黑龙江伊春-延寿地槽褶皱系成矿特征分析

黑龙江伊春-延寿地槽褶皱系构造复杂,岩浆活动具多期性,成矿作用与岩浆岩关系密切,形成了与加里东期、印支期、燕山期侵入岩(火山岩)有关的金及多金属矿床,矿床类型属交代热液型矿床.研究区处于闭合边缘的岛弧或活动陆缘构造环境,与成矿有关的岩浆岩具高酸高钾特征.古元古界东风山群、古生界西林群、二叠系土门岭组、白垩系板子房组、甘河组、光华组火山岩为成矿提供了矿源.     

粤东嵩溪银矿形成的区域地质背景、成矿特征及成因

嵩溪银矿位于粤东晚古生代梅县-惠阳坳陷带的北段,晚侏罗世陆相火山岩盆地的边缘。区域成矿地质背景研究表明,晚侏罗世是粤东构造岩浆活动最强烈时期,火山岩的原始成岩物质来源于下地壳。地质勘探表明矿体在空间上呈脉状分布于早、中侏罗世的地层中,受断裂构造控制,矿石的结构构造和蚀变的分带性说明矿床具典型的热液矿床特征。矿石的铅同位素组成具壳幔混合铅特征,成矿物质来源于深部岩浆;矿石硫同位素组成和与成矿有关的石英脉的氢氧同位素、方解石脉的碳同位素组成特征,说明成矿热液以岩浆热液为主。根据矿床的矿化蚀变特征和成矿物质、成矿热液来源,结合区域成矿地质背景、矿区周边岩浆岩分布特征和岩浆岩成份及其来源的综合分析,认为嵩溪大型银矿床的形成与晚侏罗世陆相火山作用有关,矿床成因类型为陆相火山岩浆期后热液脉状矿床。     

老挝班康姆铜金矿床成矿条件及成矿机理研究

班康姆铜金矿床是近年来发现的大型铜金矿床,矿体主要赋存于中基性火山岩之中,其微量元素特征、玄武岩类的Ti-Zr-Y、Ti-Zr判别图、花岗岩类在Nb-Y(A)、Rb-(Y+Ta)判别图均表明成矿构造环境为岛弧环境,火山岩属于中钾钙碱性系列.岩浆岩稀土总量较低,标准化模式曲线均为略富集轻稀土的平坦型,Eu几乎不存在异常,说明火山岩、侵入岩为同源不同期的产物,岩浆热液来源于地幔或下地壳,热液活动划分为火山喷发期、热液叠加期,其成矿物质来源于安山岩,矿(化)体受NNE断裂构造、岩浆岩控制,矿床类型为与岩浆岩密切相关的复合型热液矿床.     

中国萤石矿床分类及其成矿规律

本文研究了中国萤石矿床成矿规律,并根据成因和赋矿岩石类型,将其分成三个类型:产于酸—中酸性岩浆岩及其接触带的矿床;产于火山岩及次火山岩中的矿床;产于碳酸盐岩或其他沉积岩、火山沉积岩中的矿床。我国东部和东南部中—新生代岩浆活动地带,集中了我国大部分萤石矿床。萤石矿床形成时代都较晚,且大多数与晚期岩浆活动有关。萤石常与其他非金属和金属矿物构成综合矿床。在一个大的区域内,矿床组合具明显分带性。中国东半部的北东向构造对萤石成矿十分有利。岩石类型和褶皱断裂对成矿具有明显的控制作用。围岩蚀变具有重要找矿意义,且因围岩类型而异,并具分带特点。     

豫西前河金矿床控矿因素及深部找矿远景分析

前河金矿床属构造蚀变岩型矿床,为河南省金矿的主要类型,其成矿物质来源于熊耳群鸡蛋坪组火山岩及其下伏太华群变质的超铁镁质岩、变基性火山岩.在燕山期断裂构造活动、岩浆活动及成矿热液作用下,成矿物质在构造的有利部位富集成矿,在构造的转折部位、分支复合部位及构造交汇部位矿体变厚,品位变高.金矿化与硅化、黄铁矿化、黄铁绢英岩化、...     

