重庆矿区矸石山滑坡成因分析

重庆东林煤矿矸石山曾发生两次滑坡事故,造成民房被毁和重大人员伤亡.本文在勘查该矸石山滑坡发育背景、分析灾害主要成因的基础上,运用极限分析法和FLAC数值模拟对该矸石山进行了稳定性分析评价,揭示了该滑坡产生的原因为:矸石山堆积方式、堆积地点的地形地貌、排弃强度、矸石散体的物理力学性质是致灾潜在原因;长期降雨是灾害的主要诱因;煤矸石山的剧烈自燃爆炸应是灾害的主要外部激发因素.文章将定性分析与定量计算相结合,并结合工程实际提出了矸石山滑坡灾害防治措施,研究成果可为类似矸石山或排土场的滑坡灾害防治提供参考.     

元宝山露天煤矿3~#排土场工程地质条件与稳定性分析预测

在分析矿区地形地貌、地层岩性、水文地质条件和影响排土场稳定因素的基础上,结合区内2#排场的监测资料,采用FLAC3D模拟软件和刚体极限平衡法中的毕肖普条分法,对排土场边坡变形、破坏的主要影响因素进行了分析,揭示了其滑坡机理;对3#排土场的稳定性做出预测,认为排土场边坡变形破坏模式是上部排弃物沿圆弧滑面剪切滑移与下部沿粉土、粉质粘土平面滑移的圆弧—平面组合滑移形式;基底土层的内摩擦角对排土场允许排高较为敏感,是决定允许排高的内在因素,基底粉质粘土的极限承载力是决定排土场允许排高的外在因素;基底土体极限承载力所决定的排土场的允许排高为90.60～91.60m。提出了填沟压脚、降低第一排台阶高度和基底排水等措施来满足排土场边坡稳定的要求。     

基于FLAC3D平台的边坡稳定性分析——以普阳煤矿1 号排土场为例

为查明普阳煤矿1号排土场目前内部应力应变特征及继续进行排土作业的可行性,本文结合根据野外勘察及钻探工程获得的相关数据,建立了排土场的边坡三维模型,在FLAC~(3D)中运用自编折减强度法对该排土场进行应力应变特点及边坡变形失稳特点进行模拟分析。分析结果表明:普阳煤矿1号排土场当前的安全系数为0.972,已不具备继续排土作业的安全要求;边坡内部塑性剪切带仍在发育,有导通上部坡面的趋势,预测可能发生牵引式滑坡,滑面呈次圆弧状。     

安太堡露天煤矿排土场基底黄土的微结构演化与弱层的形成机理

本文根据安太堡露天煤矿排土场基底黄土的粘土矿物组成的微结构及其在分级荷载下微结构变化的研究，论述了排土场基底黄土内弱层的形成机理，提出弱层是在上覆排土压力下由于黄土的微结构变化而形成的演化弱层。并指出弱层的形成是导致排土场失稳滑坡的主要控制因素，这种弱层在新排土场设计时期并不存在，极具隐蔽性，但在设计时必须考虑在排土增至一定高度后，弱层的形成对排土场稳定性的影响，否则必将会存在重大滑坡隐患。     

黄土地基排土场滑坡演化机制研究

由于场地的惟一可选性,尖山铁矿南排土场布置在软弱黄土斜坡地基上。从2008年开始,先后发生过不同程度的失稳破坏。基于工程类比方法,采用现场勘查、监测和跟踪调查等手段,研究黄土软弱斜坡地基排土场的滑坡孕育演化机制,就其滑坡类型及模式（低速缓动、旋转、牵引式）、成因机制（超载和侧向挤压主导、降雨触发）和孕育演化过程（持力层蠕滑－地基底鼓－黄土梁拉裂－旋转滑动－裂缝扩展－上部坐落）进行分析。从排土场边坡与基底的相互作用特征出发,采用理论分析确定最大堆载高度,基于工程类比和统计分析确定破坏范围,评估失稳对周边环境的影响后果。滑坡孕育演化机制指出,合理使用排土空间、调整排土场生成过程的时空关系、控制排土速度是调控系统各子结构过程稳定性的关键。并提出允许适度破坏的设计理念。     

三峡库区特大滑坡灾害防治工程评价方法初探

以三峡库区特大滑坡灾害为研究对象,汇总、分析了库区72处特大滑坡灾害的防治工程措施,总结了三峡库区特大滑坡灾害防治技术的特点。通过对三峡库区特大滑坡灾害防治工程的基本类型与防灾特点的分析,建立了特大滑坡灾害防治措施的评价指标体系,并依照评价指标和标准对滑坡灾害防治工程效果进行分级。     

