硅灰石矿物在有机酸体系中的溶解性试验研究

硅灰石—有机酸体系的溶解试验研究表明,硅灰石在有机酸中表现为极大的溶解潜力,溶解特点与有机酸的官能团有较大的关系,在多宫能团的有机酸中,不仅将硅灰石中的Ｃａ溶解析出,而且还能将Ｓｉ溶解,溶解过程经历了酸碱中和反应和ＳｉＯ２再溶解形成含硅有机配合物的两个反应历程。     

冲击粉碎法制备针状硅灰石微粉的研究

硅灰石是一种钙的偏硅酸盐类矿物,化学分子式为Ｃａ［ＳｉＯ３］,含４８－３％ＣａＯ和５１－７％的ＳｉＯ２。天然硅灰石常呈白至灰白色,玻璃到珍珠光泽,密度２－７８～２－９１ｇｃｍ３,硬度为４－５～５,通常为针状、放射状、纤维状集合体,甚至微小颗粒仍保持纤维状结构［１］。由于硅灰石具有特殊的纤维状结构及优良的物理、化学性质,使其在工业生产中有广泛的应用,如陶瓷、塑料、橡胶、冶金铸造、磨料、焊条、玻璃、矿棉、水泥、造纸、石棉代用品等［２,３］。随着研究的深入,对硅灰石在非陶瓷方面（造纸、涂料、塑料、石…     

吉林省白山地区新厂期上斜正笔石式树形笔石体壁的化学成分

应用扫描电子显微镜对白山地区新厂期上斜正笔石式树形笔石的体壁进行了能谱分析，测出了笔石体壁中的Ｍｇ、Ｃａ、Ａｌ、Ｆｅ、Ｓｉ、Ｓ、Ｋ７种元素的含量，其中Ｍｇ、Ａｌ、Ｆｅ、Ｓｉ、Ｓ、Ｋ６种元素含量稳定，含量从高到低依次为Ｆｅ，Ｓｉ、Ａｌ、Ｓ、Ｍｇ、Ｋ。这６种元素可能是构成笔石体壁原始化学成分中的重要元素。     

吉林省白山地区新厂期上斜正笔石式树形笔石体壁的化学成分

应用扫描电子显微镜对白山地区新厂期上斜正笔石式树形笔石的体壁进行了能谱分析，测出了笔石体壁中的Ｍｇ、Ｃａ、Ａｌ、Ｆｅ、Ｓｉ、Ｓ、Ｋ７种元素的含量，其中Ｍｇ、Ａｌ、Ｆｅ、Ｓｉ、Ｓ、Ｋ６种元素含量稳定，含量从高到低依次为Ｆｅ、Ｓｉ、Ａｌ、Ｓ、Ｍｇ、Ｋ。这６种元素能是构成笔石体壁原始化学成分中的重要元素。     

扬子克拉通北缘新元古代岛弧花岗岩类成分极性…

对扬子克拉通北缘新古代岛弧花岗岩类成分极性的地球化学研究表明，在ＳｉＯ２含量相近的条件下，由北向南岩石中Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｋ２Ｏ＋Ｎａ２Ｏ，Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ逐渐增加，而ＣａＯ逐渐降低；从北向南，微量元素Ｒｂ，Ｂａ，Ｔｈ，Ｚｒ，Ｎｂ，Ｔａ，ΣＲＥＥ及Ｒｂ／Ｔｈ，Ｒｂ／Ｎｂ，ΣＬＲＥＥ／ΣＨＲＥＥ（Ｌａ／Ｙｂ）Ｎ等逐渐增加或具增加趋势，而Ｓｒ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ和Ｓｒ／Ｂａ具逐渐降低或具降低趋势；同位素组成成由北向南δ     

Geophysical Characteristics of Songliao,Bohaiwan and Jianghan Basins,East China

ＧｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆＳｏｎｇｌｉａｏ，ＢｏｈａｉｗａｎａｎｄＪｉａｎｇｈａｎＢａｓｉｎｓ，ＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａ＊ＬｉｕＴｉａｎｙｏｕＳｈｉＸｕｅｍｉｎｇＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＣｈｉｎａＵｎｉｖ...     

