西北省会城市地热中深层地埋管供热系统发展潜力及环境效益分析

笔者回顾并对比分析了西北省会城市供热现状及环境空气质量，指出传统采暖方式是影响该区环境空气质量的主要因素之一，而地热清洁能源的使用将有助于改善环境空气质量。传统热水井取热方式受地质条件制约较大，近年来一种取热不取水的新型地热开发利用技术——中深层地埋管供热系统应运而生，发展迅速。但是，以往的研究多集中于地面供热系统及管井换热能力的研究，对于地热资源储量及承载力的研究较少。在分析该技术适用范围的基础上，总结西北五省省会城市的地热资源条件，采用适当的方法结合城市建设范围估算地热可采资源量，分析在城市中推广使用中深层地埋管供热系统的前景及环境效益，并提出后续研究方向。     

热惯量填图与冻土研究

详细地介绍了热惯量填图技术在多年冻土研究中的应用。研究中利用MODIS~星图像的数据,借助热惯量方法对青藏高原东北部的多年冻土进行了分析。其结果表明,由热惯量图像所圈定的冻土范围与常规野外调查方法的结果极为吻合。     

热惯量填图与冻土研究

详细地介绍了热惯量填图技术在多年冻土研究中的应用。研究中利用MODIS~星图像的数据,借助热惯量方法对青藏高原东北部的多年冻土进行了分析。其结果表明,由热惯量图像所圈定的冻土范围与常规野外调查方法的结果极为吻合。     

运用直升机遥感技术对水质和空气污染的监测

由于允许改变探测参数，具良好的分辨率，很少受气候条件以及在紧急情况下尚无可替代的设备，航空遥感因而具有诸多优势，作为欧共体执季会资助项目的一部分并经西西里地方政府批准，在西西里研究区，完成了针对水质和空气污染控制的直升机遥感技术应用研究，尤其是使用激光技术和热红外影像，获得了遥感数据，其目是对水体质量进行监测和污染进行评估，另外运用激光技术和相关波谱学，调查了空气的质量，在综合图上，此调查证明是有效和实用的，并证实了直升机作为环境遥感应用的监测平台的重要作用。     

地下空间地籍调查三维地震勘探技术应用研究

地下空间是城市发展中土地资源综合利用的重要途径,准确掌握地下空间利用现状对城市地下地籍调查和权属认定意义重大。地下空间情况复杂,地球物理探测面临诸多现实难题。通常布置二维剖面只能对地下空间进行＂拼凑式＂成像,无法整体刻画地下空间。三维地震技术以全方位获取反射信号,能准确对目标对象予以成像,但目前尚无应用于城市地下地籍调查的实践。结合专题研究,以小块体、浅层采集等方法,以实现该技术在地下空间调查中的应用。通过具体实验,初步形成了实施技术方案,并对应用效果与存在问题进行了分析。     

卫星热红外遥感在地震预测和断层活动中的应用研究进展

近年来,利用卫星技术通过测量地—气系统的红外辐射来探测地表的热状况,使热红外遥感在地震预测方面取得了显著成就。本文回顾了红外遥感资料应用于地震预测的研究成果,阐述了地震热红外短临预测方法的研究进展及应用实效,介绍了利用热红外遥感信息研究断层活动变化的探索与发展,探讨了地震热红外异常发生的机理,并就该技术的应用与理想效果之间的差距提出了未来工作的研究重点。     

小型化管激发X荧光仪的研制及初步应用

小型化管激发X荧光仪是为适应地质大调查的城是研制的新一代X荧光仪。本文简介了该仪器的技术创新、仪器的主要技术指标及在地质大调查中的初步应用效果。现场试验表明，该仪器及相应技术在地质大调查中，有很好的应用前景。     

侧扫声纳在香港海洋物探工程调查中的应用

介绍了侧扫声纳在香港特别行政区水底地形学研究、填海工程监测、考古调查、水底人工养殖区规划等领域的应用成果，并结合典型应用实例，阐述了该方法关于工程设计、数据采集、数据处理及解释等方面的相关技术。     

