内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗本巴图组碎屑锆石LA—ICP—MSU—Pb年龄及其意义

在前人研究的基础上,对本巴图组的野外地质特征、岩石类型、岩石组合、锆石年代学等进行了研究。镜下特征显示本巴图组砂岩主体为岩屑晶屑含砾砂岩;碎屑锆石阴极发光图像显示,它们多具有震荡生长环带或条痕状吸收．Th／U比值为0．06～1．03（平均0．55）,具有岩浆锆石的典型特点。应用LA—ICP—MS测年技术对本巴图组进行了碎屑锆石分析．其^206Pb／^238U年龄可以分为5组：①319～451Ma,峰期年龄为363Ma;②457～543Ma,峰期年龄为513Ma;③724-996Ma,峰期年龄为945Ma：④1031～1836Ma,峰期年龄为1572Ma;⑤2469-2505Ma,峰期年龄为2487Ma。年龄分布的意义：研究区本巴图组沉积的时间下限应为319Ma之后;457-543Ma发生泛非期构造热事件,沉积物源主要来源于佳～蒙地块;另外几组峰值年龄945Ma、1572Ma和2487Ma主要反映了佳-蒙地块基底的年龄信息。     

内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗本巴图组碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及其意义

在前人研究的基础上,对本巴图组的野外地质特征、岩石类型、岩石组合、锆石年代学等进行了研究。镜下特征显示本巴图组砂岩主体为岩屑晶屑含砾砂岩;碎屑锆石阴极发光图像显示,它们多具有震荡生长环带或条痕状吸收,Th/U比值为0.06~1.03(平均0.55),具有岩浆锆石的典型特点。应用LA-ICP-MS测年技术对本巴图组进行了碎屑锆石分析,其206Pb/238U年龄可以分为5组：①319~451Ma,峰期年龄为363Ma;②457~543Ma,峰期年龄为513Ma;③724~996Ma,峰期年龄为945Ma;④1031~1836Ma,峰期年龄为1572Ma;⑤2469~2505Ma,峰期年龄为2487Ma。年龄分布的意义：研究区本巴图组沉积的时间下限应为319Ma之后;457~543Ma发生泛非期构造热事件,沉积物源主要来源于佳-蒙地块;另外几组峰值年龄945Ma、1572Ma和2487Ma主要反映了佳-蒙地块基底的年龄信息。     

松辽地块大地构造属性: 古生界碎屑锆石年代学的制约

对松辽地块南部上古生界哲斯组的碎屑锆石应用LA--ICP --MS U --Pb 测试的结果显示了4 个主要的年龄段: 263 ～ 378 Ma ( 峰值年龄274 Ma) ; 405 ～ 547 Ma ( 峰值515 Ma) ; 660 ～ 974 Ma ( 峰值为 923 Ma) ; 其余均为中元古代年龄1 165 Ma、1 369 Ma、1 476 Ma、1 517 Ma。其中最年轻一组锆石年龄263 ± 2 Ma 代表了哲斯组主体沉积的下限年龄; ～ 274 Ma 的峰期年龄与附近地区的大石寨组火山岩和岛弧岩浆岩的年龄一致; ～ 515 Ma 的峰期年龄与东北地区泛非期基底变质杂岩的年龄一致; 其余的古老年龄均反映了松辽地块基底的信息。结合松辽地块的北部上古生界土门岭组、西部本巴图组和东缘黑龙宫组的碎屑锆石年龄,显示松辽地块应存在太古代和元古代的变质基底,为古生界地层提供了丰富的物源。松辽地块应为一个稳定的微地块,而不是长期活动的造山带。     

