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地质及采矿设计是矿山设计过程中的关键部分,它包含仔细研读原始地质资料、圈定开采境界、绘制水平分层平面图及采掘终了平面图、计算储量及剥采比、编制采剥进度计划表等,此部分的设计文件是矿山正常生产过程中的重要指导性文件。作者从自身的设计经历出发,较为详细地介绍了各环节设计过程中所应注意的技术问题,并指出了当前设计时所面临的困难,以及目前传统设计方法所面临的不足,最后结合当今国内外采矿设计的形势,对将来的发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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矿床的境界优化就是要设计一个最为接近理想状态的模型,使矿山企业利润最大化,在满足经济和边坡角几何约束的条件下,设计一个最终开采境界.基于三维地质矿业软件,可以将三维可视化技术与矿床的后期开采、生产进度编排进行紧密的结合,完成矿体形态与工程实体的衔接,其不同于传统境界优化的方法,可以在三维空间内进行境界优化的应用和研究.本研究选取SURPAC三维地质矿业软件系统,结合铜陵新桥矿床的实际需求,基于三维数字矿山模型,使用L-G算法规范的数学逻辑结构对露天采场进行境界优化.其结果可以为扩大经济效益提供详实的数据基础,并为新桥矿床开展更为合理的开采生产安排提出合理化建议. 相似文献
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《矿产与地质》2018,(6)
图木尔廷-敖包锌矿是蒙古国一处大型在产矿山。近年来,通过不断调整找矿思路,矿山深部找矿终获突破,在原Ⅰ号主矿体深边部发现了Ⅱ号矿体。在总结矿床地质特征的基础上,利用3DMine软件构建了矿床三维地质模型,运用距离幂次反比法对最终露采境界外资源量进行了估算。结果表明:利用3DMine估算的资源量与Micromine估算的结果基本一致,与传统方法估算的结果也在误差范围之内。由此说明:使用三维地质建模软件估算的资源储量是可靠的,最终露采境界外地质资源储量模型的建立,直观地揭示了深部矿体的空间展布与形态,为矿山露天转地下开采可研和设计提供了基础操作平台,建议矿山露天转地采阶段将该地质资源模型与采掘井巷工程集成在一起,实现资源储量的动态管理。 相似文献
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准确掌握采空区形态、大小及其边界是控制因采空区引发的灾害及优化采矿设计等的重要基础性工作。运用空区三维激光探测系统对采空区进行精密探测,获取探测数据,对原始数据处理后,运用三维建模软件Surpac精确构建复杂空区三维可视化模型,直观地表达空区的空间形态;以空区三维模型为基础,进行空区的体积、顶板面积和采场周边的超、欠挖量、存留矿量、采场塌陷区回采指标的计算及动态监测,并准确获得了采空区的实际边界等相关信息,从而为矿山进一步开展矿柱爆破设计、空区充填、贫损测定与控制,以及进行采场垮塌区处理等提供可靠的基础性依据。 相似文献
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袁洁 《有色金属矿产与勘查》1997,6(6):372-376
用矿山测算出的经济合理剥采比与实际生产剥采比差额所显示的伸缩性剥离量作勘探工程量,探采结合,较好地协调了矿山勘探与开发,储量与产量,投产与产值之间的关系。 相似文献
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露天底境界顶柱优化是露天转井下过渡时期的重要课题,该优化问题包括多个决策变量和多个评价指标,已有方法的优化效果不够理想。针对露天转井下境界顶柱优化特点,将遗传算法与三维数值模拟相结合,研究了境界顶柱全局优化的进化数值模拟方法,给出优化的指标和步骤,并将该方法用于大杏山铁矿的露天转井下境界顶柱的优化。工程应用表明所提出的井下境界顶柱优化方法是可行的。获得的最优方案对该矿山露天转井下的采矿设计具有指导作用。 相似文献
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首先介绍了徐州某酒店深基坑工程的概况工程地质水文地质条件,重点介绍了根据场地周边条件的不同选择不同的支护形式,然后提出了对周边环境的监测要求。施工过程中实施动态监测,确保施工顺利进行及周边环境的安全。 相似文献
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Detailed geotechnical data is often a major unknown factor in open pit design and mining, the lack of which constitutes a significant risk in any mining venture. As geotechnical data is accumulated so the risk of unforeseen conditions reduces, and so safety and productivity can be increased. Previously, most geotechnical work undertaken at open pit mines has focused on the slopes. The work done at Sandsloot open pit situated on the northern limb of the Bushveld Complex, 250 km north east of Johannesburg, however, has involved using geotechnical data for production, as well as slope stability benefits. Solutions to production problems encountered in a rapidly developing open pit are best formulated once some geotechnical control at the pit has been attained. At Sandsloot open pit this was achieved by delineation of geotechnical design zones from a detailed face mapping and drilling programme. Optimum design parameters then were assigned to these zones and geotechnically related problems assessed. This allowed slope management programmes to be initiated, as well as slope optimization of the hangingwall. The latter resulted in an improved slope configuration and an increase in the ultimate angle of the wall by 7°. This resulted in substantial savings, as well as an improvement in safety. In addition, the zones can be used for planning, costing and pit scheduling. The methods have proved successful in optimizing blast fragmentation and thereby loading, crushing and milling rates; in reducing secondary blasting and improving floor conditions; and in reducing drilling, blasting and comminution costs. 相似文献
