辽西地区土城子组-义县组地层划分对比及时代讨论

本文介绍了辽西中生代土城组、张家口组、义县组地层特征、化石组合。通过岩石地层、生物地层、同位素年代学研究,并在宁城道虎沟地区的张家口组沉积层中采到的化石组合和同位素年龄多数反映时代为晚侏罗纪;义县组生物化石组合和同位素年龄反映时代为早白垩纪。故将侏罗纪与白垩纪界线置于张家口组与义县组之间,同国际年表年代界限（145.5 Ma）相一致。     

西藏措勤-申扎地层分区新建中--上侏罗统仁多组

在西藏措勤西部昂拉仁错南部新发现一套侏罗纪地层，其岩性和古生物组合特征均不同于邻区侏罗系。通过详细的层型剖面测制和对比研究，将其新建为组级岩石地层单位——仁多组。指定并详细描述了正层型剖面，讨论了仁多组的岩石组合特征、地层接触关系、基本层序和沉积环境。根据仁多组的生物化石组合及其地层分布建立了2个生物组合带，并确定仁多组下段与中-上段分属为中、上侏罗统。仁多组的建立为认识区域地层系统及地质演化提供了新资料。     

义县组时代及解体

辽西中生界义县组时代归属问题,争论已久,归纳起来主要有三种划分方案：第一,隶属于侏罗纪;第二,隶属于白垩纪;第三,归属于为侏罗－白垩纪,属跨纪地层。结合多年来各科研院所及生产单位采集的众多同位素年龄资料的分析及野外所见接触关系研究认为：原义县组中下部层位岩性组合,根据其特征,需另建立组级岩石单位,应归属到上侏罗统,广义义县组上部层位一套岩性组合,需重新定义,时代应归属到下白垩统。     

四川蒲江-雅安地区自流井组地层特征及沉积相

在雅安沙坪自流井组实测地层剖面的基础上,讨论了四川蒲江-雅安地区自流井组的岩石地层、接触关系及岩性岩相的横向变化规律。认为自流井组主要为一套湖泊-湖泊三角洲沉积,组成一个完整的长期基准面旋回层序,在自流井组中建立了一个双壳类即Pseudocardiniaovalis-Pseudocardinia cf.submagna组合,根据化石组合及地层关系将自流井组的年代地层归属于下侏罗统。     

西藏谢通门春哲地区发现中二叠世地层

通过西藏春哲地区1∶5万区域地质调查,在西藏谢通门北部春哲地区新发现一套整合于下拉组(P_(1x))的钙质碎屑岩岩石组合,并首次获得中二叠世Yatsengia珊瑚化石,地层剖面位于谢通门县春哲乡北部白察不拉一带;通过剖面岩石组合、接触关系、古生物化石资料及区域对比,认为该套岩石组合应单独建组,为进一步完善冈底斯中段古生代地层系统及盆地演化的研究提供了新的资料。     

西北地区四分框架下的寒武纪岩石地层划分与对比

以奥斯陆国际地质大会修订的全球寒武系年代地层四分方案为依据,通过对古生物化石、同位素年龄及与顶底和内部地层单位的接触关系等综合分析,对西北地区16个地层区(地区)的寒武纪岩石地层单位进行了重新厘定。通过对比研究,初步建立了西北地区寒武纪岩石地层划分方案(即4统10阶的年代地层框架),为今后西北地区寒武纪地层研究工作提供了科学依据。     

新疆西昆仑神仙湾地区多重地层划分与对比

2012~2014年,笔者参加了新疆西昆仑神仙湾地区1∶5万区调,以岩石地层单位为基本填图单位,测制了系统地层剖面,收集了区内地层的岩性岩相、岩石组合、变形变质、接触关系及空间变化等资料,采获了大量古生物化石,通过综合研究,结合1:25万区调资料,对岩层地层、生物地层和年代地层为主的多重地层进行了划分,重新厘定了研究区综合地层序列,共建立组级岩石地层单位18个、段级岩石地层单位8个,其中新建组9个;首次在该区划分出22个生物地层单位,年代地层划分到系和统,在此基础上进行了多重地层对比研究,极大地提高了该区域的地质研究程度。     

