鄱阳湖自然保护区湿地植被群落与水文情势关系

以鄱阳湖自然保护区为研究对象,通过构建植被群落-水文参数直方图和计算敏感性指数,分析植被群落对水文条件变化的耐受性和敏感性,研究湿地植被群落与水文情势的关系。结果表明,在鄱阳湖自然保护区内,不同的植被群落对水文情势变化的耐受性和敏感性不同,苔草群落、假俭草群落对水文条件变化敏感性较低;苔草-廖子草群落、苔草-虉草群落和虉草-苔草群落对水文条件变化的敏感性较高,喜欢相对湿润的环境;南荻群落所能承受的水文条件变化范围较窄,喜欢相对干旱的环境。     

基于RAV法的水利工程对河流水文情势改变的累积效应研究——以东江流域为例

以珠江水系典型流域—东江流域为例,通过IHA和RAV法分析东江水文情势变化情况,计算了不同水利工程开发程度对河流水文情势的改变度,探讨了河流水文情势随水利工程的开发程度提高所产生的变化趋势和累积效应。研究结果表明,水利工程开发等级的提高对东江水文情势影响程度的累积效应逐渐削弱,具体表现为随着东江流域三大水库和各梯级的陆续建成,东江水利工程对下游博罗站的水文情势综合改变度逐渐降低,但对流量变化的频率、改变率的影响逐渐增大,对高低流量延时、次数方面的影响不明显。     

辽河流域干流水文情势特征变异分析

通过对辽河流域干流水文情势年际变化、年内变化过程进行分析表明:2000年以来辽河干流径流量大幅度缩减,且河流沿程年径流量变化趋势一致,主要是干流上游入境断面来水量急剧减少影响。总体来说,辽河干流径流量主要来源于辽宁省境内的区间产流,由于辽宁省近年来用水基本保持稳定,且区间大型水库多位于支流、调节能力有限,流域的水文情势的年际和年内变化主要受上游境外来流的影响。     

基于改进RVA法的云龙水库流域生态调度研究

作为昆明市饮用水源地之一,云龙水库为满足昆明市的用水需求截蓄了大量径流来水,导致下游河道的生态用水难以得到满足,水文情势发生严重改变。探究在保障水库原有任务实现的情况下,如何通过水库调度降低其对下游河道原有水文情势的影响,减弱对生态环境的破坏。首先对RVA法进行改进,建立了基于改进RVA法的多目标生态调度模型;再使用NSGA-Ⅱ算法对模型求解,得到保障经济效益、社会用水需求和水文情势改变度最低的一组方案集,并使用Tennant法对推荐方案进行生态流量优度评价。结果表明,通过生态调度,各水库下泄流量基本满足生态基本用水需求,验证了模型的合理性。最后,针对水库现状提出了改善云龙水库供水与提高生态用水补偿能力的建议。     

中线调水对汉江中下游区水文情势影响研究

2014年南水北调中线工程正式通水,汉江中下游区水文情势发生显著变化。定量评估汉江中下游区水文情势变化特征,可为此区域水资源可持续开发利用提供科学依据。以黄家港、皇庄、仙桃站1987—2019年流量和水位数据,采用距平分析法、Mann-Kendall趋势检验法以及Yamamoto突变检验法对年、月尺度流量和水位序列进行分析,并采用水文变化指标法分析中线调水前后水文特征值变化。结果显示：调水后汉江中下游区典型站年径流量和年水位均较调水前呈下降趋势;各水文特征值均发生较为显著变化,各站点月平均流量和水位、年极端流量和水位总体低于调水前;调水后径流年内分配趋于均匀化。表明南水北调中线调水工程对汉江中下游流量和水位产生了显著影响。     

河流生态系统结构功能整体性概念模型

在完善与整合现有河流生态系统结构功能概念及模型的基础上,提出河流生态系统结构功能整体性概念模型。水文情势、水力条件和地貌景观格局是对河流生态系统结构与功能具有关键影响的3大生境要素,结构功能模型的核心是建立以3大生境要素为构架的生命支持系统与河流生命系统之间的相互作用和相互制约关系,同时考虑由于人类活动引起生境要素变化对于河流生态系统的影响。河流生态系统结构功能整体性概念模型由以下4种模型组成:河流四维连续体模型、水文情势-河流生态过程耦合模型、水力条件-生物生活史特征适宜模型以及地貌景观空间异质性-生物群落多样性关联模型,这4种模型的一体化整合,基本概括了河流生态系统结构功能的整体特征。     

