar value significantly different from the atmospheric value of 295.5. Recalculation of increment ages using the isochron intercept for the composition of nonradiogenic Ar in the sample resulted in much better agreement of ages for this sample. The results of this study also indicate that, given suitable material and modern equipment, precise K–Ar and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages can be measured on volcanic rocks as young as the latest Pleistocene, and perhaps even the Holocene.