贵州凯里煤矿地区水质分析与微生物处理实验研究

分析贵州凯里地区煤矿排出废水对周边环境的危害,开展了生物法处理受污染河水的试验研究.对贵州凯里地区从鱼洞到江口的一段河流进行取样分析,通过测定色度、OD、SS、pH值及重金属元素浓度等指标,分析煤矿废水对当地生态环境的污染状况.利用硅酸盐细菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)GY03菌株所产生的絮凝物质探讨其对煤矿废水的吸附作用和处理效果,结果表明,该絮凝剂对水样的最大絮凝率为97.94%,SS去除率达99.43%,对总铁、Zn2 和Ti4 的最大去除率分别为91.94%,90.93%和90%.这说明该絮凝剂能够有效改善受煤矿污染水体的水质.研究结果为微生物絮凝剂在煤矿废水治理中的应用提供了参考资料.     

微生物絮凝剂絮凝活性研究

用微生物絮凝剂对2g/L,200目高岭土悬浊液絮凝率的测定,得出培养液中絮凝活性分布及活性菌产生絮凝剂时的最佳条件.这种菌产絮凝剂的最佳条件如下pH值7.5～9.0,温度28～30℃,300r/min摇床培养45～60h.     

微生物絮凝剂研究和应用进展

微生物絮凝剂是由微生物产生的有絮凝活性的代谢产物．由于微生物絮凝剂具有降解性能好、应用广泛、成本低、操作简单及不会导致二次污染等优点，正日益引起人们的广泛重视。本文综述了微生物絮凝剂的开发现状和应用进展，系统介绍了微生物絮凝剂产生的条件、絮凝机理以及影响其絮凝活性的因素，着重列举了微生物絮凝剂在水处理领域中的应用实例。最后对微生物絮凝剂的发展趋势进行了展望。     

无机高分子絮凝剂絮凝机制的研究进展

近年来无机高分子絮凝剂的研究已成为水处理药剂研究的热点。本文概述近年来无机高分子絮凝剂絮凝机理的研究进展 ,包括我们所最近研制的三系列含水聚硅酸铝铁钠废水净化剂 ,它们的优缺点及其絮凝机理。重点阐明研制絮凝剂时通常采用共存阴离子和活性硅酸与铝盐或 /和铁盐的聚合作用 ,并探索絮凝剂中各组分对絮凝剂的絮凝效果的贡献。     

非金属矿物混凝剂的特性和去污混凝机理

研制了非金属矿物混凝剂。对造纸废水中的化学耗氧量和色度的去除率分别达８０％和９４％;对地表水的浊度去除率达９９．５％,污泥水率降低,沉降速度快。探讨了非金属矿物混凝剂的去污混凝机理。     

混凝和膜分离联用处理制药废水二级出水中试试验

对东北制药总厂废水处理厂的二级出水采用混凝-超滤-反渗透膜工艺进行中试处理研究。试验结果表明：混凝工艺对浊度和COD的去除率分别在62.0％和22.3％以上;超滤工艺对浊度和COD的去除率分别在87.4％和54.5％以上;反渗透工艺产水脱盐率在97.6％以上。工艺出水满足循环用水水质指标,工艺运行稳定。     

掺铁-TiO2/膨润土复合光催化材料制备及性能

采用酸性溶胶法制备掺铁-TiO₂/膨润土复合光催化剂,利用XRD﹑IR等测试手段对其进行了表征。通过测试甲基橙溶液的脱色率和COD去除率对复合光催化剂的光催化活性进行了评价。结果表明,该催化剂有较高的催化氧化性能,在太阳光照射下,对pH=4﹑质量浓度为20 mg/L的甲基橙溶液进行降解时,其脱色率可达95%以上,COD去除率可达85%以上。该催化剂在经过200℃焙烧活化2.5 h后可多次重复利用。     

铝钛柱撑改性膨润土处理两种模拟废水的实验研究

以钠基膨润土为原料制备了铝钛无机柱撑、铝钛有机柱撑改性膨润土，确定了改性膨润土的最佳铝钛比和铝土比，并将其应用于模拟废水、化学实验室废水的处理。与原土进行比较，探讨了用量、pH值、搅拌时间等对COD去除率、色度去除率、浊度去除率的影响，通过正交实验对实验条件进行了优化。结果表明：有机柱撑改性膨润土、无机柱撑改性膨润土对废水的处理效果均明显好于原土，对废水色度、浊度的去除率均大于93％；对废水COD的去除效果，有机柱撑改性膨润土比无机柱撑改性膨润土有较大提高，去除率最高达66．31％，结果令人满意。     

