饱和烃经5分子筛络合前后单体烃碳同位素分析对比研究

通过对自配标准样品(正构烷烃)进行5分子筛吸附试验,测定了用5分子筛吸附法分离前后正构烷烃、异构烷烃和环烷烃碳同位素值,探讨试验前后碳同位素值的变化。尽管实验过程中样品经过85℃长时间加热回流及吸附样品的5分子筛用氢氟酸酸化处理,但实验结果经仪器检测,证明该方法对正构烷烃碳同位素值影响因素不大。本文还介绍了原油和煤可溶有机质中饱和烃络合前后的单体烃碳同位素分析方法。并在前人工作的基础上,改进采用微型索氏抽提加热回流实验装置,既提高了样品的回收率,也减少了样品中轻组分的损失。     

饱和烃经5à分子筛络合前后单体烃碳同位素分析对比研究

通过对自配标准样品(正构烷烃)进行5à分子筛吸附试验,测定了用5分子筛吸附法分离前后正构烷烃、异构烷烃和环烷烃碳同位素值,探讨试验前后碳同位素值的变化。尽管实验过程中样品经过85℃长时间加热回流及吸附样品的5à分子筛用氢氟酸酸化处理,但实验结果经仪器检测,证明该方法对正构烷烃碳同位素值影响因素不大。本文还介绍了原油和煤可溶有机质中饱和烃络合前后的单体烃碳同位素分析方法。并在前人工作的基础上,改进采用微型索氏抽提加热回流实验装置,既提高了样品的回收率,也减少了样品中轻组分的损失。     

扩散法——EA-IRMS测定天然水体铵态氮同位素实验条件研究

稳定氮同位素是研究氮循环和氮污染源示踪的一个有效手段。然而目前国内对水体中铵态氮同位素测定方法研究较少,限制了水体氮循环和污染机理的深入探讨。本文采用改进的扩散法(EA-IRMS)测定水中铵态氮同位素,探讨了样品制备过程中扩散溶液的体积、浓度和扩散时间对回收率及氮同位素测定值的影响。实验得出最佳扩散条件为:1.50 mg/L氯化铵溶液400 mL扩散14天,回收率大于95%,且不会产生氮同位素分馏。本研究为高精度测定天然水体中铵态氮同位素提供了更可靠的实验条件。     

氧氢碳稳定同位素综合分析研究及标准样品的测定

利用已有的一套真空装置(BrF_5法氧同位素分析装置),通过活动小系统交替上的方式进行了水的CO_2—H_2O平衡法,碳酸盐的18O、13C测试磷酸法,水的氧同位素分析金属锌法以及矿物结构水、包体水的同位素组成分析。对上述方法都用国际标准(V-SMOW、GISP、SLAP的δ18O值和NBS-18、NBS-19的δ18O与δ13C测定结果)检验了试验水平。其测定值与世界各实验室的平均值或推荐值在实验误差范围内基本上是吻合的。实践证明,应用一个真空实验装置进行氧氢碳稳定同位素多种方法综合测试是可行的。     

连续流同位素质谱测定水中溶解无机碳含量和碳同位素组成的方法研究

用连续流同位素质谱对水样中溶解无机碳含量和碳同位素组成的测量方法进行了研究,使用德国Finnigan公司DeltaPlusXP同位素质谱仪和GasBenchⅡ在线制样装置对实验室制备的四个实验室标准进行了反应流程、平衡时间、信号强度、数据精度、标准稳定性等检测,结果显示平衡时间大于4h检测信号达到稳定,同时发现44CO2信号强度和水样中溶解无机碳(DIC)浓度具有很好的相关性,因此可以利用信号强度来计算原样品中的DIC浓度。在四个实验室标准中,由NaHCO3配置的标准具有非常好的稳定性和精度,可以作为测试的工作标准。本方法测量水样中溶解无机碳的δ13C分析精度为0.1‰。本方法可以广泛应用于自然界各种水体中溶解无机碳(DIC)含量及其稳定碳同位素组成的分析。     

方解石矿物包裹体中水的氢同位素组成在线测试方法

水是矿物流体包裹体的重要组成,承载着流体性质和演化信息。提取矿物包裹体中水的方法主要有真空破碎法及爆裂法。为了减少真空破碎法表面积增大引起水的吸附以及爆裂法在高温下发生同位素交换反应,本文自制了一个在线提取装置,以高纯He作为载气,与高温裂解装置—稳定同位素质谱仪(EA/HT-IRMS)相连,进行一系列的条件实验,确认了方解石矿物包裹体中水的氢同位素组成在线测试的关键技术参数。实验证实,当爆裂温度为420℃、爆裂时间为5 min、含水量为0.1～0.3μL时,利用在线提取装置—EA/HT-IRMS对方解石矿物包裹体中水的δD进行测试的精密度优于±1.5‰(1σ)。相对于传统离线分析方法,本方法实现方解石矿物包裹体中水的在线提取及氢同位素组成的在线测试,简化了操作流程,并提高实验测试效率。     

