海底玄武岩中斜长石研究及其岩石学意义

冲绳海槽海底玄武岩中存在着三种不同世代的斜长石 :斑晶、微晶和基质斜长石 ,它们的平均粒径分别为 10 0 μm±、13μm±和 2μm±。斑晶斜长石在结构上存在核部与边部之分 ,在成分上反映为 An值出现明显的两级“台阶”,即 An值在80～ 90间波动的核部“平台”和 An值在 60～ 70间波动的边部“平台”,边部“平台”的成分与微晶斜长石一致。斜长石的结晶温度显示 ,斑晶核部温度为 12 50℃± ,边部温度为 10 50℃± ,而基质斜长石的结晶温度在 950℃±。笔者认为斜长石的这些特征 ,基本反映了该玄武岩浆的活动过程 :斑晶斜长石的核部记录了源区特征 ,边部及微晶斜长石反映了岩浆房中活动的特征 ,基质斜长石则记录了岩浆喷出洋壳后的过程。     

加勒比海小安德列斯岛弧Kick’emJenny海底火山岩的斜长石成分环带:示踪大洋岛弧岩浆房的演化

我们对采自于加勒比海地区小安德列斯岛弧(Lesser Antilles Arc)Kick’em Jenny(KEJ)海底火山玄武岩中的斜长石斑晶进行了矿物形态和成分分析。利用电子探针(EMPA)和LA-ICP-MS测定了具有环带结构的斜长石斑晶中主量元素的空间分布,同时也利用LA-ICP-MS分析了斜长石中Sr的分布。结果表明,在不同的矿物斑晶中,元素含量均表现出和环带结构相联系的空间分布变化。斜长石斑晶中最主要的结构为韵律环带以及熔蚀结构,所测定的矿物边缘都存在An值从由内向外迅速降低的致密韵律环带,可能反映了快速结晶时的不平衡;而晶体内部的稀疏韵律环带结构是由岩浆填充或对流活动导致的。部分斜长石的熔蚀层An值由内向外升高,反映了高Ca岩浆填充的过程。这说明斜长石斑晶的矿物形态和元素环带可以用来制约俯冲带海底火山岩浆从源区上升到岩浆房再到喷发的复杂过程,包括岩浆演化、熔体多次填充、熔体与结晶矿物之间的反应、以及矿物再熔融等。这对于理解海底火山的喷发以及岛弧岩浆岩的演化有重要意义。     

浙江雁荡山火山-侵入杂岩的岩浆混合作用——暗色包体中长石环带的证据

浙江雁荡山是中国东南部燕山晚期巨型火山-侵入杂岩带的重要组成部分。对其中央侵入相石英正长斑岩的暗色微粒包体中的斑晶和基质斜长石进行了详细的内部结构和成分分析,揭示了斜长石复杂环带的成因和相关的岩浆作用过程。斑晶斜长石由熔蚀的核部和表面干净的幔部组成,边部包裹有钾长石膜。核部斜长石呈浑圆状或港湾状,内部发育筛状结构,An成分显著低于幔部斜长石,代表来自酸性岩浆房中早期结晶的斜长石捕掳晶。同时,幔部斜长石与自形、表面干净的基质斜长石具有类似的An含量,且两者均含有针状磷灰石的包裹体,应结晶自与暗色微粒包体相应的基性岩浆。长石的复杂结构记录了雁荡山火山-侵入杂岩形成过程中的岩浆混合作用和岩浆演化过程。岩浆混合之后的火山喷发活动,造成岩浆房的压力突然减小,温压条件达到钾长石结晶的区域,在石英正长斑岩的斑晶斜长石和暗色包体中的斑晶与基质斜长石外均形成钾长石膜,构成反环斑结构。     