金家庄超基性岩型金矿围岩蚀变地球化学研究

金家庄金矿近围岩蚀变为蛇纹石化、滑石化、碳酸盐化和硅化。岩石化学与微量元素研究表明,从未蚀变－强蚀变透辉岩至矿化蚀变岩,ＳｉＯ２、ＣａＯ、Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量逐渐降低,ＣＯ２、Ｈ２Ｏ、Ｓ和Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｃｕ含量逐渐增高。蚀变岩石同位素研究揭示,碳同位素较低（δ＾１８Ｏ＝１２．１０‰～２２．３‰）远高于超基性岩正常范围。围岩蚀变热液主要源于大气降水、碳、硫和成矿元素主要是在围岩蚀变过程中从超基性岩中萃取。     

浙西石炭纪层状硅质岩地球化学特征及其意义

在浙西石炭纪地层中存在与地层整合产出的层状硅质岩。硅质岩中ＦｅＯ、ＭｎＯ、ＴｉＯ２、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＭｇＯ、ＣａＯ、Ｎａ２Ｏ、Ｋ２Ｏ等含量相对较高，富集Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｂｉ、Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｇａ，Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＦｅＯ、ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＳｉＯ２／（Ｎａ２Ｏ＋Ｋ２Ｏ）、ＳｉＯ２／ＭｇＯ比值较小，稀土元素总量低，Ｃｅ弱负异常，重稀土相对富集，包裹体富含气相组份ＣＨ４、ＣＯ２、Ｎ２、ＣＯ、Ｈ２，具热水沉积硅质岩的地球化学特征。在Ｆｅ—Ｍｎ—（Ｎｉ＋Ｃｏ＋Ｃｕ）三角图及ＳｉＯ２—Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＳｉＯ２—Ｆｅ２Ｏ３图上均属于热水沉积硅质岩。硅质岩中硅、氧同位素也显示其热水成因之特点。硅质岩的硅同位素和稀土元素Ｃｅ／Ｃｅ※值表明本区层状硅质岩主要是在浅海环境下沉积的。硅质岩的形成温度较高，为９８℃～１５２℃     

Stratigraphic Succession,Source-Rock Distribution and Paleoclimatic Zone in Meso-Cenozoic Basins,Eastern China

ＳｔｒａｔｉｇｒａｐｈｉｃＳｕｃｅｓｉｏｎ，Ｓｏｕｒｃｅ┐ＲｏｃｋＤｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄＰａｌｅｏｃｌｉｍａｔｉｃＺｏｎｅｉｎＭｅｓｏ－ＣｅｎｏｚｏｉｃＢａｓｉｎｓ，ＥａｓｔｅｒｎＣｈｉｎａ＊ＬｕＺｏｎｇｓｈｅｎｇＨｕａｎｇＱｉｓｈｅｎｇＦａ...     

X射线荧光光谱法直接测定碳酸盐岩石中主次痕量元素

采用粉末样品压片制样，碳酸盐岩石标样及人工合成标样为标准，使用理论α系数及散射线内标法校正元素的吸收＿增强效应，用Ｘ射线光谱仪对碳酸盐岩石试样中的Ｎａ、Ｍｇ、Ａｌ、Ｓｉ、Ｐ、Ｓ、Ｃｌ、Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｓｃ、Ｔｉ、Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｇａ、Ｒｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｙ、Ｚｒ、Ｎｂ、Ｂａ、Ｐｂ、Ｌａ、Ｃｅ和Ｔｈ等３０种主次痕量元素进行测定，其分析结果与标样标准值（或化学法值）符合较好，方法的精密度（ＲＳＤ，ｎ＝１０）＜１０％（除含量在检出限附近的元素外），各元素检出限基本满足化探要求     