高频探地雷达技术在香港工程质量检测中的应用

结合几个典型的工程质量检测实例，详尽介绍了高频探地雷达技术在香港特别行政区公路路面厚度、机场跑道面层脱空、海底隧道村砌以及城市地下管网调查等工程检测方面的应用成果，进一步证明了探地雷达技术在无损工程质量检测应用方面的有效性和必要性。     

江苏泰州城市规划区浅层地热能特征及其开发利用

泰州地处江苏中部的长江冲积平原,浅层地热能资源丰富。通过对该市城市规划区第四纪岩土体地质结构、水文地质条件、地温场背景等调查研究和6个岩土体现场热响应测试,获取了该区域不同岩土体的热物性参数,查明了浅层地热能的赋存条件、分布特点及规律,评价了浅层地热能的可采资源量,并提出了可行的开发利用方案及建议。     

遥感技术在煤炭地质中的应用现状及前景

介绍了遥感技术在煤炭资源调查和评价、煤矿区地质灾害调查和评估、生态环境及污染调查评价和监测以及煤矿三维可视化仿真规划系统建设方面的应用研究现状及所取得的主要成果，并结合遥感技术的发展方向，展望了其在煤炭地质中的应用前景。     

西安地区住区热环境优化设计研究

本文以住区热环境优化为出发点,以西安典型住区热环境调研及实测为依据,描述了西安地区中高层住区热环境存在的问题,并针对西安小高层为主的住区绿化、朝向及住宅间距方面提出了热环境优化策略,在此基础上,笔者给出了一个实例。     

Application of uncertainty analysis to groundwater pollution modeling

Prediction and evaluation of pollution of the subsurface environment and planning remedial actions at existing sites may be useful for siting and designing new land-based waste treatment or disposal facilities. Most models used to make such predictions assume that the system behaves deterministically. A variety of factors, however, introduce uncertainty into the model predictions. The factors include model and pollution transport parameters and geometric uncertainty. The Monte Carlo technique is applied to evaluate the uncertainty, as illustrated by applying three analytical groundwater pollution transport models. The uncertainty analysis provides estimates of statistical reliability in model outputs of pollution concentration and arrival time. Examples are provided that demonstrate: (a) confidence limits around predicted values of concentration and arrival time can be obtained, (b) the selection of probability distributions for input parameters affects the output variables, and (c) the probability distribution of the output variables can be different from that of the input variables, even when all input parameters have the same probability distribution     

从我国洁净煤技术展望煤田地质勘探

通过分析我国能源的消费结构,认为煤炭是今后相当长一段时间内的重要能源,但目前仍然存在着燃煤技术落后、环境污染的问题。因此,必须大力开展洁净煤技术研究。这样要求煤田地质勘探必须运用新技术进行盆地分析、煤田预测,探明适合于洁净煤技术的煤炭资源,进行煤层气的资源评价,开展煤系地层中微量元素的含量及分布规律研究,为煤炭开发、能源综合利用、环境保护提供可靠信息。     

面对21世纪的成都平原多目标地球化学调查

扼要说明了成都平原深覆盖区多目标地球化学调查的目标、意义,本区地球化学测量方法技术的可行性及适应性。并详细论述了新一轮国土资源大调查中区域地球化学填图在矿产资源、农业、环境方面的研究应用前景。     

聚类分析在土地工程能力评价中的应用

随着城市化进程的加快,城市地质环境所受的压力和影响与日俱增,工程地质环境的状况直接影响着城市工程建设。本文通过实例研究,从岩土体承载力入手,确定不同高度建筑物的适宜性,利用聚类分析划分不同高度建筑物适宜区。评价结果合理,有利于指导工程建设,扬长避短,因地制宜,对城市规划和发展具有重要意义。     

Evaluation of groundwater vulnerability to pollution using DRASTIC framework and GIS