浙江雁荡山火山-侵入杂岩的岩浆混合作用——暗色包体中长石环带的证据

浙江雁荡山是中国东南部燕山晚期巨型火山-侵入杂岩带的重要组成部分。对其中央侵入相石英正长斑岩的暗色微粒包体中的斑晶和基质斜长石进行了详细的内部结构和成分分析,揭示了斜长石复杂环带的成因和相关的岩浆作用过程。斑晶斜长石由熔蚀的核部和表面干净的幔部组成,边部包裹有钾长石膜。核部斜长石呈浑圆状或港湾状,内部发育筛状结构,An成分显著低于幔部斜长石,代表来自酸性岩浆房中早期结晶的斜长石捕掳晶。同时,幔部斜长石与自形、表面干净的基质斜长石具有类似的An含量,且两者均含有针状磷灰石的包裹体,应结晶自与暗色微粒包体相应的基性岩浆。长石的复杂结构记录了雁荡山火山-侵入杂岩形成过程中的岩浆混合作用和岩浆演化过程。岩浆混合之后的火山喷发活动,造成岩浆房的压力突然减小,温压条件达到钾长石结晶的区域,在石英正长斑岩的斑晶斜长石和暗色包体中的斑晶与基质斜长石外均形成钾长石膜,构成反环斑结构。     

印度尼西亚克拉卡托火山安山质熔岩斑晶矿物中的岩浆包裹体

印度尼西亚克拉卡托火山安山岩的各类矿物斑晶中舍大量岩浆包裹体。根据岩浆包裹体均一温度和化学成分，可以建立如下斑晶矿物结晶顺序(由早至晚)：斜长石中心相(An83—72)、橄榄石→斜长石过渡相(An61)、单斜辉石、钛磁铁矿→斜长石边缘相(An54-42)。斜长石斑晶中心部分在5kb压力的岩浆深处结晶。高压环境和高钛含量，有利于早期斜长石斑晶所含岩浆包裹体中发生硅酸盐液体不混溶作用。这是板块构造消减带中安山质熔岩的特点。     

东昆仑东段哈拉尕吐花岗岩基岩浆混合作用:来自岩石学和矿物学约束

哈拉尕吐花岗岩基位于东昆仑东段,其中花岗闪长岩岩浆混合作用明显,是研究岩浆混合作用的良好对象.从岩石学、岩相学和矿物化学等方面对哈拉尕吐花岗岩基进行了详细研究.电子探针结果显示:寄主岩斜长石的An值同相对应包体中斜长石捕掳晶近似;包体中基质斜长石大部分具核边结构,核部和边部An值存在间断;部分包体中浅色基质斜长石的An值与具核边结构斜长石的边部近似;辉长闪长岩中斜长石具较高的An值.寄主岩角闪石同相对应包体中角闪石捕掳晶的结晶温度、压力和氧逸度较为接近;包体中基质角闪石的结晶温度和压力低于寄主岩角闪石,氧逸度稍高于寄主岩角闪石;辉长闪长岩角闪石具有最高的结晶温度和压力及最低的氧逸度.哈图沟剖面和德福胜剖面寄主岩中的斜长石和角闪石的成分具有一定差别.岩浆不同期次侵入结晶和岩浆自身演化,使不同地点斜长石和角闪石的成分和物理化学特征具有一定变化.镁铁质岩浆位于地壳深部,氧逸度较低,使结晶的角闪石具有较高的形成压力和较低的氧逸度,斜长石具较高An值;随着镁铁质岩浆注入寄主岩,由于环境突变,使斜长石受到熔蚀;由于岩浆上侵以及两种岩浆物理化学性质差别较大,导致温度、压力和水饱和度降低,氧逸度升高,使包体中残留岩浆快速结晶,形成具核边结构、浅色均一的斜长石,以及结晶程度较差、较高氧逸度的角闪石.      

新疆百口泉闪长岩中高An值斜长石的成因及岩石学意义

岩浆成因的高An值斜长石(An80~100)是玄武质岩浆早期结晶的产物,由于其形成条件较为苛刻,它对于限定寄主岩浆条件和探讨岩石成因有重要的指示作用。在新疆西准噶尔百口泉地区发育含高An值斜长石(An80~90)的闪长岩,高An值斜长石呈不规则包裹体形式存在于闪长岩主体斜长石中(An40~60)。锆石SHRIMP定年显示百口泉闪长岩形成于316.9±2.9Ma(MSWD=1.5),闪长岩主、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素与区域内同时期岩浆作用产物具有相似的演化趋势。根据闪长岩岩石学特征,结合高An值斜长石的实验研究成果,本文认为百口泉闪长岩中的高An值斜长石不是捕虏晶,也不是闪长岩的结晶产物,而是与闪长岩成岩过程相关的循环晶。依据角闪石铝压力计的估算,闪长岩结晶于1.2~2.9kbar,与实验条件下获得的高An值斜长石产出的压力范围相符。高An值斜长石的产出表明原始岩浆具有富水、亏损的特征,对于探讨整个岩浆系统的演化过程有重要指示意义。     

