SH波作用下各向异性弹性半空间中浅埋圆孔附近的动应力集中研究

研究了稳态水平剪切（SH）波作用下含有圆柱形孔洞的各向异性弹性半空间的动力响应问题,探讨介质的各向异性对孔附近动应力的影响规律。运用复变函数和多极坐标方法在变换空间中构造出各向异性弹性半空间中圆孔的散射波函数,所构造的散射波函数能够自动满足半空间水平表面上应力自由的边界条件和无穷远处的Sommerfeld辐射条件。根据圆孔表面应力自由的边界条件,采用最小二乘法求解所构造的散射波函数的系数。分析了SH波以不同角度自弹性半空间内入射时,不同介质特性、入射波数和埋深对圆孔附近动应力集中系数的影响。数值结果表明,各向异性弹性半空间中孔附近的动应力比各向同性情况有明显增高。     

圆弧形沉积谷地对平面P波的三维散射解析解

采用大圆弧面来模拟半空间表面,利用波函数展开法在频域内给出了圆弧形沉积谷地形对平面P波三维散射的一个解析解,并以此解答为基础,进一步分析了入射波频率和入射角度对圆弧形沉积谷地场地反应的影响。数值结果表明,入射波的频率和入射角度对圆弧形沉积谷地场地反应有重要影响。     

饱和土中刚性排桩对平面SV波的隔离分析

在Biot波动理论的基础上,用单排刚性排桩作为屏障,对全空间饱和土中入射平面SV波进行了隔离分析。采用波函数展开法,将散射波的势函数展开成Fourier-Bessel级数的形式,利用一组可以求解多散射问题的圆柱坐标系统和桩土界面处位移连续的条件,以及刚性桩的动力平衡条件,得到问题的理论解。对影响排桩隔离效果的桩间距和饱和土的渗透系数等参数进行了分析,结果表明,桩间距对饱和土中排桩的隔离效果有较明显影响;与弹性土体中排桩的隔离效果相比,饱和土中排桩的隔离效果有所不同,随着饱和土渗透系数的减小,排桩的隔离效果越好。     

半球形沉积谷场地对入射平面Rayleigh波的三维散射解析解

把半球形沉积谷和周围半空间场地分别用具有不同弹性模量和不同半径的球坐标描述。利用Fourier-Bessel级数展开法,在频域内给出了半空间中半球形沉积谷场地在平面Rayleigh波入射下三维散射问题的解析解。利用这一解析解计算分析了入射波频率、场地软硬对场地内地表位移幅值的影响。     

弹性半空间夹杂群对平面SH波散射的快速多极多域边界元法模拟

结合快速多极子展开技术,发展一种高精度快速多域间接边界元方法,用于求解弹性半空间大规模夹杂群对平面SH波的二维散射。数值检验表明,该方法能够高效精确地求解大规模多域散射问题,同时可大幅度降低计算存储量,据此在普通电脑上可实现数百万自由度二维多域出平面散射问题快速求解,进而分别针对半空间中均匀分布和随机分布的夹杂群,探讨了夹杂群刚度、形状对其周围平面SH波散射的影响规律。研究结果表明:由于弹性波的多次散射相干,使得夹杂群对平面SH波的散射与单夹杂体存在显著差异,总波场空间分布特征和位移频谱特征更为复杂;平面SH波散射特性主要取决于夹杂体的材料软硬程度、几何形状特征和入射波的角度、频率。另外,研究方法和分析结论可为半空间复杂不均质体对SH波散射正、反演分析提供新的技术手段和理论依据。     

直角域中凸起和孔洞对SH波的散射与地震动

按照波函数展开法和镜像方法,对直角域中半圆形凸起和圆形孔洞对SH波的散射进行了分析,得到其稳态解。对含孔洞和凸起的直角域做分区,等效为一个含孔洞与凹陷的直角域和一个圆域的契合,其在分界面上满足位移和应力的连续性条件,即契合条件,分别构造两个区域内的位移波函数,按照孔洞边界柱面上的应力自由和契合条件定解波函数展开式的系数。按Fourier级数展开法,得到定解条件的线性代数方程组,截断求解,进而得到问题的解析解。数值算例给出圆形孔洞边沿动应力和地表位移幅值的分布情况,得到直角域自由边界、凸起、孔洞对散射和地震动的影响。     

