大兴安岭扎兰屯地区前寒武纪变质岩系年龄及其构造意义

大兴安岭扎兰屯地区出露较多的前寒武纪变质岩系,包括先前认为是古元古代的兴华渡口群、新元古代的佳疙瘩组和新元古代—早寒武世的倭勒根岩群,但一直缺少精确的年代学依据。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年,对这3个变质岩群的原岩时代进行了厘定。结果显示,兴华渡口群中绿泥石白云母片岩的锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为520.1±4.3Ma(n=11,MSWD=1.6),佳疙瘩组中长英质糜棱岩锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为512.0±2.9Ma,倭勒根岩群中绿泥绢云片岩最年轻锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为491.7±11.9Ma,年龄最密集区加权平均值为516.7±4.5Ma。锆石图像特征及Th/U值均显示岩浆型锆石特征。综上所述,扎兰屯地区出露的兴华渡口群、佳疙瘩组和倭勒根群形成时代均为早古生代早期,而非先前认为的"前寒武纪"。同时,上述年龄谱系表明,该地区在480~500Ma和500~530Ma存在2期强烈的岩浆活动,应与东北地区晚泛非期岩浆-变质事件有关。     

滇西澜沧岩群碎屑锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

虽然前人对澜沧岩群做了大量的研究,但缺乏同位素年代学方面的研究。此次研究针对澜沧江南段菖蒲塘-大田山地区澜沧岩群绢白云母石英片岩进行碎屑锆石U-Pb定年,为澜沧岩群的形成时代增添年代学证据。极大多数(129粒)锆石阴极发光(CL)图像显示其有明显的结晶振荡环带,指示其为岩浆成因的碎屑锆石,129粒碎屑锆石具有多组峰值年龄,最年轻一组年龄加权平均值为452±26Ma,表明澜沧岩群最早沉积时限不早于452±26Ma;极少数(1粒)锆石具弱阴极发光,缺乏内部结构特点,认为其为变质重结晶锆石,变质结晶锆石U-Pb年龄为255±3Ma,与前人研究所得澜沧岩群变质时代基本吻合。综合分析,澜沧岩群的沉积时限不早于452±26Ma,在二叠纪末期可能发生变质作用。     

Assessment of geochemical anomalies for gold exploration using lead isotopes in west Hainan, China

Lead isotopic ratios and Pb contents have been measured along typical profiles across orebodies of the Baoban and Tuwaishan gold deposits on Hainan Island, China. These deposits are hosted by the middle to upper Proterozoic Baoban Group, which is composed of migmatite and extends for about 51 km on the hanging-wall side of the Gezhen Fault. The deposits have a common initial Pb isotopic ratio of ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.683, but show distinctive variations within each deposit.The Pb isotopic ratios are more homogeneous in the orebodies and altered auriferous rocks than in the migmatite wall rocks. The richest orebody in the study area is known as the V1 orebody of the Baoban deposit; it has the lowest and most homogeneous ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratio. This feature suggests that in this migmatitic area, it is possible to distinguish ores from barren wall rocks, and rich ore shoots from non-commercial mineralization, by their distinctive Pb isotopic ratios.A lower initial Pb isotopic ratio (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb= 18.538) was measured in two other deposits, Beiniu and Erjia, which occur in the same migmatite and are controlled by the same fault as the Baoban and Tuwaishan deposits. Therefore, two metallogenic phases may have taken place, one at 85 Ma and the other at 170 Ma; these ages can be calculated using the Pb growth model of Cumming and Richards.The feasibility of evaluating geochemical anomalies through their Pb isotopic signatures was investigated by comparing the Pb isotopic ratios of B horizon soils from significant and non-significant anomalies with those obtained from the ores and alteration zone rocks. The results show that the Pb isotopic ratios in significant anomalies are consistent with those of the ores, whereas the signatures of non-significant anomalies are heterogeneous and rather different from those of the ores.Six unexplored anomalies have been evaluated using this criteria; five of them were found to be non-significant. One anomaly, however, presents the same signature as the Beiniu deposit, suggesting that it may be related to undiscovered ore close to the Gezhen Fault. Plans have been made to drill this target.     

