机械钻速与金刚石底出刃、钻进规程参数关系的试验研究

俄罗斯钻探专家提出在金刚石正常钻进条件下,破碎岩屑的数量应与孔底排出岩屑的数量相应,否则,岩屑将会充满孔底部分,形成“岩屑垫”,阻碍岩石破碎,所以设计钻头和选择钻进规程参数时,应该保证破碎岩屑体积与孔底表面、钻头胎体间的体积,即充满孔底的体积相等。在此基础上提出了机械钻速（钻头每转进尺）的计算公式。该公式给出了机械钻速与金刚石底出刃、岩屑排出程度的关系。提出了金刚石正常出刃和非正常出刃的概念,并对正常出刃金刚石钻头和非正常出刃金刚石钻头进行了实验室试验研究和野外生产试验研究,取得了肯定的结果。     

人造金刚石钻探技术(2) 钻头和扩孔器

一、钻头的组成人造金刚石钻头(图1),是由人造金刚石、胎体和钻头体(钢体)三部分组成.金刚石分布于钻头冠部之底面和内外侧面,而相应形成底出刃和内、外出刃,钻进时破碎井底岩石.     

基于破碎单位体积岩石能耗量设计坚硬研磨性岩石用钻头方法的研究

深孔钻进时常常遇到坚硬岩石和研磨性岩石,在这种岩石中钻进时钻探技术指标不甚理想。建议以破碎单位体积岩石能耗低的标准来设计和研制孕镶金刚石钻头。按此标准设计的胎体扇形块上带有凸出和低洼切削齿的梳状金刚石钻头,在实验台上进行的试验,试验结果表明,与常规平底胎体金刚石钻头比较,破碎单位体积岩石能耗量降低了,机械钻速提高了,胎体单位进尺磨损量降低了。建议对这种新型钻头给以充分注意并进行进一步研究。     

WH-1型电镀金刚石钻头的研制及其在坚硬、致密和弱研磨性地层中的应用

本文阐述了电镀金刚石孕镶钻头的研制方法和原理。此种钻头适用于坚硬、致密、弱研磨性(即所谓打滑)地层的钻进。攻克“打滑地层”的途径是:(1)降低钻头胎体耐磨性,促使金刚石出刃;(2)改变钻头底唇形状,提高金刚石破碎岩石的比压,增多孔底破碎岩石的自由面,使之易于破碎岩石。从4个钻探队、39个钻头的生产试验结果来看,上述研制工作既合理又有成效。     

金刚石钻头打滑怎么办?

孕镶金刚石钻头在研磨性弱、可钻性强的岩层中钻进,常会碰到打滑不进尺的情况.我队有一批φ56天然金刚石孕镶钻头,胎体硬度为HRC40,钻进11级的破碎黑色石英岩时,效率很低,甚至不进尺. 为了使钻头出刃,最初我们用手工在砂     

仿生孕镶金刚石钻头高效碎岩机理

将仿生学的非光滑原理应用到孕镶金刚石钻头的设计中,研制出新型的仿生孕镶金刚石钻头,比普通金刚石钻头钻进时效提高了30%~80%。仿生钻头破碎岩石后岩粉的颗粒比普通钻头破碎的岩粉颗粒大,可节省能量消耗,提高破碎效率;仿生非光滑表面使得钻头唇面的比压增加,有利于钻头的锐化,从而提高了时效;另外非光滑表面改善了钻头和岩石的冷却条件,因此提高了金刚石钻头的钻进效率。     

防止金刚石钻头打滑

在坑内钻进硬岩层时,人造金刚石钻头常打滑,此时金刚石不出刃,钻头和岩石互不磨损,钻头唇面光滑,金刚石有镜面反光现象.钻头打滑的原因是岩石致密坚硬,研磨性小,胎体不能在钻进过程中自磨而使金刚石出刃,因而钻头不能刻划岩石,岩石也不磨损钻头.     

西藏安多县多才玛矿区强研磨性地层孕镶金刚石钻头使用效果分析

多才玛矿区位于三江源国家自然保护区内,任务量重、施工要求高、难度大,采用现场调研法和室内试验分析法分析孕镶金刚石钻头使用效果。通过研究分析得到:多才玛矿区岩石的研磨性为5～6级,可钻性为7～8级,地层破碎程度为Ⅲ～Ⅳ级。"NQ"系列孕镶金刚石钻头在多才玛矿区施工时的最优钻压在8～11MPa之间,最优转速在1. 41～2. 35m/s之间。通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察分析两种典型的非正常钻进过程发现,在高转速、低钻压的条件下是新鲜的金刚石面无法出刃导致机械钻速低,在高转速、高钻压的条件下发生烧钻,胎体直接与岩体接触导致机械钻速低。孕镶金刚石钻头的金刚石平均出刃高度一定程度上可以反映钻头的寿命和机械钻速的大小。     

第三讲 金刚石钻进工艺

一、岩石破碎机理及钻头的选择(一)金刚石钻头破碎岩石机理研究金刚石钻进的理论,即有关金刚石破碎孔底岩石的机理,对于钻头的设计制造,钻进工艺等方面的改进,都有直接的关系。虽然对金刚石钻头破碎岩石的机理作了一些研究,但还没有统一的解释。一般认为:表镶金刚石钻头破碎岩石以磨削和研磨作用为主,工作原理与砂轮近似,兼有压碎、     

人造金刚石钻探技术:(7)钻机和水泵

人造金刚石钻探用的钻机和一般岩心钻机的结构原理基本上是一样的,都是由三大系统所组成:即传给钻具回转力矩的回转系统,调节轴心压力的给进系统和升降钻具的升降系统.但是,由于人造金刚石钻头在钻进工艺上与钢粒或硬质合金钻进有很大的不同,所以,对钻机的性能也有不同的要求.1.人造金刚石钻进工艺对钻机的要求首先是高转速.实战证明,用人造金刚石钻头钻进时,转速愈高,效率愈高.这是因为目前使用的人造金刚石颗粒细小,在钻头上的出刃很有限,钻进时吃入岩石的深度就更小了,所以只有高转速才能充分发挥其破碎岩石的效能.在现有技术条件下,正常钻进转速可达1000～1500转/分左右.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of     

OCEANOGRAPHY & MARINE GEOLOGY

正20140582 Fang Xisheng(Key Lab.of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology,First Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,Qingdao 266061,China);Shi Xuefa Mineralogy of Surface Sediment in the Eastern Area off the Ryukyu Islands and Its Geological Significance(Marine Geology Quaternary Geology,ISSN0256-1492,CN37     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141810 Bian Yumei(Geological Environmental Monitoring Center of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110032,China);Zhang Jing Zoning Haicheng,Liaoning Province,by GeoHazard Risk and Geo-Hazard Assessment(Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,ISSN1006-4362,CN51-1467/P,24(3),2013,p.5-9,2 illus.,tables,refs.)