安康某膨胀土滑坡形成机制与治理措施

以安康市区某膨胀土滑坡治理工程为例,通过现场勘查、数值模拟、经验分析等手段,对该典型膨胀土滑坡的形成机制和稳定性进行分析并提出治理措施。结果表明:滑坡体所处位置的不良地质条件及地形地貌是其发生滑动的基本条件,排水系统的损坏失效是灾害发生的重要条件,季节性的强降雨是滑动发生的激发因素。在滑坡成因分析和数值模拟的基础上提出该膨胀土滑坡的治理方案,通过桩板墙的强支护结合坡面+坡体排水系统能够有效地对膨胀土滑坡进行根治。结果表明治理效果良好。     

模糊法在县城地质灾害危险性评价中的应用

通过对甘肃省东乡县"3·2"特大滑坡地质灾害的发育条件、形成机制及灾害的发展趋势分析,并结合室内试验和现场勘测结果,计算得出了滑坡的稳定性现状,在此基础上,提出了滑坡灾害的防治思路、防治对策以及主要的防治工程措施,为预防和防治类似滑坡灾害提供了经验参考。     

本溪南芬铁矿排土场滑坡稳定性研究

通过对本溪南芬铁矿大东沟排土场滑坡稳定性状况的分析研究,经科学预测,提出相应的防治建议、措施.认为大东沟排土场在无水状态下的稳定系数大于1.1时,处于稳定状态.为防止排土场边坡对大东沟下游造成滑坡地质灾害,应进行综合治理.     

基于固相沉积法的大型排土场暴雨泥石流流动特性预测研究——以四川某矿山泥石流为例

泥石流作为矿山常见的地质灾害,已经成为危害人类最重要的地质灾害之一,但目前对大型排土场暴雨泥石流的流动特性和灾害预测研究相比崩塌、滑坡及洪水相对较弱。以四川某矿山排土场暴雨形成的泥石流为例,提出了固相沉积分析法,并对矿山排土场暴雨泥石流流动特性进行预测分析,研究了稀性、低黏度泥石流固相沉积规律,对泥石流密度、流速、固相流量、总流量等进行计算,深入探析了泥石流形成后随沟道变缓等因素衰减演变成山洪的过程。研究成果对泥石流的预测和防治有重要的现实指导作用。     

重庆韦家沟矸石山滑坡成因分析

对韦家沟老矸石山进行勘察、研究,分析了矸石山的滑坡成因机制,揭示出特殊堆积散体构成、排弃地点条件、排弃强度等因素造成矸石山特殊堆积特征,导致矸石山具有二元空间结构、堆积地点水文地质条件改变、可能失稳滑动方式形成及呈现自组织临界性等性状,进而影响着矸石山稳定性的变化发展。在此基础上,采用极限分析上限法及数值模拟分析评价矸石山的稳定性,最后根据分析结果,提出相应的矸石山滑坡灾害防治措施。文章将定性分析与定量计算相结合,研究方法及结论可为类似矸石山地质灾害防治提供参考。     

Dump slope stability analysis – A case study

In opencast mining operation, the stability of waste materials stands at high priority from the safety and economic perspective. Poor management of overburden (OB) dump results the instability of slope in an opencast mine. The present paper deals with the stability analysis of dump material of an opencast coal mine at Talcher coal field, Angul district, Odisha, by means of different geotechnical parameters and mineralogical composition affecting the dump slope. The prolonged rainfall in the mining area causes dump failure and loss of valuable life and property. A recent dump failure that occurred in 2013 at Basundhara mines of Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL), Odisha, took 14 lives, and created problems for the mining industry. Most of the dump failure that occurs in the study area are mainly due to increase in pore water pressure as a result of rainfall infiltration. The stability of the waste dump was investigated using the limit equilibrium analysis to suggest an economical, sustainable and safe disposal of the dump in the study area.     

Environmental impact and vulnerability of the surface and ground water system from municipal solid waste disposal site: Koshe, Addis Ababa

Geo-environmental assessment and geophysical investigations were carried out over the only functional municipal solid waste disposal site of the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, known locally as Koshe. The accumulated wastes from Koshe have impact on the surrounding human and physical environment since the disposal site was not designed. The study deserves emphasis because the city of Addis Ababa currently obtains a considerable portion of its domestic water supply from a well field developed not much farther from and along a groundwater flow direction in relation to the waste disposal site. It was found out that the leachates from the site contain high concentration of biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, chloride and sulphate besides high concentration of cobalt, nickel and zinc in the surrounding soils. The geophysical results have mapped weak zones and near-vertical discontinuities that could potentially be conduits for the leachate from the wastes into the deep groundwater system. Further, a zone of potential leachate migration from the landfill was identified from the electrical models; the location of this zone is consistent with the predicted direction of groundwater flow across the site. The results further suggested that the open dump site tends to cause increasing amount of pollution on the surrounding soil, surface and ground waters. Furthermore, it was observed that the Koshe waste disposal site has grown beyond its capacity and the poor management of the open dump landfill has reduced the aesthetic value of the surrounding environments. The need to change/relocate the existing waste disposal site to a more suitable and technologically appropriate site is emphasized.     

