水晶屯金矿矿床地质特征及成因

下太古生界桑干群变质岩系地层为金矿床的原始矿源层,东西向的断裂构造为导矿构造,主断裂和伴生及派生的次一级断裂构造为金矿床的主要容矿构造,含金石英脉为矿床的主要矿石,经过对包裹体特征及同位索测试等的分析,认为水晶屯金矿矿床成因为变质热液中偏高温热液充填交代型矿床。     

砂金矿成因：两次成矿模式

根据地壳丰度/水圈丰度比值,金在表生条件下是一种活动性元素.原生矿或含金岩石中的金粒通常太细小,在水流搬运分选过程中不能富集成矿.砂金矿形成的一个必要前期步骤是在风化壳中,在地下水氧化-还原界面附近,通过电化学作用形成粗金粒.     

河南省花岗岩的含金丰度

本文测定和统计了河南省86个不同成因类型和规模的花岗岩体的含金丰度,其平均含量为1.156×10^-9,低于地壳含金丰度的3-4倍。不同成因类型的花岗岩的含金量不同,以大岩体-小斑岩体-碱性花岗岩的顺序逐渐增高。本文还讨论了不同期次、不同岩相的花岗岩的含金量和岩体含金量与金矿化的关系。     

论述金的成矿背景——含金地质建造

本文以含金地质建造的概念表述成矿前矿质的分布,进而阐述金的成矿背景.原生含金地质建造系指各地质时期具金高丰度值的超镁铁质岩石,主要来自上地幔.转生含金地质建造是地质环境发生重大改变之后,由原生含金地质建造转化所形成.     

东坪式金矿床地球化学特征

<正> 东坪金矿,是1985年检查验证1/5万的分散流过程中发现的一个金品位高、易采选的大型金矿。在此工作之前,从未做过金矿地质工作,实属为新开发的金矿产地。1 地质概况 矿区地处天山-阴山纬向复杂构造带燕山西段,尚义-崇礼-赤城深大断裂南 8 km水泉沟碱性杂岩体南接触带上。属夹皮沟-金厂峪金矿带西延部分。 区内广布太古宇桑干群变质岩系,其次有中元古界长城系和中生界侏罗系,分别在南部和其四周出露。水泉沟碱性杂岩体呈NWW侵位于桑干群中。     

河北大白阳金矿床黄铁矿微量元素及S-Pb同位素地球化学特征

大白阳金矿床位于华北克拉通北缘张家口地区,为一中型金矿床。矿床产于太古宇桑干群化家营组和涧沟河组变质地层中,受区内断裂和褶皱控制,金矿脉总体走向北北西。矿石类型为含金石英脉型和蚀变岩型,矿石矿物主要为磁铁矿、赤铁矿、黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、斑铜矿、自然金、银金矿及少量碲化物。矿床的成矿期可划分为4个成矿阶段,分别为石英-钾长石阶段、石英-黄铁矿阶段、石英-多硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐-硫酸盐阶段。矿床硫化物的δ³⁴S_V-CDT为-16.2‰~-10.5‰,为高氧逸度成矿流体所致;Pb同位素组成²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=16.762~17.293、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.350~15.463、²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=36.777~37.328,与区内岩浆岩Pb同位素组成一致。黄铁矿微量元素低,主要赋存于黄铁矿晶格中。黄铁矿中低的Co、Ni质量分数表明,黄铁矿从岩浆流体中沉淀。桑干群斜长角闪岩在蚀变过程中为流体提供部分成矿物质,为矿源层之一。大白阳金矿床属于与岩浆有关的热液矿床,其形成经历了泥盆纪金的初始矿化和侏罗纪-白垩纪的叠加成矿,由此也导致了张宣地区大量金矿床的出现。     

东坪金矿主要地质特征及控矿条件

东坪金矿产于水泉沟偏碱性杂岩体与太古宇桑干群变质岩之内接触带,矿石工业类型为石英脉和蚀变岩型,以前者为主.矿脉带走向为NNE,主要载金矿物为石英、黄铁矿、镜铁矿、黄铜矿和碲金矿,金成色937~990,矿化蚀变主要是钾长石化和硅化;肉红色钾长石化是东坪金矿乃至赋存于水泉沟杂岩体中所有金矿的典型特征.矿化共分5个阶段,其中第2、3两个阶段,即镜铁矿-自然金-石英阶段和多金属硫化物-自然金-石英阶段为主要成矿阶段.水泉沟杂岩体在东坪金矿成矿过程中,不仅提供了热动力,而且提供了成矿物质和矿化剂;太古宙桑干群涧沟河组提供了部分成矿物质,近E-W向尚义-崇礼-赤诚深大断裂控制了水泉沟金矿田的产出,而NNE和NW向两组裂隙则控制了东坪金矿矿体的产出.     

