李氏叶肢介（Leaid）在内蒙古上二叠统陶海营子组 的发现及其意义

2009年8月,在内蒙古大兴安岭地区扎鲁特旗陶海营子重新测制了上二叠统陶海营子组剖面。自下而上共发现3层叶肢介（包括2层李氏叶肢介类Leaid化石）,经鉴定为单脊型与双脊型的新种类。在中国,二叠纪的李氏叶肢介类（Leaid）化石前人仅在甘肃肃南县上二叠统肃南组发现过,计2属3种[1],其后一直未见报道。这类化石在大兴安岭地区的发现,填补了该时期中国东部李氏叶肢介类（Leaid）分布的空白,为该时期地层的区域对比和时代确定提供了重要的化石证据,具有重要的地层意义。同时,为进一步探讨它们的分布、迁徙、古生态、生物地理区系等增加了实际材料,具有古地理和古构造学上的理论意义。     

黔南桑朗地区上二叠统和泥盆系中的遗迹化石及其沉积环境

在黔南望谟县桑朗区(图1)马岭岗上二叠统剖面和水电站中上泥盆统剖面中有比较丰富的遗迹化石。根据采得的材料统计,共有7个属10个种(包括未定种),其中有两个新属和四个新种。在描述这些遗迹化石的同时,笔者还根据岩石学特征及遗迹化石的组合特征来对当时的沉积环境作一初步探讨。     

贵州沫阳剖面二叠纪末浅水沉积特征及其古环境意义

处于大贵州滩南缘的罗甸沫阳剖面在晚二叠世时发育典型的浅水相沉积组构,包括长兴期生物礁、生物灭绝事件界面附近的不连续面以及可能的古岩溶堆积物。其中长兴组为典型的钙质海绵礁,造礁生物主要包括古石孔藻、Tubiphytes和纤维海绵,同时大量的栉壳状胶结物填充礁体孔隙并具有世代性。在沫阳剖面的不连续面,可识别标志包括缝合线和侵蚀面两种,分布于上二叠统顶部泥粒岩-颗粒岩（〖XCTT.TIF〗类、海绵、钙藻以及Tubiphytes为主）与鲕粒灰岩之间。在部分露头上还可见一类特殊的角砾岩:角砾类型既包括生屑团块和泥晶团块,还包括硅质岩碎块,数量众多,大小不一且磨圆很差。大量含巨鲕的鲕粒灰岩直接上覆于角砾岩,以及角砾岩顶部的裂隙之中。除此之外,包括垮塌角砾岩和洞穴堆积物等特征的发现,都指示了沫阳剖面在当时岩溶发育。这类沉积物产生的原因可能是由于晚二叠世时,沫阳地区持续发育的生物礁形成了突出的古地貌单元,随着相对海平面的下降晚二叠世沉积物发生暴露。在大气淡水-渗流成岩作用影响下,暴露地表的突出地形上岩溶作用发育;非突出地形受风化剥蚀及随后海侵过程的双重影响,与上覆地层之间显示侵蚀面或缝合线接触的特征。从野外露头情况来看,沫阳剖面并没有像其他浅水台地一样在生物灭绝事件之后发育微生物岩,而是直接出露一套含核形石和巨鲕的鲕粒灰岩。以鲕粒灰岩为主的“灾难沉积物”紧邻长兴组生物碎屑灰岩的情况在华南比较少见,这对于进一步了解生物灭绝事件起因以及当时特殊的海洋环境状况具有重要意义。     

Global correlation of basal Triassic layers in the light of the first carbon isotope data on the Permian-Triassic boundary in Northeast Asia

This paper is dedicated to the global correlation of the marine Permian-Triassic boundary layers based on some published and original data on the δ¹³C_org and δ¹³C_carb values obtained for the section along the Suol Creek (Setorym River, southern Verkhoyansk region). The section includes six carbon-isotope intervals readily distinguished in the corresponding curves obtained for several Permian and Triassic reference sections in Eurasia and North America including palleontologically well substantiated sections of central Iran, Kashmir, and South China. This provides grounds for assuming the Permian-Triassic boundary’s position in the Suol Creek section as being close to the carbon-isotope minimum of Interval IV. In the light of new data, the upper part of the Upper Permian Changhsingian Stage in Siberia is proposed to correspond in range to the Otoceras concavum range zone, and the lower substage of the Lower Triassic Induan Stage, to the Tompophiceras pascoei and Wordieoceras decipiens zones. The Otoceras concavum Zone of the Verkhoyansk region in its new understanding is likely correlative with the upper Changhsingian Hypophiceras triviale Zone of Greenland. Carbon-isotope intervals II, III, IV, and V defined in the Permian-Triassic boundary layers of the Verkhoyansk region, which are traceable in several reference sections of Eurasia and North America, evidently coincide with the period of some intensification of the volcanic activity in the initial late Changhsingian and with the first phases of extensive eruption of Siberian trappes in the terminal Changhsingian and initial Induan ages. New data imply the probable survival of some ammonoid species from the superfamily Otoceratoidea after the mass extinction of organisms in the terminal Permian Epoch.     

