太行山南段安林地区侵入岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、 地球化学特征及其构造意义

太行山南段安林地区中生代侵入岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年表明侵入岩形成于129. 1±1. 0~129. 7±1. 1 Ma,属于早白垩世,与太行山其他地区乃至整个华北地区侵入杂岩体具有相近的形成年代,表明在晚中生代太行山地区与华北地区经历了相同的地球动力学背景和构造环境,即南太行山地区处于华北克拉通岩石圈减薄范围之内。安林地区中生代侵入岩轻稀土总量（LREE平均为113. 71×10-6）明显高于重稀土总量（HREE平均为11. 97×10-6）,具有相对明显的富集轻稀土元素的右倾型配分形式、Eu的弱正异常及大离子亲石元素相对富集的特征,且具有Sr、Ba含量高、Sr/Y、（La/Yb）N比值高的特征,表明壳幔岩浆混合是太行山南段安林地区中生代岩浆作用的主要成因机制。     

太行山南段安林地区侵入岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

太行山南段安林地区中生代侵入岩LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb测年表明侵入岩形成于129. 1±1. 0~129. 7±1. 1 Ma,属于早白垩世,与太行山其他地区乃至整个华北地区侵入杂岩体具有相近的形成年代,表明在晚中生代太行山地区与华北地区经历了相同的地球动力学背景和构造环境,即南太行山地区处于华北克拉通岩石圈减薄范围之内。安林地区中生代侵入岩轻稀土总量（LREE平均为113. 71×10-6）明显高于重稀土总量（HREE平均为11. 97×10-6）,具有相对明显的富集轻稀土元素的右倾型配分形式、Eu的弱正异常及大离子亲石元素相对富集的特征,且具有Sr、Ba含量高、Sr/Y、（La/Yb）N比值高的特征,表明壳幔岩浆混合是太行山南段安林地区中生代岩浆作用的主要成因机制。     

王安镇岩体岩石地球化学特征及成因探讨

王安镇岩体是我国东部太行山-大兴安岭中生代构造岩浆带中规模最大、岩石类型最多的代表性岩体之一,该岩体由早期、主期和晚期三期岩石组成。本文通过对王安镇岩体三期岩石主量元素、稀土元素、微量元素和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素的系统研究,发现该岩体主期岩石(花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和少量石英闪长岩)具有与埃达克岩类似的独持的岩石地球化学特征:SiO_2≥56％,Al_2O_3≥15％,低Y(4.20～12.68μg/g)而高Sr(518～861μg/g)和Sr/Y值(60.19～178.10),LREE强烈富集(La/Yb)_N=34.06～76.91,HREE强烈亏损Yb=0.44～1.00,Sr、Eu无明显异常,高场强元素(如Nb,Hf和Ti)相对亏损,I_(Sr)值为0.7060,ε_(Nd)(t)均为负值(-16.29～-14.27),ε_(Sr)(t)均为正值(+23.7～+25.0),应属于埃达克质岩,但又与俯冲板片熔融形成的埃达克岩的地球化学组成明显不同,推测可能是由于晚中生代区域内热地幔物质是“蘑菇云”状上涌,使热侵蚀面抬升到地壳底部,导致玄武质下地壳在高压下发生部分熔融的产物。而早期和晚期岩石则属于非埃达克质岩,早期为基-中性岩石(角闪石岩、辉长岩和闪长岩),富Mg、Fe,LREE富集,Eu呈正异常,富集相容元素而亏损不相容元素,I_(Sr)=为0.7056,ε_(Nd)(t)=-16.72～-10.92,推测是华北地台岩石圈富集地幔部分熔融的产物,     

汝城地区晚中生代火山岩地球化学特征及其对源区属性的指示

湘东南汝城地区发育一套由基性玄武岩和中酸性安山质-英安质岩石组成的火山岩建造,属于低钾拉斑系列,该火山岩系中两个玄武岩的K-Ar年龄分别为124.5±2.5Ma和127.6±1.9Ma,属晚侏罗—早白垩世产物。在主、微量元素上两者成分存在明显差异。其中安山质-英安质岩石具有高MgO特征,属高MgO岩石,LILE富集、Nb-Ta、Sr-P亏损强烈,(La/Yb)N=6.7～7.9,Eu*/Eu=0.74～0.85,具岛弧型微量元素配分型式,87Sr/86Sr(t)=0.71079～0.71118,εNd(t)=-7.64～-8.16,与adakites高Mg岩石有着明显的差别,可能是富集岩石圈地幔熔融后直接分异的产物;玄武岩LILE富集,Nb-Ta富集,(La/Yb)cn=4.0～4.3,Eu*/Eu=1.00～1.16,具OIB型微量元素配分型式,87Sr/86Sr(t)=0.70812～0.70832,εNd(t)=0.48～1.03,其源区具二元混合趋势,其源区可能是富集型岩石圈地幔端员与亏损的软流圈地幔端员的混合产物。汝城地区晚中生代玄武岩和高Mg安山质-英安质岩石源区属性的限定及其相互的空间依存关系表明该区晚中生代时有着较薄的岩石圈厚度,处于岩石圈伸展减薄的大地构造背景。     