河北赤城金家庄金矿床成矿物质来源研究

<正> 金家庄金矿床位于华北地台北缘,内蒙地轴与燕山沉陷带的接壤处,崇礼-隆化近东西向深大断裂带中。矿体主要分布在超基性岩体内及附近围岩的断裂破碎带中。 1 矿床地质概况 受崇礼-隆化断裂活动的影响,矿区内发育一系列近东西向和北西及北东向的断层或破碎带。它们控制了岩体的分布,又控制了矿体的形态及产状,是该矿床主要的控矿构造(图1)。 矿区内的地层主要为太古宙桑干群变质岩及中生界侏罗系火山沉积岩。桑干群以角闪岩相为主,岩性有斜长角闪岩、角闪斜长片麻岩、     

上陆壳金丰度:1～1.5ppb

晚近资料表明,地球物质中金丰度不像以前估计的那么高.普通岩石正常情况下含金在1ppb左右,而且副矿物比主要组份对含金量的影响要明显.该文的结论是:上陆壳金丰度可能在1～1.5ppb.     

蒂明斯地区含金铁建造的痕量元素和稳定同位素地球化学

一、作者对蒂明斯南部迪洛罗群火山岩含金与不含金的燧石——磁铁矿铁建造的痕量元素和稳定同位素特征进行了对比,目的在于:1)确定这一环境内金的勘探准则:2)描述金矿化和碳酸盐蚀变的热液史。含金铁建造富含金、硫、钨、锑和二氧化碳。含金和不含金的两种铁建造具有相似的砷丰度。铁建造中的金表现为两种形式:1)原生金和保存在变质石英脉的黄铁矿里的包裹金;2)广泛分布在铁建造中的,与变质石英脉在空间上不共生的黄铁矿和磁黄铁矿颗粒中包裹的金。含金铁建造和在低温条件下被海水蚀变的玄武岩含有交代方解石,其δ13C 同位素组成为-1～-2‰(POB)。浸染状碳酸盐化蚀变带边部的方解石和核心部分的白云石.其δ13C 组成分别为-2‰和-4‰。这种趋势同蚀变带中心较高温碳酸盐沉淀物相一致。铁建造中交代碳酸盐的δ13C 组成范围从-2‰～-5‰.与磁铁矿的丰度有关。同生燧石碎屑和交代碳酸盐同遍在的含氧变质孔隙溶液有氧的交换。     

Geological characteristics and origin of the Hadamengou gold deposit in Inner Mongolia,China

The Hadamengou gold deposit is located in the western segment of the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC). It is hosted by Archean metamorphic rocks of the Wulashan Group. The main ore types include gold-bearing quartz vein type, gold-bearing quartz-potassic feldspar vein type, and gold-bearing altered rock type. Gold mineralization is closely related to K-feldspathization. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope data indicate that ore-forming fluids were dominated by magmatic water mixed with minor meteoric water. Sulfur and lead isotope data indicate that metallogenic materials were mainly supplied by the magmatic and Archean Wulashan Group. The gold mineralization was mainly formed during the Early Indosinian tectonic movement, which drove ore-forming fluids to the favorable depositional environment. The northern margin of the NCC is a prospective area for gold exploration. Gold deposits hosted by or related to alkaline intrusions have become one of the most important mineral exploration targets in northern China.     

东坪式金矿床铅同位素组成特征及其化探评价

东坪式金矿床产于华北克拉通化缘深大断裂－－尚义－赤城断裂的南侧,海西期水泉沟正长岩杂岩体内外接触带。矿体具有明显的分层笥,自上而下矿石类型由石英脉型向钾、硅化蚀变岩型过渡。矿床形成于燕山早期,成矿物质主要来源于正长岩杂岩体。矿石铅同位素组成与正长岩杂岩体相似,在＾２０７Ｐｂ／＾２０６Ｐｂ－＾２０８Ｐｂ／＾２０６Ｐｂ图解上,矿石、正长岩、矿石中的钾长石脉石及太古宇桑干群变质岩呈线性分布,矿石与正长岩     

Geology and Geochemistry of Reworking Gold Deposits in Intrusive Rocks of China—Ⅱ Gold Deposits and Their Genesis

Gold deposits in intrusive masses include the veinlet dissemination,quartz vein and veinlet dissemination vein types,They are distributed in fracture zones along the endocontact zone of a batholith or in the centre and edge of a stock.The metallogenic epochs are Yenshanian,Hercynian,Archean,Proterozoic and Himalayan,The gold deposits are characterized by a big difference in time span between gold mineralization and the formation of host masses Ore-forming materials were derived from the masses and auriferous strata and ore-forming fluids came from meteoric and formation waters.When circulating water was heated by ascending heat flow,gold would be extracted,concentrated and transported from auriferous rocks and then precipitated in the masses during the late tectonic movement,Finally gold deposits were formed in the intrusive masses.     

