莱州市土山-东宋铁矿地质特征

通过近几年的地质找矿工作,莱州市土山—东宋地区发现了中型变质沉积铁矿床。矿床产于古元古代粉子山群小宋组二段底部的含铁岩系。矿石工业类型为需选弱磁性铁矿石,主要成因类型为磁铁黑云片岩型、磁铁变粒岩型。矿床范围内共划分了5个矿段40个矿体。该文以此为基础,对矿区地质特征进行分析研究,以期促进山东省铁矿地质勘查工作的开展。     

东昆仑拉陵高里地区铁铜多金属矿成矿特征 与找矿潜力分析

昆仑成矿带是青海省近年来找矿成果最为显著的地区之一。随着地质调查工作的不断深入,勘查及科研成果资料的日益丰富,研究大型-超大型矿床成矿条件、控矿因素和分布规律,完善成矿理论和矿床模型,对推动东昆仑矿产勘查至关重要。拉陵高里地区相继发现了红山铁矿点、小孤山铁矿点、拉陵高里河东铁矿点及拉陵高里河下游铁铜矿点等,是东昆仑地区重要的铁矿资源储备基地,本文对区内典型矿床拉陵高里河下游铁铜矿床的成矿地质背景、矿体特征、矿石成分、围岩蚀变等进行综合研究,系统总结矿床的地质特征、控矿因素、成矿规律及找矿标志,对区内找矿具有指导意义。     

江西黄连坑锰矿成矿特征及成因探讨

江西省武宁县境内分布了众多的小型铁、锰矿床(点),前人称之为“武宁式”铁矿。通过对黄连坑锰矿区地层的含矿性、控矿构造及容矿构造、矿体特征、矿石类型等地质特征的论述,认为震旦系地层是“初始矿源层”,滑脱构造对成矿物质起迁移、富集及容矿作用。并与萍—乐断陷盆地内的沉积加热液叠改型乐华锰矿床进行了对比分析,二者在矿体规模、矿石类型、锰品位等方面存在显著差别,应属不同成因类型的矿床。初步认为黄连坑锰矿床属构造控矿、风化淋滤成因。     

安徽西部霍邱周油坊铁矿床地球化学特征及成因

周油坊铁矿床位于华北地台南缘皖西霍邱铁矿田中部,含矿地层位于新太古界变质岩系上部,矿石中的铁矿物主要为镜铁矿和磁铁矿。通过研究该矿床矿石和围岩的地球化学特征,探讨矿床的成矿物质来源、成矿古地理环境及富铁矿的成因。结果表明,周油坊矿床的主要成矿物质来源于混合了海底火山热液的高温海水,形成于大洋岛弧与大陆之间有陆源物质输入的弧后陆前还原海洋环境,初步认为该矿床为原始沉积变质型富铁矿。     

吉林和龙太古代铁矿床地质特征、矿化类型及形成环境

和龙太古代铁成矿带是延边重要的铁成矿带,以官地铁矿为主体,近年来铁矿勘查工作取得重大进展,相继勘查新增资源储量或新发现了鸡南、东南村、泉水洞、土山子、大开河等多个铁矿床,使该地区成为延边地区重要的小型—中型铁矿开发基地。这些铁矿床均赋存于太古界鞍山群深变质的基性火山岩-沉积岩建造中。矿体有明显的层位,与围岩呈整合接触,矿床成因类型属铁硅质建造沉积变质铁矿床。     