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深基坑稳定性的模糊随机分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
基坑稳定性分析中的不确定性主要表现为随机性和模糊性,随机性体现为将各种设计参数作为随机变量, 而模糊性主要体现在其失稳的判断标准上,这与深基坑失稳破坏的模糊特征相吻合。重点阐述了深基坑稳定性分析中的模糊性, 并采用模糊随机方法,推导出基坑稳定性的广义模糊随机计算模型, 该模型可以考虑分析中所涉及到的计算力学参数的随机性和失稳判断标准的模糊性。同时还对基坑失稳概率的标准进行了讨论。最后实例分析了坑底隆起失稳的模糊概率。计算结果说明,模糊随机方法能够更全面、合理地反映基坑的实际稳定性。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2017,(Z1):313-322
基坑多级支护结构随着两级支护间距离B的增加可以分为3种主要的破坏模式,即整体式、关联式和分离式。采用抗剪强度折减法对多级支护达到分离式破坏模式的条件进行了研究,分析了土体强度及第一级支护结构长度L_1和第二级支护结构长度L_2三个主要参数对分离式破坏临界宽度B_(分离)的影响,为了反映土体强度的影响,引入了"独立安全系数比R_(fos)"(即两级间距离无限远时各自安全系数的比值)。计算结果表明,B_(分离)随着R_(fos)的增加而减小,当R_(fos)较小时多级支护结构的破坏模式只存在整体式和分离式,B_(分离)可以根据基于极限分析上限理论的简化算法求得,当R_(fos)超过一定数值B_(分离)达到下限分离式破坏临界宽度,下限分离式破坏临界宽度与两级支护中稳定安全系数较低一级的破坏面宽度一致;B_(分离)随着L1的增加而近似线性增加,B_(分离)随L_2的变化分为两部分,当R_(fos)较小时B_(分离)随L_2的增加而增加,当R_(fos)较大时B_(分离)随L_2的增加而减小。 相似文献
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基坑测斜观测数据误差分析方法研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
测斜是基坑监测的必要项目,针对测斜观测数据存在各种误差影响因素的情况,该文通过间接观测值探讨了伺服加速度计式测斜仪观测数据误差分析的统计检验方法,以期具有实际应用价值。 相似文献
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文章介绍了昆明钜豪公寓深基坑支护的设计和施工,重点介绍了各种支护技术在工程施工中的作用和效果.多种支护技术的联合是处理复杂地质条件和环境条件的安全、经济、有效的支护方法. 相似文献
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L. Edmond Eary 《Applied Geochemistry》1999,14(8):176
Chemical composition and equilibrium trends in mine pit lakes were examined to provide guidance for the application of geochemical models in predicting future lake water quality at prospective open pit mines. Composition trends show that elevated solute levels generally occur only at the extremes of acidic and alkaline pH conditions. Concentrations of cationic metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) are elevated only in acidic pit lakes, whereas anionic metalloids (As and Se) are generally elevated only in alkaline pit lakes. These trends are indicative of sulfide mineral oxidation and evapoconcentration for acidic and alkaline conditions, respectively.For nearly all pit lakes, SO4 is the dominant solute, but is limited by gypsum solubility. Fluorite, calcite, and barite are also important solubility controls. Well-defined solubility controls exist for the major metals (Al, Fe, Mn), including jurbanite and alunite for Al, ferrihydrite for Fe, and manganite, birnessite, and, possibly, rhodochrosite for Mn. Determinations of definite controls for the minor metals are less distinct, but may include otavite for Cd, brochantite and malachite for Cu, cerrusite and pyromorphite for Pb, and hydrozincite and Zn silicates for Zn. Concentrations of As and Se appear to be limited only by adsorption, but this control is sharply diminished by increased pH and SO4 concentration. In general, the concentrations of minor metals in pit lakes are not well represented by the theoretical solubilities of pure-phase minerals contained in the thermodynamic databases. Hence, modeling efforts will generally have to rely on empirical data on the leaching characteristics of pit wall-rocks to predict the concentrations of minor metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) in mine pit lakes.Methodologies for predicting pit lake water chemistry are still evolving. Geochemical and equilibrium trends in existing pit lakes can provide valuable information for guiding the development and application of predictive models. However, mineralogical studies of pit lake sediments, suspended particles, and alteration assemblages and studies of redox transformations are still needed to validate and refine the representations of geochemical processes in water quality models of mine pit lakes. 相似文献