广西大瑶山地区铜金多金属矿床成因探讨

从沉积建造、岩浆岩、构造-岩浆活动、成矿流体性质、矿石微量元素和硫同位素特征等方面分析了大瑶山地区与浅成-超浅成岩浆岩有关的铜金多金属矿成矿地质条件,认为矿床属沉积富集-断裂构造-热液（气）叠加改造型成因,可概括为矿源层形成、岩浆期热液叠加成矿、岩浆期后断裂构造热液改造成矿3个阶段.     

大兴安岭南段白音诺尔铅锌矿床成矿时代确定及其找矿意义

内蒙古白音诺尔铅锌矿床是我国北方著名的超大型矽卡岩型铅锌矿。矿区出露的岩浆岩主要有花岗闪长岩、晶屑凝灰熔岩、石英斑岩、闪长玢岩、花岗岩。矿体呈脉状和囊状,产于中二叠统哲斯组大理岩中,受硅钙面及北东向断裂构造的控制。关于白音诺尔铅锌矿床的成矿时代存在燕山期成矿和印支期成矿两种不同的观点。本文通过厘定与矿体空间位置关系密切的岩浆岩的成岩年龄推测矿体的形成时代,坑道地质调查发现矿体切穿了区内晚侏罗世满克头鄂博组的火山岩后又被闪长玢岩切穿,因此可推测矿体的形成时代介于两种岩浆岩之间,通过锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb定年,获得了火山岩的年龄为149. 9±2. 5Ma,闪长玢岩的年龄为140. 3±2. 6Ma,由此限定成矿年龄在140. 3±2. 6~149. 9±2. 5Ma之间,属于晚侏罗- 早白垩世,与区域上锡多金属矿床的形成时代一致。在白音诺尔铅锌矿床中已有锡的显示并在其周边地区发现了锡矿体的存在,区域上锡多金属矿床的形成与晚侏罗- 早白垩世的高演化花岗岩关系密切,因此认为白音诺尔铅锌矿的成矿地质体可能为同期隐伏高演化花岗岩,暗示矿床深部仍存在巨大找矿前景。     

得尔布干成矿带中段八大关——新峰山成矿地质条件分析

得尔布干成矿带中段八大关—新峰山地区断裂构造发育 ,北东向得尔布干深大断裂是重要的控岩控矿构造。与成矿有关岩浆岩主要为燕山期的中性—中酸性侵入岩及次火山岩。赋矿层位主要有上库力组、塔木兰沟组及谢尔塔拉组。在分析典型矿床的成矿地质特征基础上 ,进一步指出找矿方向     

新疆和静县巴音铜矿地质特征与找矿标志

巴音铜矿床位于新疆西南天山东段,尤路都斯山问盆地北缘.矿化体赋存于上志留统中基性火山岩及沉积岩中,矿化富集受地层、构造、侵入岩的多重控制.文章阐述了巴音铜矿床成矿地质背景,矿床(体)地质特征.研究了矿区内地层、岩石、岩浆岩中微量元素与铜成矿的密切关系,探讨了成矿流体性质、矿床成因、成矿模式及找矿标志.     

从构造地球化学角度分析大井矿床的形成

大井矿区岩浆岩、赋矿围岩和矿石矿物的许多特点表明,大井矿床的形成经历过多期构造活动,成矿物质具多源性.用构造地球化学的观点分析该矿床的形成过程,认为在其外围找矿应综合考虑沉积-变质岩、次火山岩和构造破碎带控矿等问题.     

吉林东部火山-岩浆岩区金铜矿成矿模式探讨

吉林东部(延边地区)中生代以来不同方向的断裂构造发育,火山活动强烈,岩浆侵入频繁,与中生代火山-岩浆活动有成因联系的金、铜多金属矿床多处,矿化蚀变线索多见,构成了知名度很高的五凤-小西南岔近东西向火山-岩浆期后低温热液型金、铜多金属成矿带.区内中生代火山-岩浆岩的形成是上地幔岩浆上侵的结果,同时伴有成矿作用的发生,在构造有利部位形成金、金铜或铜金多金属矿体.成矿物质来源于地幔,成矿是在酸性介质中还原条件下发生的.从远源至近源,成矿分带为Au、Ag→Au、Cu、Ag→Cu、Au、Pb、Zn→Cu、(Mo、Au),成矿温度从低温至高温变化,硫化物从贫硫化物向富硫化物变化.     