人类活动的水文效应及研究方法

一、人类活动的水文效应人类活动对水文情势的影响,从其影响途径可分为直接与间接两大类。直接影响是指人类活动使水文要素的量、质和时空分布直接发生变化,如修建水库、跨流域调水、农作物灌溉、城镇供水及污废水处理等,都直接使水资源系统不断发生变化;间接影响则指人类经济活动通过改变下垫面状况及局地气候,     

贵州省正安县茶园土壤细菌群落的敏感性分析

本研究主要对正安县某两处茶园的土壤和茶树样品检测,探究影响茶叶元素含量的原因。利用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术,解析茶园土壤细菌群落结构,结合土壤理化性质探究影响茶园土壤细菌群落的主要环境因子。研究结果如下:1SO42-是影响茶园土壤细菌群落的主要因素。茶园土壤细菌群落结构与SO42-含量的冗余分析表明,SO42-对茶园土壤细菌群落组成具有显著影响(p＜005)。2茶叶内重金属含量受细菌类群影响。茶树嫩叶更易受土壤细菌影响,假单胞菌属、热酸菌属、Subgroup_2、楸子岛杆菌属(Chujaibacter)和芽孢杆菌属等对嫩叶重金属含量影响显著。为茶叶品质检测提供新的评判依据,为通过SO42-调整茶园土壤细菌群落结构,降低茶叶内重金属元素含量提供新的研究思路。     

珠江河口水环境时空变异对河口生态系统的影响

分析近20年来珠江河口水环境变异的特征,探讨珠江河口水环境与水生物相互联系和相互作用的关系。结果表明,珠江河口形态、地貌、水文情势和入河污染物等变异改变了珠江河口水生物的栖息条件,削弱了河口生态系统的自动调节修复能力和稳定性,对河口生态系统的物质循环、能量流动和发育演化平衡构成了重大影响。     

汉江水华问题研究

概述了汉江20世纪90年代发生的三次水华现象的特征,并从水质条件、气温、水文情势三个方面分析了诱发水华的成因机理.针对水质污染控制和汉江水量调配对水华所带来的影响,探讨水华预防措施.其结论为:尽快治理汉江富营养化污染是解决水华问题的关键;考虑到兴建三峡工程和南水北调中线工程将对汉江环境带来不利影响,要采取一定的配套措施将工程的损失减少到最小.     

平水期东洞庭湖主要入湖口藻类群落结构特征对环境因子的响应

为了更深入的了解流速、水深等水文条件对湖泊浮游藻类分布特征的影响,选择平水期东洞庭湖为研究对象,研究了该湖泊7个不同断面处的浮游生物群落结构特征、生物量、生物多样性等多方面的内容,并结合湖泊水体环境指标调查,深入分析了环境因子对浮游植物优势种群分布的影响规律。结果表明,就2017年平水期东洞庭湖的调查而言,湖泊水体流速的大小对优势种群的浮游藻类密度影响较大,水体流速越大,优势种的浮游植物密度越小;平水期的东洞庭湖中较小的水量和流速,加上充足的营养,容易导致湖泊水体水质变差;不同的浮游植物优势种群的分布受各种环境因子影响的程度不同。     

Biomarker records of phytoplankton productivity and community structure changes in the Japan Sea over the last 166 kyr