CO2 mineral sequestration by wollastonite carbonation

In this paper, we demonstrated a new approach to CO₂ mineral sequestration using wollastonite carbonation assisted by sulfuric acid and ammonia. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ²⁹Si nuclear magnetic resonance. The change in Gibbs free energy from ?223 kJ/mol for the leaching reaction of wollastonite to ?101 kJ/mol for the carbonation reaction indicated that these two reactions can proceed spontaneously. The leached and carbonated wollastonite showed fibrous bassanite and granular calcium carbonate, respectively, while the crystal structure of pristine wollastonite was destroyed and the majority of the Ca²⁺ in pristine wollastonite leached. The chemical changes in the phases were monitored during the whole process. A high carbonation rate of 91.1 % could be obtained under the action of sulfuric acid and ammonia at 30 °C at normal atmospheric pressure, indicating its potential use for CO₂ sequestration.     

Patterns of Ca/Sr and Sr/Sr variation before and after a whole watershed CaSiO3 addition at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, USA

Forty-one metric tons of the mineral wollastonite (CaSiO₃) was applied to an 11.8 hectare watershed at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF; White Mountains, New Hampshire, USA) with the goal of restoring the Ca estimated to have been depleted from the soil exchange complex by acid deposition. This experiment provided an opportunity to gain qualitative information on whole watershed hydrologic flow paths by studying the response of stream water chemistry to the addition of Ca. Because the Ca/Sr and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of wollastonite strongly contrast that of other Ca sources in the watershed, the wollastonite-derived Ca can be identified and its amount estimated in various ecosystem components. Stream water chemistry at the HBEF varies seasonally due to shifts in the proportion of base flow and interflow. Prior to the wollastonite application, seasonal variations in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios indicated that ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr was higher during base flow than interflow, due largely to greater amounts of biotite weathering along deeper flow paths. After the application, Ca/Sr and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr changed markedly as the high Ca/Sr and low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr wollastonite dissolved and mixed with stream water. The Ca addition provided information on the response times of various flow paths and ion exchange processes to Ca addition in this small upland watershed. During the first year after the addition, wollastonite applied to the near stream zone dissolved and was partially immobilized by cation exchange sites in the hyporheic zone. In the second and third years after the addition we infer that much of this Ca and Sr was subsequently desorbed from the hyporheic zone and was exported from the watershed in stream flow. In the fourth through ninth years after the addition, Ca and Sr from wollastonite that had dissolved in upland soils was transported to the stream by interflow during wet periods when the ground water table was elevated. Between years three and nine the minimum annual Ca/Sr ratio (in late summer base flow) increased, providing evidence that Ca and Sr had increasingly infiltrated to the deepest flow paths. Strong seasonal variations in Ca/Sr and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of stream water resulted from the wollastonite addition to upland forest soils, and these ratios have become sensitive to changing flow paths during the annual cycle. Most notably, high flow events now produce large excursions in stream geochemistry toward the high Ca/Sr and low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of wollastonite. Nine years after the application we estimate that ∼360 kg of Ca from wollastonite has been exported from the watershed in stream flow. The rate of export of Ca from wollastonite dissolution has stabilized at about 11 kg of Ca per year, which accounts for ∼30% of the dissolved Ca in the stream water. Given that 19 metric tons of Ca were applied to the watershed, and assuming this current rate of loss, it should take over 1000 years for this added Ca to be transported from the watershed.     

In situ laboratory X-ray powder diffraction study of wollastonite carbonation using a high-pressure stage

A high-pressure gas stage, recently developed for in-situ X-ray powder diffraction studies of polymer crystallization under CO_2, has been used to observe the carbonation of wollastonite under various temperature/pressure conditions despite the fact that the stage was not designed for use with moisture-containing samples. The rate of carbonation of wollastonite at 60 °C was found to be pressure-independent. Additional experiments at 34.5 bar between 43 and 73 °C enabled an activation energy of 53 kJ mol⁻¹ to be determined for the rate-limiting step. This value agrees very well with a published value for the leaching of Ca from wollastonite in acidic conditions and suggests that Ca leaching is the rate-limiting step in wollastonite carbonation at these temperatures.     