应用GasBench Ⅱ-IRMS优化碳氧同位素分析方法

GasBenchⅡ-连续流稳定同位素质谱仪(IRMS)联用在线分析已成为碳酸盐碳氧同位素分析测试的常用方法,已有研究认为不同的实验条件直接影响δ¹³C和δ¹⁸O同位素测试结果的准确性。但这些报道未对该联用方法所涉及的实验条件进行综合分析。本文系统研究了GasBenchⅡ-IRMS法中各种实验条件(包括排空时间、反应温度、反应时间和色谱分离温度)对碳氧同位素测试结果的综合影响。结果表明:排空时间大于9 min可有效消除空气对测试结果的干扰,不同的反应温度和时间对碳氧同位素分析结果均有一定影响,经条件优化确定反应温度为72℃,反应时间为60 min,色谱分离温度为60℃。在优化的实验条件下,碳氧同位素分析精度分别优于0.03‰和0.05‰,达到了国际分析测试水平。同时,选择合适的同位素数据归一化方法可以进一步保证碳氧同位素测试结果的准确性和可靠性。通过分析近4000件实际样品,对比单一标准物质校准和双标准物质校准同位素归一化方法的计算结果,发现双标准物质校准偏差小于单一标准物质校准偏差,因此建议采用双标准物质校准法进行样品同位素标准化计算。本研究为GasBenchⅡ-IRMS联用技术中实验条件的选取提供了一定的参考,保证碳氧同位素测试结果的可靠性和准确性。同时提出,由于样品成分复杂且不均一,在分析实际样品时需要根据样品的性质进一步对实验条件进行考察。     

真空抽提结合同位素分析技术研究风化剖面中水的氢氧同位素组成特征

沉积物不同赋存态水作为地球表生过程水岩相互作用的产物,其氢氧同位素组成对于探讨古气候、古环境演变有重要的意义。本文采用热重-真空抽提-液态水同位素测试三者联立技术,提取湖南风化剖面样品不同赋存态水,并测试其氢氧同位素组成。热重分析确立4段抽提温度区间:0~120℃、120~300℃、300~600℃和600~900℃;除120~300℃及300~600℃抽提出的赋存态水性质无法确定外,其余2个温度段赋存态水分别对应吸附水和结构水;0~120℃提取的吸附水主要为现代大气降水的蒸发残余水。由于同位素平衡分馏的原因,赋存态水与矿物晶格结合越紧密,其氢同位素值越偏负,氧同位素值越偏正。本研究方法可为地球表生过程和水循环研究提供依据。     

高真空与脉冲放电气相色谱联用装置研发及其在岩石脱气化学分析中的应用

岩石中气体化学组成的分析具有重要意义。载气保护下的岩石脱气,过程比较复杂;高真空下岩石脱气的气相色谱分析报道较少,一般不能测量气体的总量;真空脱气质谱法对于分子量相近的气体,很难进行测量。针对上述问题,本文研制了高真空岩石样品脱气分析装置,该装置真空度10-4Pa,空白样品压强0.1 Pa,N2含量测量精度为0.63%,标准温压下最少可测样品量1 mm3。将其与带脉冲放电检测器的气相色谱仪联用,实现了岩石脱气及其微升量级气体化学组成的高灵敏气相色谱分析。利用本系统分析了五大连池火山岩、松辽盆地储层岩石和四川盆地页岩样品中释放的气体,结果表明:相比以往的实验装置和方法,该系统能够直接测量岩石脱出气体的总量,分段加热脱气分析样品用量更少,气体组成分析灵敏度更高,检测的主要成分是岩石脱气常见的成分,针对性较强。     

稳定同位素地球化学研究进展

80年代末以来,稳定同位素地球化学在实验技术和理论研究方面取得了长足的发展,主要表现在用激光技术加热分解样品供同位素分析测量和同位素分子配分函数比与分馏实验相结合推导新的同位素计温方程两方面。现将其简单介绍如下。 1.稳定同位素实验方法的革新传统的稳定同位素实验方法基本上都是采用对真空系统外加热方法(H同位素例外)使样品直接分解或与化学试剂作用产生气体供质谱分析的。这些方法有两大缺点,一是所需样品量大,特别是对于某些难于分选的试样,人们只好以全岩代替单矿物测定它们的同位素组成;二是样品分析时间长,例如用BrF_5法释放硅酸盐中氧的流程长达24小时(其中高温反应时间在10小时以上),磷酸分解碳酸盐法需在25℃下恒温24小时。这些条件不仅对水、电等环境因素提出了较高的要求,而且不利于快速分析样品。激     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)