Glacial-interglacial sea level changes have caused drastic variations in the surface hydrography, ventilation and ecosystem structure in the Japan Sea. Previous reconstructions using microfossils and geochemical proxies suggested decreased productivity and a more calcareous plankton community during glacial periods. However, the inferred community structure change is not consistent with significantly lower salinity in the Japan Sea during the glacials, which would have had a deleterious effect on calcareous plankton growth. Here, biomarker records of ODP Site 797 are generated to further evaluate phytoplankton productivity and community structure changes in the Japan Sea over the last 166 kyr. Although the contents of the phytoplankton biomarkers changed by two to three orders of magnitude, there were no clear glacial-interglacial patterns as sediment biomarker contents reflected the combined effect of production and water column degradation. The collective assessments of our biomarker records and published records support previous conclusions of decreased productivity in the Japan Sea during the glacials. However, a community structure proxy based on the alkenone/brassicasterol ratio reveals a shift from a diatom-dominated community during the glacials to a coccolithophorid-dominated community during the interglacials, mainly as a result of surface salinity variations in the Japan Sea controlled by sea-level changes. Previous community structure reconstruction using biogenic carbonate/silica ratio could have been complicated by the different environmental factors governing silica and CaCO₃ dissolution in the Japan Sea.     

Climatic Influences on Autochthonous and Allochthonous Phytoplankton Blooms in a Subtropical Estuary, St. Lucie Estuary, Florida, USA

The St. Lucie Estuary, located on the southeast coast of Florida, provides an example of a subtropical ecosystem where seasonal changes in temperature are modest, but summer storms alter rainfall regimes and external inputs to the estuary from the watershed and Atlantic Ocean. The focus of this study was the response of the phytoplankton community to spatial and temporal shifts in salinity, nutrient concentration, watershed discharges, and water residence times, within the context of temporal patterns in rainfall. From a temporal perspective, both drought and flood conditions negatively impacted phytoplankton biomass potential. Prolonged drought periods were associated with reduced nutrient loads and phytoplankton inputs from the watershed and increased influence of water exchange with the Atlantic Ocean, all of which restrict biomass potential. Conversely, under flood conditions, nutrient loads were elevated, but high freshwater flushing rates in the estuary diminished water residence times and increase salinity variation, thereby restricting the buildup of phytoplankton biomass. An exception to the latter pattern was a large incursion of a cyanobacteria bloom from Lake Okeechobee via the St. Lucie Canal observed in the summer of 2005. From a spatial perspective, regional differences in water residence times, sources of watershed inputs, and the proximity to the Atlantic Ocean influenced the composition and biomass of the phytoplankton community. Long water residence times in the North Fork region of the St. Lucie Estuary provided an environment conducive to the development of blooms of autochthonous origin. Conversely, shorter residence times in the mid-estuary limit autochthonous increases in biomass, but allochthonous sources of biomass can result in bloom concentrations of phytoplankton.     

The influence of phytoplankton community composition on primary productivity along the riverine to freshwater tidal continuum in the San Joaquin River,California

Differences in phytoplankton community composition along a riverine to, freshwater tidal continuum was an important factor affecting the primary productivity and quantity of phytoplankton biomass available to the San Francisco Estuary food web downstream. The relative contribution of riverine and freshwater tidal phytoplankton was determined using measurements of primary productivity, respiration, and phytoplankton species composition along a riverine to freshwater tidal gradient in the San Joaquin River, one of two major rivers that flow into, the San Francisco Estuary. Chla-specific net primary productivity was greater in the freshwater tidal habitat and was correlated with both a higher growth efficiency and maximum growth potential compared with the river upstream. Cluster analysis indicated these differences in growth parameters were associated with differences in species composition, with greater percent diatom and green algal species biomass upstream and flagellate biomass downstream. Correlation between the chla specific net productivity and phytoplankton species composition suggested the downstream shift from riverine diatom and green algal species to flagellate species contributed to the seaward increase in net primary productivity. Environmental conditions, such as specific conductance and water transparency, may have influenced primary productivity along the riverine to freshwater tidal continuum through their effect on both species composition and growth rate. Data suggest light was not the sole controlling factor for primary productivity in this highly turbid estuary; phytoplankton growth rate did not increase when riverine plankton communities from low light conditions upstream were exposed to higher light conditions downstream. This study suggests that the availability of phytoplankton biomass to the estuarine food web may be influenced by management of both phytoplankton growth and community composition along the riverine to freshwater tidal continuum.     