国内外太古宇中金矿床的地质及地球化学特征对比兼成因分析

产于太古宇中的金矿床在国内外都属主要金矿类型，虽然有成矿物质都来自含镁铁－超镁铁火山岩的太古宇，但成矿环境在国内外却有重大差异。国外矿床产在地盾上，围岩变质浅，延深大，无垂直分带，金矿物成色高，矿石Ａｕ／Ａｇ值大，放射性成因铅同位素低，成矿压力大，盐度低，成矿时代老（太古宙）。而国内矿床产在活化地台上，围岩变质深，有的有垂直分带性，金矿物成色较低，矿石Ａｕ／Ａｇ值小，放射性成因铅同位素高，成矿压力     

新疆北部主要金矿床的成矿地球化学特征

主要依据成矿作用方式,基本成矿特点及关键控矿标志等,将新疆北部的主要原生金矿新划分为７个矿床类型,分别是浅成低温热液型金矿、韧性剪切带蚀变岩型金矿、微细粒浸染型金矿、浅成岩－构造蚀变岩型金矿、变质热液型金矿、石英脉型金矿及铜、金伴生型矿床。通过分析比较各矿床类型典型金矿的ＲＥＥ分布型式、其矿石的微量元素含量与分布型式、硫与铅同位素组成及流体包裹体成分等资料,探讨了其成矿地球化学特征。     

Geology and Genesis of the Superlarge Jinchang Gold Deposit, NE China

The superlarge Jinchang gold deposit is located in the joint area between the Taipingling uplift and the Laoheishan depression of the Xingkai Block in both eastern Jilin and eastern Heilongjiang Province. Wall rocks of the gold deposits are the Neoproterozoic Huangsong Group of metamorphic rocks. Yanshanian magmatism in this region can be divided into 5 phases, the diorite, the graphic granite, the granite, the granite porphyry and the diorite porphyrite, which resulted in the magmatic domes and cryptoexplosive breecia chimney followed by large-scale hydrothermal alteration. Gold mineralization is closely related to the fourth and fifth phase of magmatism. According to the occurrences, gold ores can be subdivided into auriferous pyritized quartz vein, auriferous quartz-pyrite vein, auriferous polymetailic sulfide quartz vein and auriferous pyritized calcite vein. The ages of the gold deposit are ranging from 122.53 to 119.40 Ma. The ore bodies were controlled by a uniform tectono-magmatic hydrothermal alteration system that the ore-forming materials were deep derived from and the ore-forming fluids were dominated by magmatic waters with addition of some atmospheric water in the later phase of mineralization. Gold mineralization took place in an environment of medium to high temperatures and medium pressures. Ore-forming fluids were the K^＋-Na^＋-Ca^2＋-Cl^--SO4^2- type and characterized by medium salinity or a slightly higher, weak alkaline and weak reductive. Au in the ore-forming fluids was transported as complexes of [Au （HS）2]^-, [AuCl2]^-, [Au（CO2）]^- and [Au（HCO3）2]^-. Along with the decline of temperatures and pressures, the ore-forming fluids varied from acidic to weak acidic and then to weak alkaline, which resulted in the dissociation of the complex and finally the precipitation of the gold.     

辽南营口地区某些金矿床的铅同位素和氢氧同位素特征及成矿热液来源

辽南营口地区的猫岭金矿、黄家营子金矿、金厂沟金矿、隈子金矿等,金矿矿区内的矿石铅和中生代似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩的钾长石铅都是二个阶段的异常铅,二者的铅同位素组成近于一致,其中猫岭金矿的铅同位素组成与元古宙盖县组变质岩的铅同位素组成近于一致,表明成矿物质来自中生代似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩和盖县组变质岩。由氢氧同位素组成研究结果看,这些金矿的成矿热液主要来自于花岗岩浆热液,混有少量的大气降水。     

金窝子金矿金的赋存状态和金矿物特征

金窝子金矿属于岩浆热液型金矿床,金矿化类型有石英脉型和蚀变糜棱岩型.金多呈独立金矿物形式出现,少许呈分散状,以银金矿为主,次为自然金,平均成色782.金矿物以粒间金、裂隙金、连生金和包体金等形式嵌布于黄铁矿、石英、方铅矿及闪锌矿等主要载金矿物中,且黄铁矿、石英较金属硫化物中占优势,黄铜矿中未见金矿物.金矿物形态各样,粒度以中细粒为主.金矿物特征反映出本区金矿床的成矿物质主要来源于变质岩,成矿作用与华力西、燕山期中酸性侵入岩有关.这与地质地球化学研究所获得的矿床成因认识相一致.     