华南二叠系长兴阶灰岩的碳同位素地层对比

以浙江长兴煤山长兴阶层型剖面、江西上高七宝山剖面、陕西汉中梁山剖面为代表的华南长兴阶碳酸盐岩碳同位素地层,清楚地显示出长兴阶顶、底为碳同位素低值区,其中Ｐ－Ｔ界线附近的碳同位素出现强烈负异常事件。在长兴阶内部两次碳同位素低值异常区,将长兴阶碳同位素演化曲线由下至上明显分为３个旋回,其中长兴阶顶,也即Ｐ－Ｔ界线,碳同位素强烈负异常与生物绝灭事件有关,时间短,变化幅度大,是全球界线对比的重要标志。而其它碳同位素负漂移和由此构成的３个旋回,在华南可以追踪对比。上旋回与长兴阶上段煤山段相当;而中、下旋回则与下段葆青段相当,并将其两分。碳同位素地层对比表明江西上高地区长兴组的中、上部可能属长兴阶,而下部厚约９０ｍ的含Ｇａｌｏｗａｙｉｎｅｌａ灰岩可能属吴家坪晚期。     

滇黔桂盆地及其邻区二叠系与三叠系之交的淹没不整合面

滇黔桂盆地及其邻区在晚二叠世长兴晚期发生快速海侵,导致了第I幕淹没事件,研究区内的连陆台地大部分被淹没,形成大隆组硅质泥页岩系凝缩段地层和其下相对局限发育的第I幕淹没不整合面;在早三叠世印度初期发生更大规模的快速海侵,导致更大的第Ⅱ幕淹没事件,研究区内的连陆台地和孤立台地均被淹没,形成罗楼组、马脚岭组等同时异相沉积地层底部的钙质泥页岩系凝缩段地层和其下全区普遍发育的较为典型的第Ⅱ幕淹没不整合面。这两幕淹没不整合面合称二叠系与三叠系之交的淹没不整合面,它们是三级层序SQ₂₆的底界面,具有明显的穿时性;凝缩段是它们的主要标志。中二叠世冷坞末期和晚二叠世吴家坪末期的两幕东吴运动导致的研究区古地理背景的重大改变对淹没不整合面的发育有重要的影响。淹没不整合面的形成与二叠纪末期发生的全球淹没事件基本同步,是全球海平面急剧上升的结果,它对研究区的石油勘探具有积极的地质意义。     

广西柳桥地区上二叠统礁灰岩中发现沥青

研究区位于广西扶绥县东门镇和柳桥镇之间,主要分布上二叠统和下三叠统地层.上二叠统包括合山组、上二叠统礁灰岩和大隆组.下三叠统罗楼组由泥岩和灰岩组成.大隆组主要为放射虫硅质岩和泥岩,含有丰富的放射虫、有孔虫、介形虫、菌藻类、腕足类、菊石类和双壳类化石,是好的烃源岩层.礁灰岩具有大量裂隙和孔洞,是好的储集层.在柳桥地区东攀剖面、岜陇剖面和岜料剖面,礁灰岩裂隙和孔洞普遍被沥青充填.研究区上二叠统礁灰岩是值得注意的油气勘探远景区.     

The Position of the Wuchiapingian–Changhsingian Boundary in Northeast Russia on the Basis of Radioisotopic and Chemostratigraphic Data

Doklady Earth Sciences - The approximate position of the Wuchiapingian–Changhsingian boundary of the Upper Permian in Northeast Russia was determined for the first time on the basis of the...     

重庆巫溪红池坝长兴阶深水相沉积记录及地质意义*

重庆巫溪红池坝剖面长兴阶上部地层出露齐全,产系列牙形刺和深水陆棚相遗迹化石。通过建立牙形刺带,对该剖面长兴阶沉积相类型及特征进行了精细研究,并讨论了区域大隆组/长兴组界线的时代归属。长兴中—晚期开始,沉积环境由深水盆地向深水陆棚逐渐过渡,海洋生态环境的不稳定性开始显现并持续发展,基于时间序列的遗迹化石记录详细刻画了深水陆棚水体含氧量频繁加速波动过程,为系统审视二叠纪末生物与环境协同演化提供了重要依据。     