内蒙古林西地区上二叠统林西组砂岩碎屑锆石的年龄及其大地构造意义

林西地区林西组的主体岩性以碎屑岩为主,对其中代表性岩石组合--长石石英砂岩进行了年代学研究.50粒碎屑锆石样品的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学测试结果显示2个主要年龄区间:(256±2～322±3)Ma,峰值年龄为279Ma±2Ma;(357±7～497±4)Ma,峰值年龄为441Ma±3Ma.另有3颗锆石的年龄分别为797Ma±6Ma、1413Ma±38Ma、1661Ma±24Ma.其中256 Ma±2Ma的年龄限定了林西组原岩年龄应为晚二叠世;第二组年龄(357±7～497±4)Ma,峰期年龄441Ma±3Ma,与东北地区的主要泛非期事件年龄一致.表明主要的物源区为东北地块(佳蒙地块).而797Ma±6Ma、1413Ma±38Ma、1661Ma±24Ma等年龄反映了东北地块基底年龄的信息.这些年龄数据表明,林西组应为东北地块的一部分,并进一步限制了华北与西伯利亚两大板块的缝合线应位于林西组发育地区的南部,即西拉木伦河断裂,而拼合时代应晚于晚二叠世,可能为早三叠世.     

内蒙古白云鄂博上石炭—下二叠统阿木山组碎屑锆石年代学特征及其地质意义

内蒙古白云鄂博地区阿木山组砂岩的碎屑锆石LA—ICP—MS U—Pb同位素年代学分析结果显示,早二叠世阿木山组的碎屑锆石主要由古生代(354~479 Ma)和元古宙(934~1 941 Ma)及少量的古元古—新太古代(2 330~2 688 Ma)碎屑锆石组成。结合该组模式剖面的实测和?蜓化石再研究,笔者认为,阿木山组含934~1 941 Ma碎屑锆石的砂岩物源来自于佳蒙地块,而非华北板块;含有Sphaeroschwagerina化石带的阿木山组应当属于佳蒙地块的大陆边缘沉积。这一认识对于研究西拉木伦河缝合带和古亚洲洋的构造演化、以及将内蒙古草原—松花江地层区划归佳蒙地层大区等具有重要意义。     

内蒙古林西地区上二叠统林西组砂岩碎屑锆石的年龄及其大地构造意义

林西地区林西组的主体岩性以碎屑岩为主,对其中代表性岩石组合——长石石英砂岩进行了年代学研究。 50粒碎屑锆石样品的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学测试结果显示2个主要年龄区间：(256±2～322±3)Ma,峰值年龄为279Ma±2Ma;(357±7～497±4)Ma,峰值年龄为441Ma±3Ma。另有3颗锆石的年龄分别为797Ma±6Ma、1413Ma±38Ma、1661Ma±24Ma。其中256 Ma±2Ma的年龄限定了林西组原岩年龄应为晚二叠世;第二组年龄(357±7～497±4)Ma,峰期年龄441Ma±3Ma,与东北地区的主要泛非期事件年龄一致,表明主要的物源区为东北地块(佳蒙地块)。而797Ma±6Ma、1413Ma±38Ma、1661Ma±24Ma等年龄反映了东北地块基底年龄的信息。这些年龄数据表明, 林西组应为东北地块的一部分,并进一步限制了华北与西伯利亚两大板块的缝合线应位于林西组发育地区的南部,即西拉木伦河断裂,而拼合时代应晚于晚二叠世,可能为早三叠世。     

内蒙古伊敏地区下石炭统红水泉组砂岩物源分析及其构造意义

碎屑沉积物成份与源区构造环境、构造背景及源区岩石性质密切相关。通过对伊敏地区红水泉组砂岩样品进行砂岩碎屑颗粒成分统计、地球化学特征及碎屑锆石LA--ICP --MS U--Pb 年代学等物源分析方法,确定红水泉组砂岩为长石岩屑砂岩,物源区构造背景主要为大陆岛弧环境,其物源类型为切割型岛弧。红水泉组砂岩中最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄为338 ± 3 Ma,该年龄值表明红水泉组形成的时代为早石炭世密西西比中期的韦宪阶或之后。903 ～ 1 676 Ma 的分散元古界锆石年龄和～ 780 Ma 新元古代锆石年龄峰值,可能反映南蒙古微板块基底年龄信息。～ 500 Ma 和～ 380 Ma 的年龄峰值指示源区可能经历了多期岩浆事件: ～ 500 Ma 的岩浆锆石物源可能来自额尔古纳与兴安地块闭合相关的后造山花岗岩, ～ 500 Ma 的变质锆石可能来自变质基底, ～ 380 Ma 的物源可能反映额尔古纳-兴安地块与松嫩地块至少在晚泥盆世开始碰撞拼贴,并导致该区存在一个晚泥盆世-早石炭世的岩浆弧。     