西藏波龙斑岩铜金矿床钾长石和绢云母40Ar/39Ar年龄及其地质意义

西藏波龙斑岩铜金矿床是新近在青藏高原中部发现的规模最大的斑岩型矿床。文章对该矿床内的蚀变钾长石和蚀变绢云母进行了⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年代学测试,获得蚀变钾长石的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar坪年龄为(118.33±0.60) Ma,反等时线年龄为(118.49±0.74) Ma (初始⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar=286.1±8.4),表明波龙斑岩铜金矿床的钾化蚀变年龄为118~119 Ma;蚀变绢云母的⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar坪年龄为(121.61±0.67) Ma,反等时线年龄为(121.1±2.0) Ma (初始⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar=279±19)。由于蚀变绢云母测试样品内可能混入了斜长石,受其影响,蚀变绢云母测年结果的下限可能代表了该矿床绢英岩化蚀变年龄。这些蚀变钾长石和蚀变绢云母⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar测年结果与波龙矿床的成岩年龄值和成矿年龄值在误差范围内基本一致,表明该矿床的钾化和绢英岩化与成岩、成矿同期,该矿床的岩浆-热液活动过程的时限为121~118 Ma。     

北秦岭宽坪岩群变质沉积岩年代学及地质意义

宽坪岩群位于北秦岭造山带,主要由广东坪岩组斜长角闪岩、四岔口岩组云母石英片岩及谢湾岩组的大理岩组成。通过LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb测年研究,宽坪岩群谢湾岩组碎屑锆石年龄为400~3502 Ma,其中最年轻一组的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄在380~418 Ma,结合黑云母⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar（370.9±2.0）Ma的变质年龄,表明谢湾岩组形成在晚泥盆世。四岔口岩组碎屑锆石年龄介于512~3598 Ma,最年轻的一组锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄在512~549 Ma,其黑云母⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar变质年龄为（370.4±1.8）Ma,表明该组形成于512 Ma（早寒武世）之后,晚泥盆世之前,主体很可能形成于早古生代。宽坪岩群是由不同时代的地层和岩片构成,应该进一步解体。宽坪岩群物源来自华北陆块、秦岭造山带和扬子陆块。其变形变质时代为晚泥盆世,代表了北秦岭造山带碰撞造山的结束时代。     

海南岛前寒武纪地层的确定其大地构造演化

通过钐—钕同位素测定,抱板群中的斜长角闪片岩、混合花岗片麻岩及其中的暗色包体等时线年龄分别为1.7Ga、1.4Ga和2.9Ga.用单矿物铅同位素测斜长角闪片岩、混合花岗片麻岩年龄分别为1.1～1.2Ga和940Ma.铷—锶全岩等时线法测得抱板群斜长角闪片岩和石碌群、抱板群中的云母片岩为1.3Ga和1.2Ga。因此,海南岛存在着前寒武纪地层,其中,具有花岗—绿岩且含有玄武质科马提岩组合的抱板群是前寒武纪结晶基底或前地槽构造层.石碌群是地槽早期发展阶段形成的构造亚层。海南岛大地构造演化经历了前地槽(X)、地槽(Ⅰ)、地台(Ⅱ)、地洼(Ⅲ)等多个发展阶段。     

内蒙古锡林浩特跃进公社地区温都尔庙群年代学、地球化学特征及构造环境

温都尔庙群为一套绢云绿泥石英片岩、绢云石英片岩、二云石英片岩、黑云斜长片麻岩、变粒岩、石英岩等的变质岩组合,形成于新元古代。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果显示,温都尔庙群中的岩浆热事件年龄为459.0±1.8Ma,变质年龄为898.9±5.2Ma,即锡林浩特地区存在900Ma左右的变质基底岩系。温都尔庙群片岩样品显示轻稀土元素富集的中等分异特征,并有一定的负Eu异常,其稀土元素分布模式接近于安第斯型;在微量元素原始地幔标准化图解中,出现明显的高场强元素Nb负异常,表明原岩受地壳混染作用影响;Sr/Ba平均值为0.30,小于1,基本反映了副变质岩的特点。通过岩石地球化学图解分析,认为本区温都尔庙群哈尔哈达组的原岩为沉积岩,岩性主要为砂岩和泥岩。地球化学特征及形成构造环境判别结果表明,温都尔庙群哈尔哈达组片岩原岩沉积环境为活动大陆边缘体系。     

台湾东澳片岩锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

台湾东澳片岩位于台湾东部,属太鲁阁带的北东部分,由绿泥绿帘片岩、绿泥钠长片岩、云母石英片岩、石英片岩夹含石墨云母片岩组成。在野外地质调查的基础上,结合岩石学、岩石主微量元素分析研究结果表明,原岩为玄武岩、副长岩或碱性玄武岩及陆源碎屑岩,岩石主要为碱性系列,具低Ba、Sr和高Pb,稀土总量普遍较低,具有轻稀土富集、铕无亏损的稀土分布模式,与陆源裂陷的火山(岩浆)-沉积作用特征类似;锆石可分为自形晶或尖棱角状、次棱角状及圆状三类;LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄具多个峰值,其中206Pb/238U有4个,最小值为(95±3)Ma,为自形晶或尖棱角状锆石,代表了晚白垩世火山作用的时代;其余3个分别为(118±2)Ma(早白垩世)、(160±5)Ma(晚侏罗世)、(250±3)Ma(早三叠世),为次棱角状和少量自形晶锆石,代表了相应时代源岩的岩浆年龄;207Pb/206Pb表面年龄峰值2个,分别为(1838±41)Ma和(2404±27)Ma(古元古代),为磨圆状的变质锆石或岩浆锆石,代表了古元古代变质基底的年龄。东澳片岩形成时代为晚白垩世,属欧亚陆块边缘构造环境下火山-沉积作用的产物。     