The Buday’ah Formation, Sultanate of Oman: A Middle Permian to Early Triassic oceanic record of the Neotethys and the late Induan microsphere bloom

The Middle Permian to Lower Triassic Buday’ah section, exposed in the Oman Mountains, is the first deep-sea section to be described in the Neotethys. The oceanic sediments were deposited along the southern Tethys margin in the newly formed Hawasina Basin. It is one of the few places where true Tethyan Permian radiolarites are exposed that allow the documentation of CCD evolution through time. The succession begins as oceanic crust pillow basalt with red ammonoid-rich pelagic limestone occurring both above and within inter-pillow cavities; the new occurrence of Clarkina postbitteri hongshuiensis indicates a late Capitanian age for the carbonate. The sharp change to overlying late Capitanian to Changhsingian radiolarite reflects rapid subsidence about 10 Myrs after initial continental breakup that resulted in the formation of the Neotethys Ocean. New conodonts indicate that the Permian-Triassic boundary succession occurs in the first platy lime mudstone beds above a Changhsingian siliceous to calcareous shale unit. The platy lime mudstone beds include an Upper Griesbachian bloom of calcite filled spheres (radiolarians?) that marks a potential world-wide event. New conodonts indicate an early Olenekian age for overlying grey papery limestone that are devoid of both macrofossils and trace fossils indicating that recovery from the Late Permian extinction has not yet progressed within this deep-water environment.δ¹³C_org, isotope values have not been disturbed and they show a negative shift just below the Permian-Triassic transition and a second one at the parvus zone level above. The Buday’ah succession may represent the most distal and probably deepest Permian and Lower Triassic depositional sequence within the basin.     

苏浙皖接壤地区的砺山—江阴海堤存疑及其他

<正>苏浙皖接壤地区有许多好的二叠系界线部面，著名的长兴煤山界线候选层型部面就出露在这里(盛金章1983;Sheng et al.1994)。因为本区长兴组岩相多变，在研究     

四川通江诺水河二叠纪-三叠纪界线地层牙形石的发现

川东北地区碳酸盐台地相区二叠系-三叠系界线划分一向存在分歧,因为在二叠系与三叠系之间发育一套40-100m的白云岩的时代缺乏古生物依据。针对这一问题,在四川通江诺水河剖面进行地层古生物研究,在剖面34层和41层的白云岩中首次分别发现了牙形石化石Hindeodus latidentatus、Hindeodus typicalis和Hindeousminutus,Hindeous parvus、Isarcicella cf.staeschei、Isarcicella isacica。根据当前国内外古生物学的研究成果,34层的牙形石属于晚二叠世长兴期的化石,41层中的牙形石为早三叠世印度期的化石。结合两者的之间的岩石地层特点,初步将通江诺水河剖面的二叠系-三叠系的界线置于38层与39层、即白云岩与灰岩之间。     

重庆北碚长兴期腕足动物群落的划分及其地层意义

重庆北碚地区晚二叠世长兴期地层出露良好,剖面位于北碚代家沟东北部,经过详细调查研究,在厚度为110.5m的长兴组石灰岩地层中发现有丰富的腕足动物,共有28属46种。按照识别与划分化石群落的5个基本条件,本区长兴期腕足动物可以划分为3个化石群落,本区长兴期生态地层建立3个化石群落带,自上而下为:Uncinunellina-Peltichia带、Haydenella-Perigeyerella带、Oldhamina-Meekella带。从而将本区长兴期地层三分。     

四川省宜宾市江安硅化木群地质遗迹资源特征及保护策略建议

宜宾市江安县的怡乐镇的硅化木群主要赋存于体罗系上统蓬莱镇组下段的灰黄色钙质长石砂岩中,根据初步显微观察,硅化木为保存次生木质部的一种松柏类植物。江安硅化木群在研究长江流域古气候、古地理、古生态演化和地壳变动等具有重要的价值,当前保护现状令人担忧。本文分析了该地质遗迹资源的特征,研究分析了其保护意义,提出了相应的保护策略建议。     

A new earwig (Dermaptera: Pygidicranidae) from the Upper Cretaceous Myanmar amber

A new genus and species, Gracilipygia canaliculata gen. et sp. nov., in the family Pygidicranidae of Dermaptera is described from the Upper Cretaceous Myanmar amber. The new species is assigned to the subfamily Pyragrinae mainly based on the following characters: broadly separated cercal forceps without segmentation and the posterior abdominal tergum with mediolongitudinal furrow and lateral ridges. The G. canaliculata gen. et sp. nov. is the earliest record hitherto for the subfamily Pyragrinae, and probably represents a stem taxa of Pyragrinae.     