华北克拉通东缘金岭杂岩体岩浆源区及构造背景:来自岩相学、岩石地球化学及年代学的证据

金岭杂岩体由细粒黑云角闪闪长岩、中细粒黑云角闪闪长岩、中细粒黑云角闪二长闪长岩和细粒角闪二长闪长岩组成,是鲁西地区典型矽卡岩型富铁矿(金岭铁矿)控矿岩体。本次研究对细粒黑云角闪闪长岩和细粒角闪二长闪长岩进行了锆石LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb定年,其结果分别为129.2±3.2 Ma和132.8±1.2 Ma,表明该杂岩体的侵位时代为早白垩世。样品SiO2、K2O和Na2O含量分别介于54.17%~63.73%、1.92%~4.76%和3.10%~5.41%之间,K2O/Na2O为0.58~0.94,A/CNK为0.60~0.93,具有轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的右倾型稀土配分模式,轻、重稀土分馏程度中等((La/Yb)N=9.94~23.49),Eu异常不明显(δEu=0.84~1.10),具中—弱负Ce异常(δCe=0.56~0.92)。样品以富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、K、U、Pb等)、亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)以及高Sr/Y为特征。金岭杂岩体为燕山晚期岩浆活动产物,属准铝质高钾钙碱性系列,岩浆主要来源于富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,并在岩浆上升侵位的过程中有地壳物质的同化混染。燕山晚期华北克拉通在古太平洋板块俯冲后后撤引起的板内伸展环境下,增厚陆壳减薄阶段,岩浆上侵就位形成金岭杂岩体。     

云南香格里拉浪丁岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征

香格里拉地区广泛分布印支期中-中酸性浅成-超浅成岩体,位于西斑岩带的浪丁岩体主要由角闪闪长玢岩、石英闪长玢岩、含辉石角闪闪长玢岩组成。锆石U-Pb年龄显示岩体侵位于206.4±3.9 Ma。其地球化学特征与埃达克岩相似:SiO_2含量为56.66%～64.84%,平均60.42%; Eu异常不明显(Eu/Eu*为0.90～1.23,平均为1.08);富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素,贫高场强元素;高Sr(490～1165×10~(-6),平均842×10~(-6))、Sr/Y(37.4～77.2,平均56.9)、La/Yb(21.7～28.4,平均25.6),低Y(13.1×10~(-6)～17.4×10~(-6),平均14.6×10~(-6))、Yb(1.20×10~(-6)～1.56×10~(-6),平均1.37×10~(-6))。年代学和地球化学研究结果显示,浪丁岩体形成于岛弧环境下,其形成与晚三叠世甘孜理塘洋壳板片的部分熔融有关,该地区的甘孜-理塘洋壳向西俯冲时,可能以较低的角度进入中咱地块之下。     

南太行山平顺闪长岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及地质意义

南太行山平顺闪长岩锆石SHRIMP测年表明闪长岩体形成于(125.5±2.3)Ma,与太行山其他地区乃至整个华北地区侵入杂岩体具有相近的形成年代,表明在晚中生代(115～135Ma)太行山地区与华北地区经历了相同的构造岩浆事件。平顺闪长岩w(SiO2)=48.57%～63.54%,w(Al2O3)=13.53%～19.15%,w(MgO)=1.20%～9.31%,w(TiO2)=0.34%～1.07%,w(CaO)=3.13%～10.39%,w(K2O+Na2O)=4.78%～7.99%,Mg#=0.37～0.72,LREE富集HREE亏损,略显微弱的正Eu异常,以富集LILE、LREE元素和亏损Nb-Ta等高场强元素为特征。闪长岩(206Pb/204Pb)i=17.775～18.857,(207Pb/204Pb)i=15.522～15.602,(208Pb/204Pb)i=38.044～38.502,εNd(125Ma)=-17.009 56～-9.606 32,ISr=0.705 85～0.707 53,表明起源于EMI富集地幔,并受到地壳物质和EMII型富集地幔混染,可能说明在晚白垩世太行山地区与整个华北克拉通都发生了岩石圈减薄事件。     