灵水岩溶泉浮游植物群落结构及其对水环境的指示作用

灵水湖内沉水植物自2010年逐渐消亡,至2013年已基本消失,为探究岩溶水生态系统退化的原因,于2016年4、7、10月对灵水和罗波潭两个水环境相似的岩溶泉进行浮游植物调查和水环境监测。结果显示:灵水优势种共3门16种,罗波潭优势种共3门13种,两者的浮游植物相似性为60%。3次调查种类数基本不变,丰度均表现为4月>7月>10月。生物多样性指数和叶绿素水质评价均显示罗波潭优于灵水,说明沉水植物消亡会引发水环境退化。浮游植物与环境因子的RDA和相关性分析显示,总氮(TN)是浮游植物群落的决定性因子,而浮游植物对氮营养盐更强的摄食能力可能是灵水沉水植物消亡的原因之一。岩溶水环境的HCO-3 和Ca2+浓度可以指示浮游植物的生长状态。      

Phytoplankton as an Indicator of Improving Water Quality in the Golden Horn Estuary

The variation in phytoplankton community as a response to improving water quality has been studied in the severely polluted Golden Horn Estuary (GHE). Phytoplankton data collected monthly for 4 years and a detailed set of environmental parameters clearly showed the remarkable change in the GHE. The GHE ecosystem did not respond to numerous rehabilitation efforts to improve water quality, unless strict measures were taken to enhance water circulation. The opening of a bridge operating on large buoys and release of high amounts of fresh water from a dam acted as the turning point for the whole system. The weakening of light limitation and anoxia at upper regions is followed by consecutive blooms of different species/groups and resulted in super-saturated dissolved oxygen concentrations and a significant decrease in nutrient concentrations. When compared to the pre-remediation period, average total eukaryotic phytoplankton abundance increased 11-fold in the lower estuary, while the increase in the upper estuary was over 3 × 10⁴ in the post-remediation period. In addition, species richness continuously increased through the study period and community structure showed very strong variability. Since the estuarine ecosystem is controlled by precipitation in the last decade, the increase in anthropogenic/terrestrial inputs following heavy rainfall had adversely affected water quality and phytoplankton.     

Effects of tidal shallowing and deepening on phytoplankton production dynamics: A modeling study

Processes influencing estuarine phytoplankton growth occur over a range of time scales, but many conceptual and numerical models of estuarine phytoplankton production dynamics neglect mechanisms occurring on the shorter (e.g., intratidal) time scales. We used a numerical model to explore the influence of short time-scale variability in phytoplankton sources and sinks on long-term growth in an idealized water column that shallows and deepens with the semidiurnal tide. Model results show that tidal fluctuations in water surface elevation can determine whether long-term phytoplankton growth is positive or negative. Hourly-scale interactions influencing weekly-scale to monthly-scale phytoplankton dynamics include intensification of the depth-averaged benthic grazing effect by water column shallowing and enhancement of water column photosynthesis when solar noon coincides with low tide. Photosynthesis and benthic consumption may modulate over biweekly time scales due to spring-neap fluctuations in tidal range and the 15-d cycle of solar noon-low tide phasing. If tidal range is a large fraction of mean water depth, then tidal shallowing and deepening may significantly influence net phytoplankton growth. In such a case, models or estimates of long-term phytoplankton production dynamics that neglect water surface fluctuations may overestimate or underestimate net growth and could even predict the wrong sign associated with net growth rate.     

Scales of nutrient-limited phytoplankton productivity in Chesapeake Bay

The scales on which phytoplankton biomass vary in response to variable nutrient inputs depend on the nutrient status of the plankton community and on the capacity of consumers to respond to increases in phytoplankton productivity. Overenrichment and associated declines in water quality occur when phytoplankton growth rate becomes nutrient-saturated, the production and consumption of phytoplankton biomass become uncoupled in time and space, and phytoplankton biomass becomes high and varies on scales longer than phytoplankton generation times. In Chesapeake Bay, phytoplankton growth rates appear to be limited by dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) during spring when biomass reaches its annual maximum and by dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) during summer when phytoplankton growth rates are highest. However, despite high inputs of DIN and dissolved silicate (DSi) relative to DIP (molar ratios of N∶P and Si∶P>100), seasonal accumulations of phytoplankton biomass within the salt-intruded-reach of the bay appear to be limited by riverine DIN supply while the magnitude of the spring diatom bloom is governed by DSi supply. Seasonal imbalances between biomass production and consumption lead to massive accumulations of phytoplankton biomass (often>1,000 mg Chl-a m^?2) during spring, to spring-summer oxygen depletion (summer bottom water <20% saturation), and to exceptionally high levels of annual phytoplankton production (>400 g m^?2 yr^?1). Nitrogen-dependent seasonal accumulations of phytoplankton biomass and annual production occur as a consequence of differences in the rates and pathways of nitrogen and phosphorus cycling within the bay and underscore the importance of controlling nitrogen inputs to the mesohaline and lower reaches of the bay.     