内蒙古赤峰市阿根他拉钠长斑岩型铁矿矿床地质特征与成因探讨

内蒙古赤峰市阿根他拉铁矿是一个可以小规模开采的铁矿与钠长石矿。铁矿所赋存的岩体为原生钠长斑岩,其可能由深部的花岗闪长岩岩浆演化而来。铁矿化可分为两个阶段,第一阶段为黑云母/绿泥石—石英—磁铁矿阶段,为本区主要的铁矿化阶段,形成网脉状—浸染状的磁铁矿矿石。该阶段成矿岩体为斑岩、网脉状矿化、伴生矿化组合与斑岩型矿床可类比及磁铁矿的(Ca+Al+Mn)—(Ti+V)图解位于斑岩型矿床中,表明该阶段具有类似于斑岩型矿床的特征。第二阶段为绿帘石—磁铁矿/赤铁矿阶段,形成可达工业品位的团块状磁铁矿/赤铁矿矿石。该阶段类似于矽卡岩型铁矿的团块状矿石,及磁铁矿的(Ca+Al+Mn)—(Ti+V)图解位于矽卡岩型铁铜矿床中,表明该阶段具有类似于矽卡岩型铁矿床的特征。将如上与钠长斑岩有关,前期表现为类似斑岩型矿床特征,后期表现为类似矽卡岩型铁矿床特征的铁矿,称为钠长斑岩型铁矿。这类铁矿应注重与绿帘石伴生的团块状铁矿的寻找。对比研究表明,钠长斑岩型铁矿明显有别于长江中下游的玢岩铁矿。     

新疆西昆仑塔什库尔干地区赞坎铁矿床地质、地球化学特征及成因研究

赞坎特大型铁矿位于新疆西昆仑北段的塔什库尔干磁铁矿矿集区内,该矿集区已发现老并、赞坎、叶里克等多个大型、超大型铁矿床,矿床类型相似,但研究程度整体较低。为了在该区寻找同类型铁矿床,有必要对该类型矿床进行深入研究。通过对矿体形态特征、矿石结构构造、矿物组合分析、围岩及矿石的地球化学特征等的详细分析,认为该矿区的磁铁矿体矿体的形态、产状受地层控制较为明显,矿床成因类型为海相火山沉积型。     

安徽霍邱李老庄铁矿-菱镁矿床地质特征及矿床成因类型

霍邱铁矿田位于华北地台南缘,处于北淮阳山字型构造脊柱部位.李老庄铁矿-菱镁矿床置于霍邱铁矿田中部.该矿床主要产于新太古界霍邱群变质岩系中,矿体赋存于富镁碳酸盐中,矿石类型可以分为菱镁矿磁铁矿石和蛇纹石磁铁矿石,各占25%.成矿物质来源于变质岩系的多层、分散的含铁建造矿源层中.依据矿床地质特征,结合矿石同位素地质和测年结果,认为李老庄铁矿-菱镁矿铁矿床为一新太古代海相火山-沉积变质型矿床.     

安徽百丈岩钨钼矿床与大坞尖钨钼矿床地质特征对比研究及找矿前景分析

百丈岩钨钼矿与大坞尖钨钼矿均为皖南地区新近发现的钨钼矿床,通过对比研究发现两者在赋矿层位、控矿因素、矿石特征等方面存在着大量的相似特点。本文旨在通过系统的研究对比两者的异同点,以期对皖南地区同类型矿床的普查勘探提供指导意义。     

安徽霍邱李老庄铁矿-菱镁矿矿床地质特征及矿床成因类型

霍邱铁矿田位于华北地台南缘，处于北淮阳山字型构造脊柱部位，李老庄铁矿-菱镁矿床置于霍邱铁矿田中部。该矿床主要产于上太古界霍邱群变质岩系中，矿体赋存于富镁碳酸盐岩中，矿石类型可以分为菱镁矿磁铁矿石和蛇纹石磁铁矿石，各占25％。成矿物质来源于这些变质岩系的多层、分散的含铁建造矿源层中。依据矿床地质特征，结合矿石同位素地质和测年结果，并进行综合分析后认为，李老庄铁矿-菱镁矿矿床为-晚太古代海相火山-沉积变质型矿床。     

CSAMT方法在铁矿勘探中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)是以有限长接地导线为发射源,在距发射源中心一定距离处同时观测电场、磁场参数的一种电磁探测方法。这里以CSMAT法在某地区铁矿勘探中的应用为实例,说明该法在铁矿勘探中是有效可行的,并就CSMAT方法在勘探过程中遇到的若干问题进行了探讨,并提出了相关建议。     