太行山南段符山高镁闪长岩的成因 —— 拆沉陆壳物质熔融的熔体与地幔橄榄岩反应的结果

本文对太行山南段符山高镁闪长岩进行了年代学与地球化学研究,结合其中地幔橄榄岩包体的研究,对符山高镁闪长岩的成因和中生代岩石圈地幔的性质进行了探讨.研究表明,符山闪长岩体是由一套含橄榄石角闪闪长岩-角闪闪长岩-闪长岩构成.含橄榄岩包体的寄主岩--角闪闪长岩中的锆石可划分为两种:一是代表寄主岩浆结晶的锆石:内部结构均匀、呈条带状吸收、自形-半自形晶形,具有较高的Th/U比值(1.10～4.08),其206Pb/238U年龄介于123～128Ma之间,12个点的加权平均值为125±1Ma,这表明岩体的形成时代为早白垩世;二是捕获或继承锆石:具有核边结构、吸收程度不均匀、呈浑圆状和自形-半自形两种,它们的Th/U比值介于0.32～2.03之间,构成了3组207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄:2503±11Ma、2181±26Ma和1778±36Ma.该类岩石的SiO2和MgO含量分别介于56.69%～59.21%和3.60%～6.33%之间;且以高:Mg#(0.51～0.64)、富Na(Na2O/K2O大于1)、高Cr(93.1×10-6～420×10-6)、Ni(35.1×10-6～137×10-6)为特征.该类岩石强烈富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素、明显亏损高场强元素,(87Sr/86Sr)I、εNd(t)值和(206Pb/204Pb)I分别变化于0.70581～0.70641、-8.30～-16.56和17.052～17.512之间.综合上述特征,同时结合地幔橄榄岩包体的特征和古元古代捕获锆石的大量存在,认为符山高镁闪长岩的原始岩浆起源于拆沉陆壳物质的部分熔融,其后经历了与地幔橄榄岩的反应过程.     

太行山南段中生代杂岩体成因及其演化分析

平顺-符山-武安-洪山杂岩体主要由橄榄辉长辉绿岩、角闪闪长岩,经闪长岩、二长闪长岩、正长岩、花岗岩一系列岩石组成,其地球化学性质相似,CaO、FeO、MgO和TiO与SiO2呈线性正相关,富集大离子亲石元素(如Sr、Ba、K)和LREE,亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、Ti)和HREE,具有微弱的正Eu异常。符山杂岩体的εNd=-12.3~-16.9,ISr=0.705 6~0.707 1,武安杂岩体εNd=-13.8~-18,ISr=0.705 9~0.707 6,相比之下,洪山杂岩体具有比符山-武安杂岩体明显高但相对均一的εNd值(-8.2~-11)和变化较大的ISr(0.705 2~0.710 2)。平顺杂岩体Pb同位素比值较高,(206Pb/204Pb)i=17.859~18.474,(207Pb/204Pb)i=15.429~15.612,(208 Pb/204 Pb)i=37.374~38.641。而符山杂岩体(16.92~17.3,15.32~15.42,37.16~37.63)、武安岩体(16.63~17.4,15.28~15.44,36.78~37.3)和洪山杂岩体(17.28~17.74,15.40~15.48,37.01~38.12)变化连续。平顺-符山-武安杂岩体可能是同一期岩浆演化的产物,起源于EMI型富集地幔的部分熔融,但在上升过程中受到不同程度的下地壳物质混染。洪山岩体也来源于EMI型富集地幔的部分熔融,但属于不同岩浆热事件,仅受轻微下地壳混染。太行山南段中生代广泛的岩浆活动可能与邯邢地幔柱上涌有关。     

华北克拉通南缘豫西下汤地区2.3 Ga岩浆作用和1.94 Ga变质作用

本文报道了华北克拉通南缘豫西鲁山下汤地区古元古代片麻状花岗岩和黑云角闪斜长片麻岩的全岩地球化学和锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成。岩石呈包体形式存在于中元古代花岗岩中。片麻状花岗岩具深熔特征,岩浆锆石年龄为2.30Ga;岩石高SiO2和K2O,低ΣFeO、MgO和CaO,具稀土总量较高(ΣREE=165.8×10-6)、轻重稀土分离较强[(La/Yb)n=37.8]及弱负铕异常(Eu/Eu*=0.76)的稀土模式;εNd(t)(t=2.30Ga)=-0.75;tDM(Nd)=2.66Ga。黑云角闪斜长片麻岩变质原岩为辉长闪长岩,捕获锆石年龄为2.25Ga;岩石低SiO2和MgO,高Al2O3和P2O5,具稀土总量高(ΣREE=373.4×10-6)、轻重稀土分离不强[(La/Yb)n=9.4]及较强负铕异常(Eu/Eu*=0.44)的稀土模式;εNd(t)(t=2.25Ga)=-1.21;tDM(Nd)=2.75Ga。片麻状花岗岩和黑云角闪斜长片麻岩都记录了1.94Ga变质锆石年龄。片麻状花岗岩的岩浆锆石组成域的εHf(t)(t=2.30Ga)=-6.71～0.38,tDM1(Hf)=2627～2910Ma,tDM2(CC)(Hf)=2823～3255Ma。黑云角闪斜长片麻岩的捕获锆石组成域的εHf(t)(t=2.25Ga)=-19.58～-1.73,tDM1(Hf)=2664～3360Ma,tDM2(CC)(Hf)=2968～4011Ma。结合前人资料,得出如下结论:华北克拉通南缘豫陕晋结合部地区存在一规模较大的约2.3Ga地质体分布区;华北克拉通南缘很可能存在规模巨大的>2.7Ga基底;中部造山带与孔兹岩带具有类似的古元古代晚期构造热事件演化历史。     