丹东地区花岗岩类岩石中碱性长石斑晶成因初探

丹东地区两套中生代花岗岩系中许多岩体都含碱性长石斑晶。这些斑晶具有许多相似的性质,它们呈自形晶,粒度大,具卡氏双晶。其中斜长石、黑云母等包裹体平行斑晶的生长面而呈环状排列。通常核部附近的包裹物为斜长石,而石英反被包裹在斑晶的边缘。斑晶中Ab、An和钡的含量也较基质碱性长石高。由二长石温度计计算的斑晶生成温度为700℃左右。X—光衍射数据表明,斑晶主要为中间微外长石,少量为正长石和微斜长石,这些都说明了斑晶乃岩浆结晶产物。根据实验资料,还讨论了斑晶的结晶过程,并认为斑晶的晶出反映了岩浆高水压力的特点。     

冲绳海槽玄武岩中单斜辉石的特征及其意义

冲绳海槽海底玄武岩中存在着三种不同世代的单斜辉石,即斑晶,微晶和基质辉石,它们的平均粒径分别约为400μm,30μm和5μm。斑晶辉石在电子探针下可见到明显的核部与边部之分;微晶辉石无明显的环带构造;基质辉石粒径细小但数量较大。这三个世代的辉石在成分上差异较为明显,从斑晶辉石的核部→边部和微晶辉石→基质辉石,成分从富铁向富镁,钙方向演化,这与封闭体系的辉石成分演化趋势正好相反,辉石的形态和成分特征反映出该玄武岩浆存在岩浆混合的特征,它们也可反演该地幔岩浆的活动过程;源自上地幔的拉斑玄武岩浆,在从源区向浅部岩浆房上升,运移过程中,受到携带相对富铁单斜辉石的较酸性岩浆的注入,混合;在浅部岩浆房中,混合岩浆结晶形成斑晶的边部和微晶辉石;基质辉石则是岩浆喷出洋底后淬冷结晶的结果,冲 槽玄武岩中三个世代的单斜辉石较好的完整记录了地幔岩浆后系列活动过程。     

东昆仑东段香加南山花岗岩基斜长石成分组成与岩浆演化和混合作用

东昆仑东段香加南山花岗岩基岩浆混合作用明显,斜长石作为主要造岩矿物,是研究岩石成因、示踪岩浆演化和岩浆混合过程的有效工具。对香加南山花岗岩基中寄主岩及暗色微粒包体中的斜长石进行岩相学和矿物化学研究。电子探针结果显示:寄主岩中正常环带斜长石(39~48,21~36)、包体中斜长石捕掳晶(41~49,35~36,43~49,31~47,27~38)和寄主岩矿物中包裹斜长石(29~45,14~32)具有演化的An值;部分寄主岩斜长石核部由于受到后期蚀变具有较高的An值(59~72)。包体中基质斜长石大部分具核边结构,核部(52,31)和边部(33~37,25)An值存在间断;少量斜长石核部受到蚀变,An值较低(49),幔部(55~71)An值高于边部(46~49);部分包体中基质斜长石核部呈补丁状,暗色部分An值较高(66),浅色部分An值较低(33~39)。包体中斜长石捕掳晶主要分为干净斜长石捕掳晶和含有矿物的斜长石捕掳晶两大类,干净斜长石环带明显或聚片双晶发育,An值变化范围较小(41~49,35~36);含有暗色矿物的斜长石捕掳晶An值整体也呈震荡变化(43~49,31~47,27~38),但由于受到蚀变,部分测点An值较高(78),少量斜长石具有高An值增生边(73)。以上研究显示,结晶于寄主岩的斜长石正常演化序列反映寄主岩从演化早期到晚期,岩浆逐渐从偏基性向酸性转变;包体基质斜长石为包体进入寄主岩温度、压力和水饱和度降低导致斜长石受到熔蚀后继续结晶结果;包体中斜长石捕掳晶来自寄主岩,由于进入包体后温度和压力产生变化,以及后期生长,导致斜长石的成分和构造有所不同。香加南山花岗岩基及暗色微粒包体中斜长石的复杂环带为幔源镁铁质岩浆注入长英质岩浆混合作用的结果。     