Sinks of iron and manganese in underground coal mine workings

The sources and sinks of manganese in underground coal mine workings are poorly understood compared to those of iron. The geochemical system in the secondary egress drift of Caphouse Colliery near Horbury, UK, is an ideal system for studying these processes. Five locations along the drift and four secondary inflows to the drift were sampled 24 times through the year commencing May 2005. During the sampling period, the pH in the main channel varied from 6.73 to 7.93 and increased along the flow path. The secondary inflows to the drift from the strata were of higher alkalinity (mean = 385 mg/L as CaCO₃) than the main flow (mean = 330 mg/L as CaCO₃); the affects of mixing between the less alkaline main channel and the more alkaline secondary inflows and of carbon dioxide exsolution are evident in the form of carbonate and hydroxide precipitates. SEM and XRD analysis of precipitates collected from the drift confirm the presence of calcium and manganese carbonates and ferric hydroxide. PHREEQC speciation and solubility modelling confirms supersaturation of the water in the main channel with respect to ferric oxy-hydroxides; iron, manganese, magnesium and calcium carbonates; and manganese oxides. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

酸性矿山废水中生物成因次生高铁矿物的形成及环境工程意义

酸性矿山废水(acid mine drainage,AMD)是一类pH低并含有大量有毒金属元素的废水。AMD及受其影响的环境中次生高铁矿物类型主要包括羟基硫酸高铁矿物(如黄铁矾和施威特曼石等)和一些含水氧化铁矿物(如针铁矿和水铁矿等),而且这些矿物在不同条件下会发生相转变,如施氏矿物向针铁矿或黄铁矾矿物相转化。基于酸性环境中生物成因次生矿物的形成会"自然钝化"或"清除"废水中铁和有毒金属这一现象所获得的启示,提出利用这些矿物作为环境吸附材料去除地下水中砷,不但吸附量大(如施氏矿物对As的吸附可高达120mg/g),而且可直接吸附As(III),还几乎不受地下水中其他元素影响。利用AMD环境中羟基硫酸高铁矿物形成的原理,可将其应用于AMD石灰中和主动处理系统中,构成"强化微生物氧化诱导成矿-石灰中和"的联合主动处理系统,以提高AMD处理效果和降低石灰用量。利用微生物强化氧化与次生矿物晶体不断生长的原理构筑生物渗透性反应墙(PRB)并和石灰石渗透沟渠耦联,形成新型的AMD联合被动处理系统,这将有助于大幅度增加处理系统的寿命和处理效率。此外,文中还探讨了上述生物成因矿物形成在AMD和地下水处理方面应用的优点以及今后需要继续研究的问题。     

Environmental geology problems caused by mining activities in Panzhihua iron mine

The Panzhihua iron mine, a famous V-Ti magnetite mine in our country, is composed of the Jianshan, Lanjiahuoshan and Zhujiabaobao ore areas. It has caused many ecological problems in the Panzhihua iron mine after nearly 40 years of mining, which has severe impact on safe mining and has brought huge economic losses. This paper begins with the environmental geological problems caused by unloading （mining） and loading （mine dump） that is then resulted from mining activities. The paper then analyses and studies the cause and development of every environmental geological problem as well as the formation of geological disasters （landslip, coast and landslide） from two aspects： geological disasters and environmental geological problems caused by mining activities. Meanwhile, the paper puts forward suggestions about prevention and management of mine. It is found that material unloading in the Panzhihua iron mine has made the originally stable geological body be less stable, and has formed much disastrous slope. The resulted geological disasters include landslip, landslip, etc. Material loading, i.e. mine dump, has caused a huge artificial loose stack piled up in valleys. The steep slopes can easily result in geological disasters, such as landslip, landslide, debris flow, etc. Till now, there have been over10 times geological disasters caused by material unloading, and over 20 times caused by material loading. The economic loss has been over 0.1 billion yuan RMB. It is also found that the major impact of mining on environment is the pollution of soil and water caused by heavy metals. Besides this, powder is also another source of pollution.     