Re-evaluation of the petrogenesis of the Proterozoic Jabiluka unconformity-related uranium deposit, Northern Territory, Australia

The world class Jabiluka unconformity-related uranium deposit in the Alligator Rivers Uranium Field, Australia, contains >163,000 tons of contained U₃O₈. Mineralization is hosted by shallow-to-steeply dipping basement rocks comprising graphitic units of chlorite–biotite–muscovite schist. These rocks are overlain by flat-lying coarse-grained sandstones belonging to the Kombolgie Subgroup. The deposit was discovered in 1971, but has never been mined. The construction of an 1,150 m decline into the upper eastern sector of the Jabiluka II deposit combined with closely spaced underground drilling in 1998 and 1999 allowed mapping and sampling from underground for the first time. Structural mapping, drill core logging and petrographic studies on polished thin sections established a detailed paragenesis that provided the framework for subsequent electron microprobe and X-ray diffraction, fluid inclusion, and O–H, U–Pb and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar isotope analysis. Uranium mineralization is structurally controlled within semi-brittle shears that are sub-conformable to the basement stratigraphy, and breccias that are developed within the hinge zone of fault-related folds adjacent to the shears. Uraninite is intimately associated with chlorite, sericite, hematite ± quartz. Electron microprobe and X-ray diffraction analysis of syn-ore illite and chlorite indicates a mineralization temperature of 200°C. Pre- and syn-ore minerals extracted from the Kombolgie Subgroup overlying the deposit and syn-ore alteration minerals in the Cahill Formation have δ¹⁸O_fluid and δD _fluid values of 4.0±3.7 and −27±17‰, respectively. These values are indistinguishable from illite separates extracted from diagenetic aquifers in the Kombolgie Subgroup up to 70 km to the south and east of the deposit and believed to be the source of the uraniferous fluid. New fluid inclusion microthermometry data reveal that the mineralising brine was saline, but not saturated. U–Pb and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ratios of uraninite by laser-ablation ICP-MS suggest that massive uraninite first precipitated at ca. 1,680 Ma, which is coincident with the timing of brine migration out from the Kombolgie Subgroup as indicated by ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of 1,683±11 Ma from sandstone-hosted illite. Unmineralized breccias cemeted by chlorite, quartz and sericite cross-cut the mineralized breccias and are in turn cut by straight-sided, high-angle veins of drusy quartz, sulphide and dolomite. U–Pb and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ratios combined with fluid inclusion and stable isotope data indicate that these post-ore minerals formed when mixing between two fluids occurred sometime between ca. 1,450 and 550 Ma. Distinct ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age populations occur at ca. 1,302±37, 1,191±27 and 802±57 Ma, which respectively correlate with the intrusion of the Maningkorrirr/Mudginberri phonolitic dykes and the Derim Derim Dolerite between 1,370 and 1,316 Ma, the amalgamation of Australia and Laurentia during the Grenville Orogen at ca. 1,140 Ma, and the break-up of Rodinia between 1,000 and 750 Ma.     

华北板块北缘呼兰群~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar定年及其构造意义

呼兰群发育于华北板块北缘,主要为一系列长英质火山岩和沉积岩组成的受到低绿片岩相-角闪岩相变质作用和多期变形作用改造的变质岩系,分布于吉林中部红旗岭-呼兰镇一带。大部分地区的呼兰群地层层序被严重破坏,野外观察的"层理"实际上是构造置换作用形成的构造面理,绝大多数的岩性界面为构造接触。呼兰群由一系列相互叠置的构造岩片构成,具有构造混杂岩性质。呼兰群经历了两期韧性变形作用:早期受到NNE-SSW向挤压作用,呼兰群表现为由NNE向SSW逆冲的运动学特征;晚期可能受到NE-SW向伸展作用,主要表现为由SW向NE倾向滑移的运动学特征。本次分别对采自红旗岭地区强变形带的白云石英片岩、石榴白云片岩中的白云母进行40Ar-39Ar测年,分别获得220.23±2.15Ma、221.31±2.6Ma的坪年龄,认为~220Ma年龄应代表华北板块北缘碰撞造山带造山后伸展作用发生的时间。