南海新生代玄武岩中单斜辉石地球化学特征 及其地质意义

南海新生代玄武岩中发育有大量的单斜辉石斑晶,与橄榄石、角闪石等斑晶共存,多数被熔蚀,呈浑圆状,部分发育有很窄的反应边。研究表明单斜辉石具有巨晶的特征,是在高压下在与寄主岩同源的岩浆中形成,没有经历长时间的沉淀生长而直接向上运移被带到地表,因而具有巨晶的主量及微量元素的特征却不具有巨晶的形态。单斜辉石稀土元素含量不高,HREE及LREE亏损,而MREE富集;大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Sr均出现明显的亏损,高场强元素Nb、Zr出现亏损而Hf略富集。Nb、Ta与Zr、Hf分馏明显。Th较为富集,而Pb强烈亏损,U的变化范围较大。研究发现南海新生代玄武岩中的单斜辉石的来源较为简单,为地幔柱的直接产物,并没有受到洋中脊—地幔柱相互作用的影响,由于岩浆上升速度较快压力迅速下降,橄榄石大量晶出,引起了岩浆成分的变化,致使单斜辉石与寄主岩成分和结构上没有达到平衡。     

The petrogenesis of an I-type volcanic-plutonic suite: The St. Marys Porphyrite,Tasmania

The Devonian I-type St. Marys Porphyrite (388±1Ma) comprises two petrographically similar units, an 800 m thick pyroclastic sheet (compositionally dacite and rhyolite) and a subvolcanic feeder dyke. The pyroclastics are crystal-rich and contain (in order of decreasing abundance) plagioclase, quartz, biotite, augite, hypersthene and sanidine phenocrysts in an aphanitic groundmass.The early phenocryst assemblage clinopyroxene+orthopyroxene+plagioclase was followed by crystallisation of less magnesian pyroxene, more sodic plagioclase and biotite, quartz and K-feldspar. The phenocrysts crystallised at high temperature, between 1,000°-850° C, and at a pressure of 2.5±1 kb from a water undersaturated (<2.5 wt.%) magma in a chamber underlying the intrusive centre.At least two eruptive phases are present in the pyroclastic pile, each commencing with rhyolite. Bulk chemical variation probably reflects a zonation in the magma chamber prior to eruption. The low pressure phenocryst crystallisation conditions and the pyroxene Fe-enrichment trend with falling temperature support a fractional crystallisation model. The chemical variation can be explained by 20% fractional crystallisation involving plagioclase, quartz, biotite and pyroxene in proportions similar to modal phenocryst abundances.Volcanics like the St. Marys Porphyrite preserve evidence of their early magmatic history by quenching of mineral phases. Textural relationships and physico-chemical parameters deduced from the St. Marys Porphyrite are applicable to the interpretation of I-type granitoids in eastern Australia and elsewhere and constrain petrogenetic models for their genesis. Pyroxene cores of hornblende grains, pyroxene inclusions in plagioclase and corroded cores of plagioclase crystals may be formed through magmatic crystallisation and need not represent restite.     