西藏北喜马拉雅地区三叠纪岩石地层单位的划分及生物地层

交有对本区三叠纪地层作了大量地层古生物研究工作先后创名２群２３组共２５个地层单位。作者综合研究该区三叠纪岩石、岩相、古生物化石等资料后发现：１．岩石地层属稳定的大陆架沉积，可划分为岩性稳定连续、界线清楚的三套穿时地层体即三个岩石地层单位：下部土隆群，中部曲龙共巴组和上部德日荣组。２．生物群属典型特提斯动物群，化石丰富，属种繁多，尤以菊石，双壳，腕足类及牙形刺最丰富。     

新疆西昆仑神仙湾地区多重地层划分与对比

2012²014年,笔者参加了新疆西昆仑神仙湾地区1∶5万区调,以岩石地层单位为基本填图单位,测制了系统地层剖面,收集了区内地层的岩性岩相、岩石组合、变形变质、接触关系及空间变化等资料,采获了大量古生物化石,通过综合研究,结合1:25万区调资料,对岩层地层、生物地层和年代地层为主的多重地层进行了划分,重新厘定了研究区综合地层序列,共建立组级岩石地层单位18个、段级岩石地层单位8个,其中新建组9个;首次在该区划分出22个生物地层单位,年代地层划分到系和统,在此基础上进行了多重地层对比研究,极大地提高了该区域的地质研究程度。     

大庆探区外围盆地中、新生代地层对比及四大勘探层系

大庆外围盆地的区域对比与组合规律研究,对于揭示东北中、新生代盆地演化规律和拓展油气开发思路具有重要意义.利用岩性特征、古生物化石组合、同位素等资料,对大庆探区外围盆地中、新生代地层进行了对比,总结了地层发育的宏观规律,提出了中-上侏罗统、下白垩统、上白垩统和古近系四大勘探层系,为大庆探区外围盆地进一步的沉积、构造演化及石油地质研究提供了可靠的依据.     

Jurassic-Cretaceous Boundary Strata of the Somanakamura Group in NE Japan and their Correlation with Coeval Terrestrial Deposits in China

Defining the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary is a controversy in stratigraphic study of the world. It has been widely accepted that this boundary can be defined at the bottom of Berriasian in Tethys, with the appearance of the ammonite Berriasella jacobi dating to ca. 145 Ma. However, it is difficult for the widespread terrestrial deposits in China to correlate with the international standard of marine facies. The Somanakamura Group in Japan is represented by a succession of marine-continental transitional strata. It provides a bridge of marine and nonmarine stratigraphic correlation. The ammonite and radiolarian fossils preserved in this group suggest an age from Bajocian to early Valanginian. The J-K boundary was defined in or atop the Tomizawa Formation of the group according to the ammonite data. The present authors study the fossil spores and pollen newly found from the Tomizawa and Koyamada formations. Three assemblages have been recognized. They are Assemblage 1 (Cyathidites-Classopollis) from the upper part of the Tomizawa Formation, Assemblage 2 (Cyathidites-Jiaohepollis) from the lower part of the Koyamada Formation, and Assemblage 3 (Cyathidites-Spheripollenites-Ephedripites) from the middle to upper part of the Koyamada Formation. With the reference of ammonite evidence, the J-K boundary can be defined between Assemblage 1 and Assemblage 2. This palynological J-K boundary can be correlated with that of terrestrial sequence in China. However, local biostratigraphy imply that the continental J-K boundary in China is of 135 or 137 Ma age. It has a considerable discrepancy from the marine standard. Biogeographically, the distribution pattern of spores and pollen in southern China is in accordance with that in the Somanakamura Group, which parallels the Tuchengzi Formation in northeastern China. By the palynological correlation between the Somanakamura Group and the strata in southern China, and then with the sequence in northeastern China, it is suggested that the continental J-K boundary is located in the Tuchengzi Formation.     

贵州乐康P/T界线无机碳同位素特征及其意义

贵州乐康深水海槽相中的无机碳同位素研究表明,晚二叠世由于局限环境,区域内生物贫乏,相对应的碳同位素值比同期其他剖面中碳同位素值偏低。而在长兴阶晚期,由于受区域内火山作用的影响,在剖面界线之下发育另一个碳同位素负异常,之后碳同位素有所回升,直至界线附近降低为最低值。早三叠世由于绝灭之后的生物复苏缓慢,无机碳同位素表现为低正值。碳同位素特征显示,碳同位素的变化受到了生物和环境等多种因素的综合控制。     

瓜德鲁普统(Guadalupian)-乐平统(Lopingian)全球界线层型剖面和点(GSSP)