Geological features and origin of gold deposits occurring in the Baotou–Bayan Obo district, south-central Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China

Located at western portion of northern margin of North China craton, the Baotou–Bayan Obo district is one of the most important Fe–REE–Nb and Au metallogenic provinces in China. Presently, about 52 gold deposits and prospects have been discovered, explored and mined, among which Shibaqinhao, Laoyanghao, Houshihua, Saiyinwusu, Wulashan and Donghuofang are the most important ones. All these gold occurrences can be subdivided into three groups (or types) according to its host rocks: (1) hosted by Archean high-grade metamorphic rocks; (2) hosted by Proterozoic sedimentary rocks; (3) hosted by or related to Hercynian alkaline intrusive rocks. The first group contains the Shibaqinhao, Laoyanghao and Houshihua gold deposits. Gold mineralization at these three deposits occurs within Archean amphibolite, gneiss and granulite as gold-bearing quartz veins and veinlet groups containing native gold, electrum, pyrite and chalcopyrite. The Saiyinwusu deposit belongs to the second group, and occurs within Proterozoic sandstone, quartzite and carbonaceous slate as quartz veins and replacement bodies along the fracture zones. Pyrite, marcasite, arsenopyrite, native gold and electrum are identified. The third group includes the Wulashan, Donghuofang and Luchang deposits. Gold mineralization at these three deposits occurs predominantly within the Hercynian alkaline syenite or melagabbro stocks and dyke swarms or along their contacts with Archean metamorphic wall rocks as K-feldspar–quartz veins, dissemination and veinlets. Pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, native gold and calaverite are major metallic minerals.δ³⁴S value of sulfides (pyrite, galena and pyrrhotite) separates from groups 1 and 2 varies from −4.01‰ to −0.10‰ and −3.01‰ to 2.32‰, respectively. δ³⁴S values of Archean and Proterozoic metamorphic wall rocks for groups 1 and 2 deposits range from −20.2‰ to −17.0‰ and −15.8‰ to −16.2‰, respectively. The values are much lower than their hosted gold deposits. All these pyrite separates from Hercynian alkaline intrusions associated with the gold deposits show positive δ³⁴S values of 1.3‰ to 4.8‰, which is higher than those Precambrian metamorphic wall rocks and their hosted gold deposits. δ³⁴S values of the sulfides (pyrite and galena) from the Donghuofang and Wulashan deposits (group 3) increase systematically from veins (−14.8‰ to −2.4‰) to the Hercynian alkaline igneous wall rocks (2.8‰ to 4.8 ‰). All of these deposits in groups 1, 2 and 3 show relatively radiogenic lead isotopic compositions compared to mantle or lower crust curves. Most lead isotope data of sulfides from the gold ores plot between the Hercynian alkaline intrusions and Precambrian metamorphic wall rocks. Data are interpreted as indicative of a mixing of lead from mantle-derived alkaline magma with lead from Precambrian metamorphic wall rocks.Isotopic age data, geological and geochemical evidence suggest that the ore fluids for the groups 1 and 2 deposits were generated during the emplacement of the Hercynian alkaline syenite and mafic intrusions. The Hercynian alkaline magma may provide heat, volatiles and metals for these groups 1 and 2 deposits. Evolved metamorphic fluids produced by the devolatilization, which circulated the wall rocks, were also progressively involved in the alkaline magmatic hydrothermal system, and may have dominate the ore fluids during late stage of ore-forming processes. Most of these gold deposits hosted by Archean high-grade metamorphic rocks occur at or near the intersections of the NE- and E–W-trending fracture systems. The ore fluid of the group 3 deposits may have resulted from the mixing of Hercynian alkaline magmatic fluids and evolved meteoric waters. The deposits are believed to be products of Hercynian alkaline igneous processes along deep-seated fault zones within Archean terrain.     

中朝准地台原生金矿铅同位素特征及有关问题的讨论

本文研究了中朝准地台原生金矿床各类地质体铅同位素组成特征,认为中朝准地台构造环境的演化趋势是从活动带到稳定克拉通又到活化克拉通;与此同时,由于构造环境的缘故,金的演化历史主要分为两个阶段:一是金矿源层的形成(37～20亿年),二是金的活化与成矿作用(1.8～1.0亿年);并初次确立了在准地台上寻找同类金矿床的地质、地球化学找矿模式,即:太古代变质岩系(金源)—中生代花岗岩浆作用(金的活化、转移、富集)—含金构造裂隙(金的集中、沉淀、成矿)。