任意排列的空心管桩屏障对SH波的多重散射

提出1种可计算任意排列、任意圆截面尺寸的多排空心管桩对平面SH波多重散射的理论求解方法。考虑第1重散射即为通常所谓的单重散射,对特定管桩第2重散射的入射波为在各管桩所受的第1重散射波之和,亦即第1重散射所激发的次生波源,以此类推至第m重散射。假设每重散射在桩-土边界以及管桩内部均满足弹性边界条件,将入射波、散射波及透射波采用波函数展开,并运用Graf加法定理移轴获得待定的各重散（透）射复系数,得到总散射及管桩内部透射波场的理论解。算例中讨论了散射重数、桩径与桩（排）间距之比、桩-土剪切模量之比、管桩内外径之比以及多排管桩的几何参数等对屏障隔离效果的影响,结果表明,管桩可取得比实心桩更好的屏蔽效果,同时对管桩非连续屏障的工程设计提供了有价值的理论参考依据。     

饱和土中周期排列管桩对平面SV波隔振的解析求解

基于Biot流体饱和多孔介质理论,采用波函数展开法并结合Graf加法定理,解析求解了饱和土中周期排列管桩对平面SV波的隔振问题。该方法利用饱和土中不同周期单元的散射波场在频域内仅相位不同的特性,将饱和土中无限周期排列管桩对SV波的散射问题转换为仅针对一个周期单元的求解,因而在精确求解的同时显著降低了计算量,并在一定程度上弥补了现有方法在管桩数较多时难以求解的局限。在验证方法正确性的基础上,重点讨论了桩体个数、饱和土参数、管壁厚度、桩排数和排列方式等因素对隔振能力的影响。研究结果表明:周期排列管桩在饱和土中的隔振能力整体上优于弹性土,且在渗透性越差的饱和土中隔振能力越强;管桩的管壁厚度不宜过薄,内外径之比取为0.6左右,周期排列管桩在大多数频率下隔振能力稳定;增加桩排数能够显著提高隔振能力,在无量纲频率为0～0.6的较低频段,隔振能力提高幅度为20%左右,在无量纲频率为0.6～3.0的中高频段,隔振能力提高幅度可达60%,采用三排管桩屏障可屏蔽饱和土中大多数频率下的入射SV波;管桩矩形排列的隔振效果在无量纲频率为0～1.0的较低频段优于梅花形排列,其他频段两种排列方式均具有良好的屏蔽SV波效果。     

半空间饱和土中圆形衬砌对弹性压缩波的散射

借助于Biot 波动理论和弹性波的传播理论,采用复变函数和多级坐标法,对半空间饱和土中圆形衬砌结构对弹性稳态压缩波的散射问题进行求解和分析。利用一个半径很大的圆弧来逼近半空间直边界,将待解问题转化为稳态弹性压缩波在一个大圆孔和一个弹性衬砌结构的散射问题。通过引入势函数,将饱和土的Biot波动方程和衬砌的弹性波动方程解耦成Helmholtz 方程,借助复变函数级数展开便可以预先写出该组Helmholtz方程的通解。然后,通过引用复变量,把饱和土和衬砌结构中的应力、位移及孔压用设定的势函数表示出来,再利用半空间饱和土和衬砌结构的连续性条件和近似直边界的圆弧边界和衬砌内边界的边界条件求解出该组势函数的特解。最后,利用势函数的特解,得到饱和土中的位移,应力和孔压及衬砌结构的位移和应力;变换不同的参数求解衬砌结构内外边界的动应力和孔压的集中系数,通过对算例结果的分析得出一系列有益的结论。     