乐平统底界全球界线层型(GSSP)已经被确定在中国广西来宾县的蓬莱滩剖面,这一界线以牙形类化石Clarkina postbitteri postbitteri Mei&Wardlaw的首次出现为标志,位于蓬莱滩剖面的茅口组顶部来宾灰岩的6k层之底,层型剖面点位于C.postbitter hongshuiensis至C.dukouensis的演化谱系内,大致与阿布萨罗卡巨层序(Absaroka Megasequenses)的中部与上部之间的界线相当。层型剖面点位所在的来宾灰岩代表了一套界于茅口组和合山组之间的低水位沉积,在这一界线附近,类、腕足类、珊瑚类和菊石类等动物群均发生了重大更替;同时,δ13C值和87Sr/86Sr同位素比值也有一个明显的降低。从瓜德鲁普世晚期的磁性正常极性带向吴家坪早期反向极性带的转变也发生在这一界线附近,因此,这一界线可以很好地用于进行全球海陆相地层的对比。     

辽河盆地东部凹陷原油的碳同位素组成特征

通过对辽河盆地东部凹陷原油的饱和烃、芳烃的碳同位素组成特征、原油同位素类型和单体烃同位素特征进行研究 ,发现整个东部凹陷原油及其组分的碳同位素值偏重 ,指示其源岩有机质中藻类和低等水生生物的贡献较少 ;饱和烃—芳烃的碳同位素值关系揭示东部凹陷大部分原油样品与沙河街组沙三段烃源岩的特征相近 ,而南部和北部地区少数样品表现出负的碳同位素异常 ,与该区中生界源岩样品的接近 ,推测原油中可能混入了中生界来源的油气。南部地区各样品的碳同位素类型曲线和单体烃的碳同位素曲线均相似 ,揭示了两者具相同的油气来源。北部地区各原油样品的单体烃的碳同位素类型曲线间具有相似的分布特征 ,但茨榆坨地区的原油样品的碳同位素值比牛居地区的系统偏轻 ,可能是成熟度相对较低引起的 ,表明茨榆坨地区原油具有早期成藏的特征。原油的碳同位素组成特征是研究油气来源和成藏特征分析的一种重要手段。     

扬子陆块东南缘南华纪地层对比

扬子陆块东南缘的南华纪地层剖面众多 ,依据我国南华系与国际上“成冰系”相对应的原则 ,选择了其中 5条具代表性的剖面进行对比研究后认为 :扬子东南陆缘的冰川事件序列为长安冰期、富禄 (莲沱 )间冰期、古城冰期、大塘坡间冰期、南沱冰期 ;鄂西一带缺失长安冰期沉积 ;长安组的底界可定为南华系的底界 ,南沱组 (或洪江组 )的顶界可定为南华系的顶界 ;上下统的分界在莲沱组 (或富禄组 )与古城组之间 ;以冰川事件为主线 ,结合同位素年龄值 ,探讨了组与组跨相区对比中存在的问题以及南华系的年限。     

KINEMATICS AND DEFORMATION OF THE RED SEA-GULF OF ADEN-ETHIOPIAN RIFT TRIPLE JUNCTION SINCE THE OLIGOCENE

Results of research on the geological, petrochemical, and isotopic-geochronological charac- teristics of plagiogranites from the Chelyuskin ophiolitic belt, on the northern part of East Siberia's Taymyr Peninsula, are presented. Petro-geochemical features and REE distributions for this tonalite-trondhjemite series resemble those of plagiogranites from different ophiolitic complexes. The plagiogranites considered here belong to the low-potassium series of ophiolitic mafics—gabbro, gabbro-dolerite dikes, and basalts. Their spatial relationships; low K₂O, Rb, Nb, Ta, U., and Th contents; similar REE patterns; and tonalite and trondhjemite Nd- and Sm-Nd- isotopic ratios typical of mafic rocks confirm the cogenetic nature of these rocks. Zircon U-Pb dating and an Sm-Nd isotopic study suggest a Late Riphean age for the plagiogranites. We regard the 740 ± 38 Ma age as the upper age boundary for the formation of the Chelyuskin ophiolitic belt, and Sm-Nd model ages (850–785 Ma) as its lower boundary. Tonalite-trond-hjemite series could be formed as a result of partial melting of previously formed oceanic crust in a back-arc environment, in association with minor portions of the sediments of the ancient arc.     