Groundwater management has a prominent role in the world especially in arid and semi-arid areas which have a shortage of water, and due to this serious problem, many researchers work on that for prevention and managing the water recourses to conserve and monitor sources. DRASTIC index can be put forward for estimating of groundwater vulnerability to such pollution. The main purpose of using the groundwater vulnerability model is to map groundwater susceptibility to pollution in different areas. However, this method has been used in various areas without modification, disregarding the effects of pollution type and characteristics. Thus, this technique must be standardized and approved for Kerman plain. Vulnerability evaluation to explain areas that are more vulnerable to contamination from anthropogenic sources has become a prominent element for land use planning and tangible resource management. This contribution aims at evaluating groundwater vulnerability by applying the DRASTIC index as well as employ sensitivity analyses to evaluate the comparative prominent of the model parameters for groundwater vulnerability in Kerman plain in the southeastern part of Iran. Moreover, the potential of vulnerability to pollution is more accurately assessed by optimizing the weights of the DRASTIC parameters with the single-parameter sensitivity analysis (SPSA). The new weights were calculated. The result of the study revealed that the DRASTIC-Sensitivity analysis exhibit more efficiently than the traditional method for a nonpoint source pollution. Observation of ultimate nitrate showed the result of DRASTIC-SPSA has more accuracy. The GIS method offers an efficient environment for carrying out assessments and greater capabilities for dealing with a huge quantity of spatial data.     

环境地球物理学及其现状与进展

简述了环境地球物理学的发展过程及其研究内容和方法。归纳总结出目前环境地球物理学研究的5大趋势:①勘探技术的进步和数据处理方法的不断提高;②非水相流体的研究是环境地球物理学研究的重要领域;③地质灾害预报和环境污染监测、治理仍是环境地球物理学研究的主要内容;④特殊环境下的地球物理技术有待发展;⑤生态环境研究是环境地球物理学今后研究的新热点。在分析我国环境地球物理学研究现状的基础上,提出了发展我国环境地球物理学的若干对策与建议。     

Mineral and thermal waters of Western Bohemia

Mineral and thermal waters are a special kind of ground-water, distinguished by specific chemical or physical properties such as higher mineralization, concentration of certain constituents, dissolved gas, radioactivity, or temperature. Hydrologically, they are a part of ground-water system. Mineral or thermal waters are usually connegted with specific and unique geological and tetuunic structure.. The classical territory of mineral and thermal waters is Europe, where these waters have been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times. The development of spas and increased demands for mineral water for spa operation necessitated increased knowledge of spring structures and the development of optimal balneotechnical works. These problems are discussed on the examples of the Karlovy Vary Spa (Karlsbad) and Jàchymov Spa (St. Jachimstha) in W Bohemia. The location of mineral springs in the Karlovy Vary Spa, the largest spa in Czechoslovakia, in a highly urbanized area required a thorough investigation and unique methods for capturing thermal water at a greater depth to provide a steady supply of thermal water and to protect the springs against pollution from the surface. The Jachymov radioactive thermal springs, which were accidentally discovered in a deep, subsurface uranium mine, present a unique problem of protecting the stability of spring's regime in a mining environment.     

The use of neutrons and monochromatic X-rays for non-destructive testing in geological materials

In the paper we present our results for element sensitive high-energy X-ray tomography and high-speed thermal neutron tomography applied to geological samples. The tuneable monochromatic X-ray beam was used for element sensitive tomography of geological samples containing heavy elements using the K-edge dichromatic scanning technique. This type of NDT (non-destructive testing) allowed us to reveal the quantity and location of uranium, lead and mercury in Oklo samples (natural nuclear reactor) and Cinnabar stones. Fast 3-D thermal neutron imaging of dynamical processes was successfully tested at the high flux neutron tomography station of the ILL. The qualitative investigation of water repellents and consolidants applied on sandstones of Bray and limestones of Maastricht were the first samples to be studied with the new imaging technique.