贵州大观金矿床地质特征及控矿规律

通过对大观金矿的成矿地质背景及矿床地质特征的分析,对构造逐级控矿规律和构造界面控矿规律的研究,认为大观金矿F1为主要控矿断裂,是重要的容矿构造及导矿构造;主要控矿构造界面为许满组和罗楼组的界面,该界面是岩性组合界面(Si/Ca界面),在断裂构造的耦合作用下,形成大观金矿床。     

Reciprocity Effect between Silicate Bacteria and Wollastonite

This paper studied the reciprocity effect between wollastonite and a strain silicate bacterium from purple soil. We analyzed the changes of pH value, glucose (GLU) residual concentration, electrolyte and Mn, Si, Fe etc. in the culture liquid with wollastonite after 48 h. The results show that the GLU wastage of silicate bacteria with wollastonite is 2.5 times of the bacterial contrast. It showed wollastonite could obviously accelerate silicate bacteria growth, but bacterial cell broken and distorted badly have been found by SEM analysis. The solubilization of silicate bacteria to Si element of wollastonite reached above 10 times. At the same time, three apices in FTIR of wollastonite (898 cm-1, 925 cm-1, 962 cm-1) descended obviously after the action of silicate bacteria, which shows that a great deal of Si has dissolved out. So we can get that wollastonite has remarkable effect to the growth of silicate bacteria and silicate bacteria has obvious solubilization to Si of wollastonite.     

西藏甲玛矿床硅钙界面对矽卡岩成岩及多金属成矿的影响

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床为冈底斯成矿带的超大型矿床之一,其矽卡岩型主矿体受林布宗组砂板岩、角岩(硅铝质岩石)和多底沟组大理岩(钙质岩石)的岩性界面所控制。基于岩、矿心地质编录,开展矽卡岩岩石、矿物分带及矽卡岩地球化学、矿物化学研究,探讨硅钙岩性界面对矽卡岩及多金属矿体形成的影响。从顶板至底板由石榴子石矽卡岩、硅灰石石榴子石矽卡岩至硅灰石矽卡岩表现出Si O2、Ca O逐渐增加和Al2O3、Fe2O3+Fe O逐渐减少的趋势,石榴子石矽卡岩、硅灰石矽卡岩的稀土元素和微量元素特征对顶板、底板岩石表现出明显的继承性。靠近顶板的矽卡岩中石榴子石属于钙铝-钙铁过渡系列,由石榴石核部向外环带具有Al含量减少、Fe含量增加的特点;靠近底板矽卡岩相对于靠近顶板具有钙铁榴石比例增加、钙铝榴石比例减少特征,由核部向外围未见明显的环带成分演变特征。矽卡岩是流体与硅铝质、钙质岩石水岩反应的产物,沿硅钙界面流体减压沸腾、地下水混合作用和界面内垂向的流体地球化学障是主要的致矿机制。硅、铝质岩石化学性质、物理性质差异是界面控矿的主要因素,硅钙面复合张性构造带、岩浆热事件增加界面渗透率差异有利于矿体规模的增加和品位提高。     

Mineral Surface after Reaction with Aqueous Solution at High Temperatures and Pressures

This work presents new experimental results on surface chemistry of reacting minerals and interface kinetics between mineral and aqueous solutions. These experiments were carried out using a flow reactor (packed bed reactor) of an open system as well as a continuous stirred tank reactor, CSTR. The authors measured reaction rates of such minerals as zeolite, albite and carbonate (rhodochrosite, dolomite) in various solutions, and tested corresponding mineral surface by using SEM, XPS, SIMS, etc. This paper mainly presents the experimental results of zeolite dissolution in water and in low pH solutions at room temperature, and dolomite dissolution at elevated temperatures. The results show that the release rates of Si, Al and Na of zeolite are different in most cases. The incongruent dissolution of zeolite is related to surface chemical modifications. The Na, Al and Si release rates for dissolution of albite and zeolite in water and various solutions were measured as a function of temperature, flow veloci     