浙江长兴地区二叠系与三叠系界线层型研究

<正> 中国南部二叠系与三叠系分界的层型剖面位于浙江长兴煤山(赵金科、盛金章等,1980)。在这个剖面上,1978年赵金科等把上二叠统的顶界确定在“未定名菊石带”,后经重新研究,又改归于下三叠统底部(赵金科、盛金章等,1980)。1980年5月,我们再度去上述界线层型剖面工作,在“未定名菊石带”同一层位详细采集化石,并到邻区安徽广德独山、江苏宜兴湖汷等地的相当层位调查,进一步证实在界线层型剖面上的“未定名菊石带”     

豫西宜阳上二叠统孙家沟组孢粉组合及其地质意义*

豫西宜阳上二叠统孙家沟组为一套陆相碎屑岩,在该组中部土门段砂泥互层中发现大量的植物化石碎片和孢粉化石。文中依据孙家沟组沉积特征及孢粉组合区域对比,厘定了土门段的地质时代,并依据孢粉化石的亲缘植物关系和信息函数,结合微量元素Sr/Cu值指标,定性和半定量分析了宜阳地区的古气候特征。结果显示: 土门段共发现52属孢粉化石,以裸子植物花粉占优势,与华北地区晚二叠世孢粉组合特征有很大的相似性,推测其地质时代相当于晚二叠世长兴期。孢粉化石属种的植物亲缘关系与欧美镁灰岩统植物成分类似,表明整体上为较炎热的半干旱古气候。该成果可为华北地区晚二叠世晚期的陆相沉积环境、古植物背景以及古气候演化研究提供参考依据。     

Diversity of the Woody Vegetation of Gondwanan Southern Africa

The flora of Gondwanan southern Africa is represented in the rock record by micro-fossils, macro-fossils and petrified woods. All these types of fossils are seldom preserved together in any one particular facies because of taphonomic and preservational biases. In order to obtain as accurate a picture as possible of the woody vegetation, both the fossil woods and other macroplant fossils, such as leaf impressions, fructifications and cuticle, of woody plants, have been correlated. This was done for each Formation in the Karoo Supergroup in order to illustrate the changes in diversity of woody vegetation over time. Sediments of the Karoo Supergroup represent the terrestrial fossil record of the period Upper Carboniferous to the Lower Cretaceous when Africa finally separated from South America. In the Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permian (Dwyka Formation) there are at least five described genera of woods from South Africa and Namibia. Early to Middle Permian woods (Ecca Group) are a little more diverse with six genera, representing the glossopterids, cordaitaleans and possibly other seed fern groups. Late Permian to Early Triassic (Beaufort Group) woods show very little change in diversity in spite of the major floral and biotic turnover evident from the rest of the fossil record. Although the Late Triassic (Molteno Formation) macro-flora has been shown to be an example of explosive diversification, the generally poorly preserved woods do not reflect this. Lower Jurassic fossils (Clarens Formation) are also poorly preserved but have araucarian characteristics. Early Cretaceous woods represent the Araucariaceae, Cheirolepidiaceae and Podocarpaceae with a number of species. The diversity of the woods has not changed as much as the rest of the floral components in southern Africa from the Late Carboniferous to the Early Cretaceous. Possible reasons for this apparent stasis are the conservative nature of wood, functional restrictions, limitations of suitable conditions for petrifications and the fact that very little research has been done on southern African woods.     

华南晚二叠世碳酸盐岩碳同位素旋回对海平面变化的响应

华南晚二叠世的碳同位素变化曲线是逐渐降低的,与全球海平面变化趋势相一致。华南晚二叠世碳酸盐岩碳同位素旋回可分为两个三级旋回,与两个三级海平面变化响应,其中吴家坪晚期和长兴期组成了一个三级旋回。华南长兴期识别出了三个四级碳同位素地层旋回可能与四级海平面变化旋回相对应。华南晚二叠世碳同位素旋回记录了全球海平面变化的信息:高值区和高海平面相对应,而低值区和低海平面相对应。     

吉林省中东部晚中生代含煤地层中的木化石

通过对吉林省晚中生代含煤地层中木化石的系统调查，共采集162块木化石，均属裸子植物，共5属8种。其中出现频率最高者为异木属，其次为落羽杉型木属等，Taxadiorylon albertense，T．pseudonlbertense两种在中国为首次发现。笔者将木化石称Xenoxylon latiporosum-Taxodioxylon pseudoalbeltense组合。研究表明，异木属主要生长在温湿的温带气候环境；据目前的资料还不能证明该属是适应能力极强的树种。本文还记述了上述木化石产出的地质概况，并探讨了其地质意义和古环境。