地下圆形衬砌隧道对沿线地震动的影响(I):级数解

利用波函数展开法,给出了地下圆形衬砌隧道对入射平面P波和SV波散射问题的一个级数解答,当衬砌与半空间介质相同时,该解答退化为文献中的无衬砌隧道的解答。级数解答为进一步定量研究隧道对入射平面P波和SV波的放大作用以及入射波长、入射角度、隧道直径和衬砌刚度等参数对隧道沿线地震动的影响奠定了理论基础。     

地下洞室群对地面运动影响问题的级数解答:SH波入射

采用波函数展开法给出平面SH波入射下半空间中洞室群对地面运动影响问题的一个级数解答，并分析了入射波频率和入射角以及两洞室之间距离等参数对地面运动的影响。数值结果表明，地下洞室群对沿线地面运动具有显著的放大作用：两个洞室情况地面运动可以达到单个洞室情况的1．6倍、无洞室情况的3．5倍以上。建议地铁等地下工程在设计和规划时应考虑工程建设后对沿线设计地震动的影响。     

Analysis of Wave Propagation Through a Filled Rock Joint

An analytical and experimental study on a longitudinal wave (P-wave) transmission normally across a filled rock joint is presented in this paper. The dynamic property of the filling material for the artificial rock joints is derived from a series of modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests. The incident and transmitted waves in granitic pressure bars are calculated by wave separations of the strain gauge readings. The incident wave is approximated by a series of half-sinusoidal waves, and an analytical model on wave propagation across a filled rock joint is then deduced. The derived wave transmission coefficients across the filled joint agree very well with those from the test results. Both the analytical and test results show that the wave transmission coefficients are influenced by the mechanical properties and the input energy of the incident waves. Analytical parametric studies with respect to pre-compaction of the filling material, the frequency and amplitude of the incident wave have also been conducted.     

饱和土中弹性波在双椭圆孔洞周围的散射

利用复变函数法和多极坐标法,研究了饱和土中弹性波在双椭圆孔洞周围的散射及动应力集中的问题。首先通过引入位移势函数,将二维稳态条件下Biot波动方程解耦成势函数所满足的3个Helmholtz方程, 根据分离变量方法即可得Helmholtz方程在柱坐标下势函数的通解。利用土骨架和孔隙水的边界条件,确定波函数展开式中的未知系数,进而得到位移、应力和孔压的表达式。给出了弹性波对2个椭圆形孔洞的动应力集中系数的数值结果,并讨论了波数和孔距变化对动应力集中系数和孔压集中系数的影响。     

Analytical solutions for dynamic pressures of coupling fluid–porous medium–solid due to SV wave incidence

This paper presents the results of theoretical investigation on the dynamic coupling of an ideal fluid‐porous medium‐elastic half‐space system subjected to SV waves to study the effect of sediment on the seismic response of dams for reservoirs that are deposited with a significant amount of sediment after a long period of operation. The effects of the porous medium and the incident wave angle on dynamic pressures in the overlying ideal fluid are analyzed, and the reflection and transmission coefficients of the wave at the material interfaces are derived using an analytical solution in terms of displacement potentials. The numerical test of modeling shows that the dynamic pressures significantly depend on the properties of porous medium. The fully saturated porous medium reduces the response peaks slightly, while the partially saturated porous medium causes a considerable increase in the resonance peaks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

P波作用下饱和土中输流管道动力响应

根据Biot波动理论,采用复变函数与多级坐标法,求解了P波作用下饱和土体中地下输流管道的波动散射方程,分析了管道中流体介质性质、入射波角度及管道埋深等对地下输流管道周边动应力集中系数及孔压集中系数分布的影响。计算结果表明：在低频弹性波入射时,管道周边动应力集中系数及孔压集中系数分布相对均匀,而随入射频率的增加,其分布变得复杂化,但其峰值有所减小;中低频波入射作用下,管道内为水、石油介质时,动应力集中系数和孔压集中系数较空气介质时小,而在高频波作用时情况相反;对于管道内流体介质为水时,随着入射角度的变化,应力集中分布也沿一定角度的方向发生转动,入射波自管道下方垂直入射时,管道周边动应力集中系数峰值相对较大;随埋深的增加,动应力集中系数和孔压集中系数均呈震荡减小的趋势。     