A petrological study of the younger Tongan andesites and dacites,and the olivine tholeiites of Niua Fo'ou Island,S. W. Pacific

Basaltic andesites are the dominant Tongan magma type, and are characterized by phenocrysts of augite, orthopyroxene (or rarely pigeonite), and calcic plagioclase (modally most abundant phase, and interpreted as the liquidus phase). The plagioclase phenocrysts exhibit slight oscillatory reverse zoning except for abrupt and thin more sodic rims, which are interpreted to develop during eruptive quenching. These rim compositions overlap those of the groundmass plagioclase. The pyroxene phenocrysts also exhibit only slight compositional zoning except for the outermost rim zones; the compositions of these rims, together with the groundmass pyroxenes, vary throughout the compositional range of subcalcic augite to ferroaugite through pigeonite to ferropigeonite, and are interpreted in terms of quench-controlled crystallization. This is supported, for example, by the random distribution of Al solid solution in the groundmass pyroxenes, compared to the more regular behaviour of Al in the phenocryst pyroxenes. The analysed Niua Fo'ou olivine tholeiites are aphyric; groundmass phases are plagioclase (An_17–88), olivine (Fa_18–63), titanomagnetite (usp. _59–73), and augite-ferroaugite which does not extend to subcalcic compositions; this is interpreted to be due to higher quenching temperatures and lower viscosities of these tholeiites compared to the basaltic andesites.Application of various geothermometers to the basaltic andesites suggest initial eruptive quenching temperatures of 1,008–1,124 ° C, plagioclase liquidus temperatures (1 bar) of 1,210–1,277 ° C, and orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene equilibration of 990–1,150 ° C. These calculated temperatures, together with supporting evidence (e.g. absence of olivine and amphibole, liquidus plagioclase, and plagioclase zoning patterns) are interpreted in terms of phenocryst crystallization from magmas that were either strongly water undersaturated, nearly anhydrous, or at best, water saturated at very low pressures (< 0.5 kb). This interpretation implies that these Tongan basaltic andesites did not originate by any of the currently proposed mechanisms involving hydrous melting within or above the Benioff zone.     

Andesites and Dacites from Daisen Volcano, Japan: Partial-to-Total Remelting of an Andesite Magma Body

Voluminous andesite and dacite lavas of Daisen volcano, SW Japan,contain features suggesting the reverse of normal fractionation(anti-fractionation), in the sense that magma genesis progressedfrom dacite to andesite, accompanied by rises in temperature.A positive correlation exists between phenocryst content (0–40vol. %) and wt % SiO₂ (61–67%). Phenocryst-rich dacitescontain hornblende and plagioclase that are generally unaltered,clear, and euhedral. However, phenocryst-poor rocks containsieve-textured plagioclase, resorbed plagioclase, and opacitein which hornblendes are pseudomorphed. Some Daisen rocks containtwo coexisting pyroxenes. Many orthopyroxene phenocrysts fromtwo-pyroxene lavas have high-Ca overgrowth rims (up to 50 µm),a feature consistent with crystallization from a higher-temperaturemagma than the core. Rim compositions are similar from phenocrystto phenocryst in individual samples. Temperatures of 800–900°Care obtained from the cores, whereas temperatures of 1000–1100°Care indicated for the rims. Lavas ranging from aphyric andesite(     

Petrological Significance of Zoned Plagioclase in Eldjurti Granite and Mafic Microgranular Enclaves,North Caucasus,Russia

Plagioclase phenocrysts from mafic enclaves and plagioclase from its host granite possess a pat-tern of complex zonation .A plagioclase phenocryst can generally be divided into three parts:an oscillatory, locally patchy zoned core (An47-19),a ring with dusty, more calcic plagioclase (An64-20) and a normally zoned rim composed of sodic plagioclase (An22-3.3). Major discontinuities in zoning coincide with resorption surfaces that are overgrown by the more calcic plagioclase.The cores of large plagioclase phenocrysts from mafic enclaves and host granite show similar zoning patterns and similar compositions, indicating their crystallization under the same conditions .Steep normal zoning of the rims of plagioclases both from host granite and mafic enclaves illustrates a drastic decrease in An content which is considered to have resulted from the continuous differentiation of hybrid magma and efficient heat loss because of the upward emplacement of the residual magma.Wide rims of plagioclases from the host granite against the discrete rims of plagioclases from mafic enclaves indicate that differentiation and cooling lasted much longer in the host granite than in the mafic enclaves.     