微生物絮凝剂的絮凝性能研究

研究了微生物絮凝剂“Dtjm-1”的絮凝性能，通过改变废水初始pH值，调整废水中阳离子种类、阳离子浓度及改变发酵液的离心条件和投加体积，得出絮凝剂“Dtjm-1”的最佳絮凝条件为：废水pH值7.2-8.0；能较好促进絮凝的离子有Al^3 ,Ca^2 ,它们最适合的浓度为每升废水中加入0．75－1g/L；发酵液的投加体积为（0.075-0.080):1(体积比）；发酵液较好的离心条件为n=4000r/min,t=30min。通过不同废水絮凝效果试验表明，得出絮凝剂“Dtjm-1”具有很好的絮凝作用和脱色性能。     

酸改性蒙脱石对煤气废水预处理的试验研究

根据蒙脱石层间域的活性对其进行酸改性。对酸改性蒙脱石去除煤气废水中COD和色度的适宜条件、脱色机理进行了讨论。研究结果表明：天然蒙脱石经酸改性处理后,大幅度提高了对煤气废水中COD和色度的去除能力。在酸改性蒙脱石投加量为20g/L和pH6．5～7．5,处理时间30～40min,室温条件,静置时间7-8h,煤气废水COD和色度的去除率分别为69％～70％和76％。蒙脱石粘土可以为煤气废水预处理提供廉价高效的吸附剂。     

Study on the Flocculability of Metal Ions by Bacillus Mucilaginosus GY03 Strain

Inrecentyears,withtherapiddevelopmentofindustrialeconomy ,wastewaterisdischargedinhugevolumeandtheaccumulationofheavymetalionsinsoilsandwatersourcesisspeededuprapidly .Asaresult,waterpollutionhasbecomeadailydeterioratingproblem .Heavymetalsareeasytoenterthefoodchain ,therebyconstitutingagreatthreattothehealthofanimalsandhu manbeings .Therefore,howtoeffectivelyhandleheavymetalpollutionhasbecomeacommonat tractionformankind .Theroutineheavymetaltreatmentmethodsaremainlythechemical,phys icalandphy…     

Study on the flocculability of metal ions by<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus mucilaginosus</Emphasis> GY03 strain

This study deals with the flocculability of two types of metal ions by Bacillus macilaginosus GY03 Strain, with an emphasis on the influence of pH conditions, volume and time of flocculants produced by GY03 Strain on the adsorption of metal irons such as Pb^2 and Mn^2 and the capabilities of floceulants to adsorb metal ions of different concentrations. The results showed that microbial flocculants produced by Bacillus mucilaginosus GY03 Strain are highly capable of flocculating metal ions, but show different effectiveness with respect to the adsorption of Pb^2 and Mn^2 . In accordance with the experimental data and actual waste-water treatment conditions, the relevant regression equation of floeculation has been deduced, which has found some application in practice. The experimental results of this study demonstrated that microbial flocculants produced by Bacillus mucilaginosus can be used to treat metallic ion-containing waste water. In practical application the volume of microbial floceulants required and flocculation conditions should be taken into comprehensive consideration in accordance with the properties of metal ions, the composition of anions and the solubility of other metals, in combination with the cost and effectiveness of floceulants to be used. Floeeulant used in this experiment has the advantages of being applied over a wide range of pH values, small flocculant volume, and rapid speed of floeeulation. So this kind of flocculant is within excellent prospect of application.     

Zeolite and fungi’s flocculability of simulated wastewater containing heavy metal ions or phosphorus

This paper focuses on the flocculability of simulated wastewater containing heavy metal ions (Fe3+, Cd2+) or phosphorus by zeolite, microbial flocculants (MBF) produced by Aspergillus niger and the composite flocculant composed of zeolite and MBF. The main results are presented as follows: zeolite was a good flocculant when the contamination of the three simulated wastewaters was low, but the treated water is of turbidness and the particles in it are hard to precipitate. The MBF have a good flocculability toward Fe3+ wastewater, as well as particulate matter. Significant changes in flocculability occurred after adding the composite flocculant in different simulated wastewaters, the best or least effect respective for Fe3+ and Cd2+ wastewater. The research we have done shows that the method by which the composite flocculant is used to treat the wastewater containing heavy metal ions or phosphorus provides important reference value for practical application.     