Dynamic Response to Seismic Waves at the Shallow Slope Supported by Bolts

In the soil slope supported by bolts, longitude waves instead of transverse waves, generated by earthquakes, first reach the slope surface. With the dynamic response of the P (pressure) wave along the anchorage structure, first, a theoretical study was conducted to investigate the propagation characteristics of the interference superposition, generated by the SV (shear-vertical) and the P waves. The SV wave was formed by the wave, originating from the bottom and reflected from the free surface of the slope, whereas the latter was the incident P wave, propagating in the slope. In addition, the structural measures, restraining the seismic wave, and the characteristics of the restraint effect at the free segment of the bolt were investigated. According to the wave-way difference between the incident P wave and the reflected SV wave, the minimum critical slope angle, influenced by the interference at the shallow slope, and the maximum influencing depth of the dynamic response, acting vertically to the slope surface, were obtained. The results indicate that the maximum influencing depth linearly correlated with the slope angle. Furthermore, based on the propagation characteristics of the P wave along the bolt, and the coupled relation between the wave length and the anchorage design parameters, the axial acceleration of the wave propagating along the bolt axis was obtained. Then, the theoretical length of the anti-seismic bolt, subjected to seismic waves, and the compensation force of the anchorage structure were obtained. Finally, a numerical study, based on FlAC3D, properly verified the theoretical conclusions.     

The method of fundamental solution for 3‐D wave scattering in a fluid‐saturated poroelastic infinite domain

By using a complete set of poroelastodynamic spherical wave potentials (SWPs) representing a fast compressional wave P_I, a slow compressional wave P_II, and a shear wave S with 3 vectorial potentials (not all are independent), a solution scheme based on the method of fundamental solution (MFS) is devised to solve 3‐D wave scattering and dynamic stress concentration problems due to inhomogeneous inclusions and cavities embedded in an infinite poroelastic domain. The method is verified by comparing the result with the elastic analytical solution, which is a degenerated case, as well as with poroelastic solution obtained using other numerical methods. The accuracy and stability of the SWP‐MFS are also demonstrated. The displacement, hoop stress, and fluid pore pressure around spherical cavity and poroelastic inclusion with permeable and impermeable boundary are investigated for incident plane P_I and SV waves. The scattering characteristics are examined for a range of material properties, such as porosity and shear modulus contrast, over a range of frequency. Compared with other boundary‐based numerical strategy, such as the boundary element method and the indirect boundary integral equation method, the current SWP‐MFS is a meshless method that does not need elements to approximate the geometry and is free from the treatment of singularities. The SWP‐MFS is a highly accurate and efficient solution methodology for wave scattering problems of arbitrary geometry, particularly when a part of the domain extends to infinity.     

近岸斜向波浪不对称特征参数化

近岸波浪的不对称特征对浅水区泥沙输运以及海岸结构物受波浪冲刷影响而引起的破坏都起着关键作用,而目前关于波浪不对称特征的研究多集中在正向传播方式上,没有考虑斜向传播的影响,因此,对斜向波浪在近岸传播过程中的波形不对称特征展开研究具有重要的意义。基于高阶Boussinesq水波方程建立了斜向入射波浪沿斜坡传播的数值模型,并利用该模型进行数值试验,模拟了入射波浪沿0°~75°不同方向的传播过程。通过对不同角度入射得到的结果进行比较,讨论了入射角度对波浪不对称特征的影响。结果表明:入射角度越大的波浪,其在变浅过程中的二阶谱以及波浪的偏度和不对称度参数也越小。说明随着波浪入射角度增大,其非线性相互作用程度会发生减弱,导致波浪的非线性特征增长趋势逐渐变缓。最后,给出了考虑斜向角度影响的波浪不对称特征参数经验公式。