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究

通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。      

黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因

自1954年有水文观测资料以来，黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出，鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低，当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流，这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水，提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力，今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the     

天山南坡科其喀尔冰川表碛区小气候特征研究

利用天山南坡科其喀尔冰川3号观测站2009年全年的气象观测资料,分析研究了科其喀尔冰川表碛区的小气候特征. 结果表明：总辐射和净辐射夏秋季较高、冬春季较低;反射辐射和地表反照率反之. 与其他地区不同,该区主要受积雪物理性质和下垫面状况的影响,冬春季地表反照率日变化表现为由大到小的变化过程,夏秋季表现为倒U型. 温度年变化表现为夏秋季高、冬春季低,最高月均值出现在8月,为9.4℃,最低月均值出现在1月,为-9.6℃. 受山谷风和冰川风的影响,全年的风向以西北风和西北偏西风为主,风向的日变化以11：00为界发生转向. 受降水和冰川消融等的影响,比湿夏秋季月均值较大,冬春季月均值较小.     

Climate: Is the past the key to the future?

 The climate of the Holocene is not well suited to be the baseline for the climate of the planet. It is an interglacial, a state typical of only 10% of the past few million years. It is a time of relative sea-level stability after a rapid 130-m rise from the lowstand during the last glacial maximum. Physical geologic processes are operating at unusual rates and much of the geochemical system is not in a steady state. During most of the Phanerozoic there have been no continental ice sheets on the earth, and the planet’s meridional temperature gradient has been much less than it is presently. Major factors influencing climate are insolation, greenhouse gases, paleogeography, and vegetation; the first two are discussed in this paper. Changes in the earth’s orbital parameters affect the amount of radiation received from the sun at different latitudes over the course of the year. During the last climate cycle, the waxing and waning of the northern hemisphere continental ice sheets closely followed the changes in summer insolation at the latitude of the northern hemisphere polar circle. The overall intensity of insolation in the northern hemisphere is governed by the precession of the earth’s axis of rotation, and the precession and ellipticity of the earth’s orbit. At the polar circle a meridional minimum of summer insolation becomes alternately more and less pronounced as the obliquity of the earth’s axis of rotation changes. Feedback processes amplify the insolation signal. Greenhouse gases (H₂O, CO₂, CH₄, CFCs) modulate the insolation-driven climate. The atmospheric content of CO₂ during the last glacial maximum was approximately 30% less than during the present interglacial. A variety of possible causes for this change have been postulated. The present burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and cement manufacture since the beginning of the industrial revolution have added CO₂ to the atmosphere when its content due to glacial-interglacial variation was already at a maximum. Anthropogenic activity has increased the CO₂ content of the atmosphere to 130% of its previous Holocene level, probably higher than at any time during the past few million years. During the Late Cretaceous the atmospheric CO₂ content was probably about four times that of the present, the level to which it may rise at the end of the next century. The results of a Campanian (80 Ma) climate simulation suggest that the positive feedback between CO₂ and another important greenhouse gas, H₂O, raised the earth’s temperature to a level where latent heat transport became much more significant than it is presently, and operated efficiently at all latitudes. Atmospheric high- and low-pressure systems were as much the result of variations in the vapor content of the air as of temperature differences. In our present state of knowledge, future climate change is unpredictable because by adding CO₂ to the atmosphere we are forcing the climate toward a “greenhouse” mode when it is accustomed to moving between the glacial–interglacial “icehouse” states that reflect the waxing and waning of ice sheets. At the same time we are replacing freely transpiring C3 plants with water-conserving C4 plants, producing a global vegetation complex that has no past analog. The past climates of the earth cannot be used as a direct guide to what may occur in the future. To understand what may happen in the future we must learn about the first principles of physics and chemistry related to the earth’s system. The fundamental mechanisms of the climate system are best explored in simulations of the earth’s ancient extreme climates. Received: 7 November 1996/Accepted: 23 January 1997