纤维状硅灰石/聚丙烯复合材料界面性能研究

以未改性纤维状硅灰石粉、硬脂酸改性纤维状硅灰石粉与聚丙烯混炼制成聚丙烯复合材料。利用平衡接触角仪间接测得聚丙烯基体和矿物粉体的表面自由能。计算出纤维状硅灰石／聚丙烯界面的粘附功Wa和界面张力γSL等热力学参数。分析探讨了聚丙烯及矿物粉体表面特性、纤维状硅灰石／聚丙烯界面行为与复合材料力学性能的关系。结果表明：复合两相界面的粘附功Wa和界面张力γSL,共同作用影响复合材料的强度。界面粘附功Wa大,说明两相结合牢固．则复合材料强度大;界面张力γSL小。则粉体在基体中的分散性能好,有利于增加两相间总的接触面积,使复合材料强度增大。研究复合两相的界面行为．找出粘附功Wa和界面张力γSL间的最佳组合。将有助于设计出性能优良的复合材料。为合理地选择和改性填料提供科学依据。     

机械力化学改性硅灰石机理研究

天然硅灰石矿物具有特殊的针状结构,白色,无毒,是橡胶、塑料的理想填料。添加硅灰石填料,可降低橡胶制品的生产成本,提高橡胶的力学性能,赋以橡胶自身所没有的特殊功能。其作用大小取决于硅灰石／橡胶界面的结合状态。硅灰石系亲水性矿物,与橡胶相容性差。界面能否形成良好的粘结,硅灰石矿物表面性能是关键。经超细粉碎、表面改性可以提高硅灰石表面活性,增强与橡胶的粘结强度。但是,当硅灰石经超细粉碎,粒度为微米级或纳米级,粉体容重为０－１５ｇｃｍ３,以表面化学改性方法加入偶联剂,经高温高速搅拌,不但破坏硅灰石的长…     

The formation of columnar fiber texture in wollastonite rims by induced stress and implications for diffusion-controlled corona growth

 The evolution of columnar fiber texture was studied in wollastonite reaction rims synthesized by the reaction calcite + quartz=wollastonite + CO₂. Experiments were performed at 850 to 950 °C at 100 MPa in dry CO₂ and were evaluated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Rim growth rates are interpreted as controlled by the diffusion of the SiO₂ component through the rims from the quartz–wollastonite to the wollastonite–calcite interface. The temperature dependence of rim growth rates yields an apparent activation energy of 314 ± 53 kJ mol⁻¹. The columnar fibrous wollastonite crystallizes at the quartz–wollastonite interface and comprises the largest parts of the rims. Ultimately, at the growth front strain contrast centers are present in the quartz. The strained volume extends about 200 nm into the quartz grains. We suggest that this might signify deformation of the quartz lattice due to wollastonite crystallization. Wollastonite fiber thickness was measured from TEM images along traverses that represent intermediate positions of the growth front during the experiments. The average thickness is in the 100–200 nm range. Fiber thickness increases with increasing growth temperature. At a given temperature, the thickness of the fibers at the growth front slightly decreases with time, i.e., the number of fiber tips per unit area in the growth front increases. The decrease of the fiber thickness is well fitted by a parabolic rate law. The generation of the columnar fiber texture is interpreted as an effect of induced stresses at the growth front, resulting from the volume increase due to the local reaction. This volume increase forces SiO₂ to diffuse along the growth front to the grain boundaries between the wollastonite fibers. These serve as fast diffusion pathways through the rims. The fiber thickness monitors the diffusion distances in the growth front and thus the height of the induced stress gradients. Since interface reactions are usually associated with volume changes, growth rates of reaction rims and zones in coronas are not only controlled by the diffusive mobility of the components but also by the volume restraints on the interface reactions. Received: 19 July 2002 / Accepted: 14 February 2003