Crystallization history of granophyric intrusives from the Peruvian Coastal Batholith

In the Huaura centred complex, a component of the Coastal Batholith of Peru, water undersaturated granitic magma of the San Jeronimo suite rose from an environment of 4–7 kb pressure to be emplaced at pressures of ca. 0.5 kb. Within the suite, different magma compositions originated from the partial melting of contrasting quartz-rich and quartz-poor source rocks. Initially marginal crystallization resulted in granitic textures with early precipitation of plagioclase, quartz, magnetite, biotite and hornblende under relatively reducing conditions. Subsequent residual concentration of water and oxygen in the centre of the pluton gave rise to more oxidizing conditions and ultimately water saturation resulted in rupture of the pluton roof. The consequent quenching resulted in extensive development of granophyric textures in the residual magma. Distribution of Rb, Sr and major elements can be explained largely by fractionation of ca. 18 % of the observed phenocryst assemblage. Ba depletion and Rb enrichment with evolution of the magma suggest an important role for diffusive transfer during the late episode of granophyre crystallization.     

广东三水盆地始新世火山岩地球化学特征

广东三水盆地的演化伴随着强烈的火山活动.为研究三水盆地各类岩石之间的演化关系, 对在盆地内的玄武岩、粗面岩和流纹岩样品进行常量、微量元素地球化学分析.对样品的地球化学投图表明: 玄武岩样品表现为轻稀土富集的板内玄武岩稀土配分模式, 而其微量元素也具有Nb、Ti富集、Sr弱亏损的特征, 由部分熔融产生;粗面岩与流纹岩样品稀土与微量元素配分模式相似, 两类岩石均经历以斜长石为主的分离结晶过程.华南陆缘在始新世早期处于与红海相似的大陆裂谷环境, 喷发来源于深部软流圈地幔的岩浆, 但在42 Ma之后, 火山活动因区域挤压作用而停止.其后的南海扩张可能是两种作用的叠加影响的结果.      

The magma mixing origin of mantled feldspars

The key to mantled feldspar genesis is epitaxial nucleation of plagioclase on K-feldspar or K-feldspar on plagioclase. Once this nucleation takes place there is a relatively straightforward process of crystal growth yielding rapakivi and antirapikivi textures. The most common mantling is plagioclase on K-feldspar which occurs in both volcanic and plutonic environments. In the volcanic environment the morphology of the plagioclase overgrowth typically is dendritic, though in subvolcanic and shallow plutonic environments dendritic growth is followed by a more or less continuous non-cellular shell of plagioclase. In the plutonic environment, early stages of plagioclase overgrowth also tend to be dendritic, although with coarser-grained characteristics. Dendritic morphology is thus a common denominator in rapakivi genesis. Since growth of dendritic plagioclase is clearly related to marked undercooling in silicate melt systems its occurrence in many volcanic rocks is to be expected. Equivalent quenching in the plutonic environment requires a cooling mechanism independent of conductive heat transfer to wallrock and also independent of effective cooling related to sudden loss of volatile phases that could only occur late in the crystallization of most magmas and therefore after much dendritic plagioclase had already formed. Internal quenching of portions of magma systems must occur if mafic magma is abruptly mixed with felsic magma. Such magma mixing yields a heterogeneous system at first, one that is in a drastic state of disequilibrium and tending to force nucleation of one feldspar type on the surface of another resulting in epitaxial crystallization of dendritic plagioclase on K-feldspar. Mantling of one feldspar type by another during magma mixing is paralleled by dendritic growth zones in coexisting plagioclase crystals.Mantling textures occur in hybrid rocks of magma mixing origin. Some of the hybrid rocks are fine-grained, mafic-rich, and may contain phenocrysts of quartz, plagioclase, and K-feldspar. They occur as rounded inclusions in calc-alkaline granites and granodiorites. The host plutons themselves commonly have mantled feldspars or at least plagioclase with the unusual zoning characteristics commonly accompanying rapakivi texture. Magma-mixing tends to occur in batches so that hybrid crystal-melt systems, the calc-alkaline granitic plutons, become intrusive into earlier hybrid crystal-melt systems, represented by the mafic-rich inclusions.