中天山造山作用的同位素年代分期

我们把近年来所获得的一些年龄数据以及前人已有的年龄数据与区域地层接触关系作了对比,发现二者有意想不到的一致性,据此将中天山造山作用划分为5期,年龄分别大约为452—439Ma,412—402Ma,355—345Ma,334—327Ma和315—289Ma。中生代还可能有3期构造热事件,年龄大约为226—200Ma,165—160Ma和83Ma,代表了中天山的后期演化。上述年龄数据主要是从中天山南缘断裂带构造岩中获得的,它与区域年龄一致,这说明沿中天山两条边界断裂的逆冲推覆可能是导致中天山造山带变形的基本方式和原因。     

二叠系长兴阶全球界线层型剖面和点位

二叠系乐平统长兴阶底界全球界线层型和点位(GSSP)确立在我国浙江长兴煤山D剖面长兴灰岩的下部、4a-2层之底,以牙形石演化序列Clarkina longicuspidata-C.wangi中C.wangi的首现为标志。该点位位于长兴组底界之上88cm处,与长兴期特征的■类化石Palaeofusulina sinensis和大巴山菊石类的首次出现层位一致。界线层的碳同位素存在明显的负漂移,正磁极性带出现在吴家坪晚期的反极性带之上。在煤山D剖面以西300m处的C剖面出露较多的龙潭组地层,清晰地反映出龙潭组—长兴组连续的沉积序列,被列为辅助层型剖面。     

广西中-上泥盆统界线附近的化学地层学特征

中国广西是世界上泥盆系发育最好的地区之一 ,沉积相齐全、出露良好 ,是进行地层学及沉积相研究的理想地区。大乐剖面与马鞍山剖面直线距离约为 7km,根据生物地层学的研究 ,两剖面中 -上泥盆统 (D2 - D3 )界线附近发生了明显的穿时现象。化学地层学的研究表明在这两条剖面上的界线附近 disparilis带内碳同位素组成发生了明显的两次负向波动 ,波动幅度分别可达 1.1‰和 0 .8‰ (马鞍山军田剖面 )和 1.5‰和 1.3‰ (大乐剖面 ) ;两条剖面上该牙形石化石带内及上下地层中元素锶 (Sr)的含量波动趋势同样可以很好地对比 ,本研究结果显示了岩石地层学界线的穿时现象并纠正了以往用岩石地层学特征划定 D2 - D3 界线的错误     

Magnetostratigraphy of the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous from Argentina: Implications for the J-K boundary in the Neuquén Basin

A systematic sedimentologic and paleomagnetic study was carried out in the Vaca Muerta Formation, cropping out in the northern Neuquén Basin, west-central Argentina. The studied section is c. 280 m-thick and represents a carbonate ramp system bearing ammonites that indicate Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous ages. The Vaca Muerta Formation is one of the most important unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs in the world and its thorough study has become a relevant target in Argentina. The J-K boundary is comprised within this unit, and although it is well-dated through biostratigraphy (mainly ammonites), the position of particularly the boundary is yet a matter of hot debate. Therefore, the systematic paleomagnetic and cyclostratigraphic study in the Vaca Muerta Formation was considered relevant in order to obtain the first Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous magnetostratigraphy of the southern hemisphere on the first place and to precise the position of the J-K boundary in the Neuquén Basin, on the other. Biostratigraphy is well studied in the area, so that paleomagnetic sampling horizons were reliably tied, particularly through ammonites. Almost 450 standard specimens have been processed for this study distributed along 56 paleomagnetic sampling horizons that were dated using ammonites. Paleomagnetic behaviours showed to be very stable, and their quality and primary origin have been proved through several paleomagnetic field tests The resultant magnetostratigraphic scale is made up of 11 reverse and 10 normal polarity zones, spanning the Andean Virgatosphinctes mendozanus (lower Tithonian) to Spiticeras damesi Zones (upper Berriasian). These polarity zones were correlated with those of the International Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale 2012 and 2016 through the correlation between Andean and Tethyan ammonite zones. Cyclostratigraphy on the other hand, proved to be quite consistent with the magnetostratigraphy. Through the correlation of the resultant paleomagnetic and cyclostratigraphic data, it was possible to date the section with unprecedented precision, and therefore, to establish the position of the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary. The paleomagnetic pole calculated from the primary magnetization is located at: Lon = 191.6°E, Lat = 76.2°S, A₉₅ = 3.5°, indicating a c. 24° clockwise rotation for the studied section, which is consistent with structural data of the region.