赵家沟铁矿矿体特征及找矿标志

铁矿是国民经济的重要经济资源,铁矿的勘查对国民的发展有重要的意义,本文针对赵家沟铁矿的研究,提出了铁矿的找矿标志。     

和尚桥露天铁矿地下水疏干方法研究

和尚桥铁矿是一个大型露天磁铁矿,由于矿区的特殊位置,建设生态矿山、最大限度地减少矿山生产对环境的扰动势在必行。矿山工业布局、独特的水文地质环境和安全生产需要,均给矿山地下水疏干提出新要求。根据该铁矿露天采矿场不同地段的地质、水文地质和工程地质条件,提出了地表和地下联合疏干的方法。利用所建立的地下水疏干预测模型,模拟该方案疏干矿坑地下水的可能,为矿山安全生产、地下水综合利用提供决策依据。     

程潮铁矿西区地表塌陷成因分析

以程潮铁矿西区为例,结合矿区的地层岩性和地下采矿情况,系统分析了金属矿山地下开采引起的地下水位变化及地表突发性塌陷的原因。研究表明：地表塌陷主要受地下采矿的影响;在一定的地质水文条件下,地表塌陷时采空区高度与采矿深度呈线型关系;地表变形大小和扩展范围与地层岩性息息相关;连续降雨能诱发地表塌陷。地表塌陷可被分为4个阶段：间歇性向上崩落阶段、裂缝连通及扩展阶段、疏干塌陷阶段及地表塌坑群形成阶段。采空区上部岩体垮落是非充分的,岩体空隙随时间的积累和岩体崩落动态变化,崩落呈间歇性、跳跃性地向上发展。岩体崩落的高度与地层岩性有关,岩体强度越小,完整性越差,每次崩落高度越小,总崩落高度越大。随着矿体的开采,漏斗状水位降形成。地下水位降低不仅与采空区的相对位置有关,还受岩性构造所控制。岩体裂隙的产生及发展贯通为地下水向下流动提供了有利通道,可溶岩不断被侵蚀,黏土及岩屑被地下水容冲刷带走易在地下形成隐伏空区。硬石膏整体变形破坏会造成地下水的突涌,在地下隐伏空区内产生瞬时高负压,诱发地表塌陷。     

Forecasting of water yield of deep-buried iron mine in Yanzhou,Shandong

This paper compares analytical and numerical methods by taking the forecasting of water yield of deep-buried iron mine in Yanzhou, Shandong as an example. Regarding the analytical method, the equation of infinite and bilateral water inflow boundary is used to forecast the water yield, and in the case of numerical simulation, we employed the GMS software to establish a model and further to forecast the water yield. On the one hand, through applying the analytical method, the maximum water yield of mine 1 500 m deep below the surface was calculated to be 13 645.17 m3/d; on the other hand, through adopting the numerical method, we obtained the predicted result of 3 816.16 m3/d. Meanwhile, by using the boundary generalization in the above-mentioned two methods, and through a comparative analysis of the actual hydro-geological conditions in this deep-buried mine, which also concerns the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods respectively, this paper draws the conclusion that the analytical method is only applicable in ideal conditions, but numerical method is eligible to be used in complex hydro-geological conditions. Therefore, it is more applicable to employ the numerical method to forecast water yield of deep-buried iron mine in Yanzhou, Shandong     

某拟建铁矿裂隙-岩溶矿区开采涌水量数值模拟研究

矿坑涌水是矿产安全开发的主要威胁,如何精确地预测开采涌水量直接关系到矿山开发远景和生产安全。以某拟建铁矿为例,建立地下水系统水文地质概念模型和数学模型,并对地下水流模型的参数进行识别校正和敏感性分析,采用有限差分数值模拟方法,评价矿体-400、-500、-600m共3个开采水平的矿坑开采涌水量。计算结果表明,数值模拟技术可以系统地描述矿区地下水系统,评价涌水量的主要来源,并对后期矿产开采和水量的优化配置具有指导意义。