Hydrologic Variability and Its Control of Phytoplankton Community Structure and Function in Two Shallow,Coastal, Lagoonal Ecosystems: The Neuse and New River Estuaries,North Carolina,USA

Hydrologic conditions, especially changes in freshwater input, play an important, and at times dominant, role in determining the structure and function of phytoplankton communities and resultant water quality of estuaries. This is particularly true for microtidal, shallow water, lagoonal estuaries, where water flushing and residence times show large variations in response to changes in freshwater inputs. In coastal North Carolina, there has been an increase in frequency and intensity of extreme climatic (hydrologic) events over the past 15 years, including eight hurricanes, six tropical storms, and several record droughts; these events are forecast to continue in the foreseeable future. Each of the past storms exhibited unique hydrologic and nutrient loading scenarios for two representative and proximate coastal plain lagoonal estuaries, the Neuse and New River estuaries. In this synthesis, we used a 13-year (1998–2011) data set from the Neuse River Estuary, and more recent 4-year (2007–2011) data set from the nearby New River Estuary to examine the effects of these hydrologic events on phytoplankton community biomass and composition. We focused on the ability of specific taxonomic groups to optimize growth under hydrologically variable conditions, including seasonal wet/dry periods, episodic storms, and droughts. Changes in phytoplankton community composition and biomass were strongly modulated by the amounts, duration, and seasonality of freshwater discharge. In both estuaries, phytoplankton total and specific taxonomic group biomass exhibited a distinctive unimodal response to varying flushing rates resulting from both event-scale (i.e., major storms, hurricanes) and more chronic seasonal changes in freshwater input. However, unlike the net negative growth seen at long flushing times for nano-/microphytoplankton, the pigments specific to picophytoplankton (zeaxanthin) still showed positive net growth due to their competitive advantage under nutrient-limited conditions. Along with considerations of seasonality (temperature regimes), these relationships can be used to predict relative changes in phytoplankton community composition in response to hydrologic events and changes therein. Freshwater inputs and droughts, while not manageable in the short term, must be incorporated in water quality management strategies for these and other estuarine and coastal ecosystems faced with increasing frequencies and intensities of tropical cyclones, flooding, and droughts.     

Phytoplankton community composition and size distribution in the Langat River estuary,Malaysia

Phytoplankton patchiness, as expressed by community composition and size distribution, during the rainy season in the Langat River estuary (Malaysia) is described. Four sites in the estuary were sampled on two different occasions. The sampling area covered a stretch of the river from upstream to downstream of aquaculture activities (shrimp farms). Water samples from a shrimp farm outlet were also analyzed for nutrient and phytoplankton content. Differences in community structure between stations were found by means of multivariate procedures. Genera composition and total biomass were related to environmental factors, revealing salinity, light, and nutrients as important explaining factors. Elevated phytoplankton biomass and total phosphorus concentration, as well as lower inorganic nitrogen: phosphorus ratios, were found downstream of the shrimp farming activities. The size distribution spectrum of the phytoplankton population downstream of the shrimp farms was significantly different from that at the other stations but not different than that found in the sampled effluent from the shrimp farms, where phytoplankton biomass was also high. Twenty-two of the 24 recorded genera from the shrimp farm outlet were also found downstream of the farming activities. A number of different environmental factors potentially alter conditions for phytoplankton in the lower reaches of the estuary as compared to the upper regions. A cause and effect relationship explaining the differences noted between the upper and lower reaches of the estuary cannot be established. This study suggests that nutrient enrichment from the shrimp farming activities is of a magnitude that may contribute to the phytoplankton community changes observed in the lower reaches of the estuary.