甘肃地质灾害风险管理思考

本文从5个方面分析了甘肃省地质灾害风险管控面临的形势,在此基础上提出了重构包括生命至上、天人合一、主动而为、依法防灾等地质灾害风险管理科学理念,提出了地质灾害风险管理应遵循资源整合与系统设计、预防优先与抗救结合、分级防治与风险共担、工程治理与避险并重、政府主导与社会参与、应急处置与长效防范6项原则,提出了今后甘肃地质灾害风险管控应从发挥制度在地质灾害风险管控引领作用、打造积极的防灾减灾文化、推进地质灾害防治全民能力提高、强化地质灾害风险管控科技支撑、构建地质灾害隐患动态风险评估体系、加强空天地一体化专群结合监测预警网络建设、加大地质灾害综合治理力度、扩大避险搬迁覆盖面和实施力度、地质灾害防治纳入国土风险管控体系等8个方面的着力点。     

Households’ perceptions of private sector municipal solid waste management services: A binary choice analysis

The increase in the volume of waste materials discharged to the environment and deterioration of environmental quality in urban areas have been an issue of major concern for many governments in developing countries. To improve effectiveness and efficiency in the delivery of waste management services some of the governments have involved the private sector. This study uses binary choice model to examine urban residents’ perceptions regarding solid waste management that involves the private sector and what could be done to improve the waste management services. The data were generated from survey conducted in 238 households in Ilorin in southwest Nigeria. The results show that most of the respondents were not satisfied with solid waste management in the Ilorin. Binary logit model estimates reveal that the respondents’ perceptions regarding waste management were determined by income, travel time to dump site and marital status, as well as awareness of laws regarding waste disposal and activities of sanitary inspectors. For solid waste management in urban areas to be sustainable, it requires participation of the government, private sector and residents. The results generated from this study can help waste management authorities in designing a more sustainable waste management strategy in Ilorin, as well as in other cities that have similar conditions.     

Stability analysis of lateritic waste deposits

In open-pit mines covered with lateritic soil, the sterile ground is stored in specially prepared sites. The waste area must then be enhanced in order to extend storage capacity.

To better understand the effect of an elevated dump, typical laboratory tests (triaxial and oedometer tests) have been performed on the lateritic material. The waste disposal site has been modeled using both limit equilibrium and finite element methods. Different types of finite element models have been run; they take the variation of Young's modulus with depth into account and simulate the effect of construction over various phases. Modeling results are then compared with in situ measurements.     

某铀矿山废石堆场氡污染调查

通过对某铀矿山11个废石堆场氡析出率和大气氡浓度的测量及氡所致年有效剂量估算表明,该矿山正在使用的废石堆场氡析出率值均超出了国家规定的管理限值水平,只有退役治理后的废石堆场氡析出率在管理限值以内;矿山废石堆场产生的大气氡浓度值为72.35Bq/m3,其所致的年有效剂量值为0.69mSv。     

工程滑坡防治关键问题初论

在概述工程滑坡灾害防治研究主要进展的基础上,从工程边坡扰动过程与机理、潜在工程滑坡危险性识别评估和监测预警3个方面,集成探索工程滑坡灾害有效预防的主要途径,强调潜在工程滑坡危险性识别评估是有效预防工程滑坡灾害的关键;从快速钻探勘察技术、快速评估和快速锚固技术,特别是深层滑坡自适应锚固技术研究方面,概述工程滑坡快速防治技术研究新进展;从主动减灾防灾理念和意识、工程滑坡风险评估与控制、综合减灾3个方面,集成研究主动减轻工程滑坡灾害的有效途径,强调构建“防、治、管”为一体的国家级综合减灾信息共享平台,是综合减灾防灾的关键。     

庙行地区铬渣填埋对地下水水质的影响

本文针对庙行地区铬渣与生活垃圾和建筑垃圾混堆的情况,通过对该填埋场的地质勘查和监测取样,研究了铬在土壤中和地下水中的分布状况,探讨了铬渣填埋对地下水质的影响,为今后铬渣卫生填埋提供防护依据。     

工程滑坡防治关键问题初论

在概述工程滑坡灾害防治研究主要进展的基础上,从工程边坡扰动过程与机理、潜在工程滑坡危险性识别评估和监测预警3个方面,集成探索工程滑坡灾害有效预防的主要途径,强调潜在工程滑坡危险性识别评估是有效预防工程滑坡灾害的关键;从快速钻探勘察技术、快速评估和快速锚固技术,特别是深层滑坡自适应锚固技术研究方面,概述工程滑坡快速防治技术研究新进展;从主动减灾防灾理念和意识、工程滑坡风险评估与控制、综合减灾3个方面,集成研究主动减轻工程滑坡灾害的有效途径,强调构建“防、治、管”为一体的国家级综合减灾信息共享平台,是综合减灾防灾的关键。