大兴安岭中段晚石炭世-早二叠世砂岩碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及地质意义

位于中亚造山带东段的中国东北地区由众多微地块拼合而成,但各地块间的拼贴时间、位置和演化过程一直是地学界争议的关键科学问题.针对大兴安岭中段蘑菇气地区晚石炭世-早二叠世宝力高庙组砂岩开展了详细的岩相学、碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究,分析了砂岩母岩区大地构造背景,进而约束兴安地块与松辽地块的汇聚过程.研究结果表明,砂岩具有成分成熟度低、近源快速沉积特点,碎屑骨架成分显示了火成岩区物源供给.锆石颗粒CL图像、Th/U值及REE特征均指示了锆石为岩浆成因.测试样品中锆石U-Pb年龄主要集中在282~360 Ma（n=134）,峰值年龄约为290 Ma、305 Ma、325 Ma和350 Ma.结合区域内前人的研究成果,暗示了其物源可能来自蘑菇气-嫩江-黑河一线的晚古生代俯冲-同碰撞期岩浆弧;样品中最年轻的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为282±4 Ma（样品15MG10）和287±4 Ma（样品15MG11）,可以限定砂岩的沉积下限为早二叠世.对比索伦-蘑菇气地区晚石炭世-早三叠世砂岩的碎屑锆石年龄组成,发现兴安地块内晚石炭世-早二叠世碎屑组分与松辽地块内中二叠世-早三叠世碎屑组分基本相同,说明兴安地块与松辽地块已于晚石炭世前沿贺根山-黑河缝合带完成拼合.      

赣东北地区双桥山群碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究

双桥山群是赣东北地区重要的岩石单元之一,其年代学研究一直备受关注。本文对赣东北地区双桥山群凝灰质板岩和粉砂质板岩中的碎屑锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年分析。碎屑锆石年代学测试结果显示4个主要年龄区间:591～634 Ma(峰值601 Ma)、803～837 Ma(峰值831 Ma)、866～1019 Ma(峰值910 Ma)和 1800 Ma。其中最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄组591～634 Ma峰期601 Ma的年龄,可能限定了双桥山群最大的沉积年龄;而803～837 Ma(峰值831 Ma)指示其物源可能源于江南造山带东段新元古代造山过程的岛弧火山岩; 866～1019 Ma峰期年龄为910 Ma的年龄与皖南-赣东北地区的基性火山岩、火山碎屑岩的形成时代基本一致; 1800 Ma的年龄组与扬子陆块1.8～1.9 Ga锆石年龄相一致。赣东北地区双桥山群碎屑锆石U-Pb测年结果中,出现828 Ma和1800 Ma的碎屑锆石特征年龄峰值,显示它们具有与扬子地块的亲缘性,同时又含有大量的～1.0 Ga碎屑锆石,这些特征年龄相似于格林威尔期的华夏地块,说明在新元古代晚期存在的沉积盆地具有来自扬子和华夏板块的双向物源。     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗北奥陶系砂岩物源分析及其地质意义

对内蒙古苏尼特左旗北奥陶系砂岩的岩石学和锆石年龄进行研究。镜下特征显示该套砂岩为岩屑砂岩,含有较多的火山岩屑;砂岩颗粒骨架成分图解显示其来自再旋回造山带。应用LA-ICP-MS测年技术对该套砂岩进行碎屑锆石分析,其年龄峰期从小到大可分为:1440~574Ma,主峰值年龄为506Ma,次峰值年龄为442Ma;2650~799Ma,峰值年龄为767Ma;3874~936Ma,峰值年龄为887Ma;另外大于1000Ma的4颗单颗粒锆石年龄分别为1145Ma、1756Ma、2618Ma和2626Ma。通过邻区相关地块/地体年龄及岩浆事件的对比可知,该套砂岩的沉积时间约为440Ma,沉积物源主要来自于额尔古纳地块和兴安地块,并且沉积过程受到火山事件的影响。     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.