深圳市电镀废水微生物处理初步研究

利用一株絮凝效果好的胶质芽胞杆菌所产的微生物絮凝剂进行了深圳市较具代表性电镀废水絮凝性实验。结果表明,微生物絮凝剂有较强的吸附作用,能降低电镀废水中重金属离子的浓度,对废水pH值有一定的调节作用。实验确定了处理综合电镀废水中重金属的条件,初步提出电镀废水的处理和回用工艺。     

Exopolysaccharide from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus</Emphasis> sp. YP03: its properties and application as a flocculating agent in wastewater treatment

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are polymeric substances composed of sugars and are produced by microbes to form colonies and inhibit the growth of other organisms. In the present study, the bacterial strain Bacillus sp. YP03 was isolated from soil sample using a high-sucrose selective medium, the produced EPS recovered using ethanol precipitation, and lyophilized. In sugar analysis, it was found to be rich in fructose content, amounting to 86.1%, and further displayed appreciable antioxidant, emulsification, and flocculation activities. EPS concentration of 140 µg/ml, pH of 7.5, and the presence of trivalent metal cations augmented its flocculating ability. When applied as a coagulant aid in the treatment of municipal wastewater, up to 47 and 89% reductions of chemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids, respectively, were witnessed. Owing to these encouraging results, Bacillus sp. EPS could be applied as a potentially beneficial flocculant in wastewater treatment, for achieving accentuated TSS and organic load removal during primary sedimentation.     

Biosafety assessment of municipal wastewater after treatment by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Serratia</Emphasis> sp. ISTVKR1

The previously described potent biodegrading bacterial strain Serratia sp. ISTVKR1 isolated from sludge of Vasant Kunj Sewage Treatment Plant (VK STP) was used for the study of detoxification of municipal wastewater contaminants with the help of in vitro bioassays conducted on human liver cancer cell line HepG2. The strain has previously been shown to reduce wastewater contaminant load as revealed by a sevenfold reduction in COD and removal of some organic contaminants in the GC–MS analysis of wastewater post-72-h bacterial treatment. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and dioxin-like behavior of real municipal wastewater (collected from inlet of VK STP) was assessed before and after bacterial treatment using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), alkaline comet and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assays, respectively. The bacterial strain was inoculated into MSM broth (pH = 7.2) containing 50% v/v filter-sterilized influent of VK STP and incubated up to 240 h at 30 °C and 130 rpm. Physicochemical and toxicological analyses were performed for the culture samples. The results of bioassays revealed an increase in cell viability by 40.16% and a reduction in the % EROD activity by 58.4% in the 240-h bacteria-treated sample as compared to the 0-h sample. Genotoxicity as indicated by tail moment (TM) and olive tail moment (OTM) was found to reduce by five- and threefold, respectively, after 240-h bacterial treatment. The results of the study confirmed the potency of the bacterial strain in detoxification of wastewater contaminants.     

利用坡缕石酸活化废液制备聚合氯化铝铁

坡缕石粘土生产活性白土的过程中产生的酸化废液会对环境造成严重污染,利用此废液,通过加入浓碱在一定条件下聚合制备了聚合氯化铝铁,最佳聚合pH值为4.0,所得产品基本符合GB15892-2003水处理剂国家标准.混凝实验结果显示,在480 mg/L的投药量下聚合氯化铝铁对自配水的浊度去除率最高可达98.3%,且适应的pH值范围较宽,处理效果优于其他常用絮凝剂.     

硅酸盐细菌煤炭脱硫实验研究

煤炭生物脱硫技术是目前和将来的重要研究内容之一.采用生长在含高硫煤培养基中的硅酸盐细菌来去除煤炭中的硫.研究结果表明,硅酸盐细菌对所用高硫煤样有脱硫效果,全硫含量从原煤样的5.45%降至处理后的3.45%,全硫脱除率达36.70%,其中细菌有效脱除率达9.91%.摇床培养的硅酸盐细菌比静止培养的硅酸盐细菌对煤炭脱硫效果更好.含氮培养基培养的硅酸盐细菌比无氮培养基培养的硅酸盐细菌脱硫效果要好.初步研究结果显示,硅酸盐细菌不仅对煤中硫化铁硫存在氧化作用,同时也对煤中有机硫和无机硫存在吸收与代谢转化作用.认为硅酸盐细菌对煤炭的脱硫作用存在两种机理:①硅酸盐细菌及其代谢产物对煤中硫产生氧化作用;②硅酸盐细菌对煤中硫进行了吸收与代谢转化.两种机理同时存在,且作用对象包括煤中所有形态的硫.该实验结果显示硅酸盐细菌在脱硫研究中有潜在应用前景.