浙江省萤石矿床区域成矿规律与找矿方向研究

萤石矿是浙江省的优势矿种之一,储量在中国名列前茅。根据矿床成因可分为火山-次火山热液充填型、岩浆期后热液充填型和岩浆热液交代型3种类型。火山-次火山热液充填型萤石矿床主要分布于浙东南火山岩分布区,成矿作用与中生代火山活动关系密切;岩浆期后热液充填型和岩浆热液交代型萤石矿床主要分布于浙西北燕山期花岗岩周围,成矿作用与燕山期岩浆侵入活动密切相关。文章根据浙江省萤石矿床的成因类型、成矿作用、构造环境、成矿时代等特征,可将其归纳为2个成矿系列:与中生代火山-次火山热液有关的萤石矿床成矿系列和与中生代岩浆侵入作用有关的萤石矿床成矿系列。其中,与中生代岩浆侵入作用有关的萤石矿床成矿系列又可分为与燕山期中酸性岩浆期后热液充填作用有关的萤石矿床成矿亚系列及与燕山期中酸性岩浆热液交代作用有关的萤石矿床成矿亚系列。在此基础上,提出了2大萤石矿床成矿系列的找矿方向分别为浙东南晚白垩世火山断陷盆地边缘断裂、火山口环形和放射状断裂及浙西北高氟岩体。     

MAGMATISM OF THE EASTERN SAYAN

New geological and petrological data on the range of magmatic complexes and formations of the Eastern Sayan show two primary magmas: basic and granitoid. These magmas were formed through melting hard deep-seated layers of the earth crust: basaltic and sialic. During the geosynclinal stage the development of magmas belonging to the Archean, Proterozoic, and Salair [Cambrian] volcanic cycles proceeded consecutively from ultrabasic and basic formations formed in a pre-orogenic or earlier-orogenic geosynclinal development stage to granitoids set up in a synorogenic or later-synorogenic development stage. During the platform stage middle Paleozoic (Lower Devonian) and Mesozoic-Cenozoic cycles of magmatism proceeded directly, without the geosynclinal preparatory stage. Their development, accompanied by faulting, proceeded in reverse order from acidic and alkalic intrusions to predominantly basic eruptives. A further development of deep-seated basic and granitoid magmas was determined first by magmatic differentiation and later by assimilation phenomena which took place during the magma's passage into upper structural layers. The granitoids of geosynclinal magmatic complexes correspond petrochemically to the intermediate types of calc-alkalic rocks of the Pacific Ocean belt. The granitoids and alkalic rocks of the Lower Devonian platform magmatic complex resemble those of the Cenozoic East-Asia alkalic province. The composition of the granitoid magma belonging to the volcanic cycle is conditioned initially chiefly by the sial environment and geosynclinal strata. Magmatic complexes and formations are characterized by definite endogenic mineralizations. Chromium, nickel, cobalt, platinum, diamond, asbestos and other deposits are genetically connected with Proterozoic basic and ultrabasic rocks; gold, muscovite and tin-rare metal pegmatite with upper Proterozoic granitoids. Copper, galenaite and gold-ore occurrences are related to the postmagmatic manifestations of Salair granitoids. Deposits of pyrochlore carbonatites, molybdenite, graphite and others belong to Lower Devonian acidic and alkalic granitoids. — Auth. English summ.     

The relationship between Archaean gold mineralization and spatially associated minor intrusions at the Kambalda and Norseman gold camps,western Australia: Lead isotope evidence

Many Archaean mesothermal gold deposits are spatially associated with felsic to lamprophyric minor intrusions and it has been suggested that magmatic processes related to such intrusions may be important in the genesis of these deposits. A comparison of the Pb-isotopic signature of gold-related galenas from Kambalda and Norseman with that of spatially associated minor intrusions (at the time of mineralization) indicates that the ore-fluid Pb cannot have been derived solely from the intrusions or their source regions. For both study areas, the galena Pb-isotopic compositions are bracketed by those of local volcanic (mafic) and intrusive (largely felsic) rock types. This is consistent with the ore fluid having derived metallic components from the crust (or crustally derived granitic rocks) and the mantle (or mantle-derived rocks of the greenstone succession) via metamorphic dewatering or mantle/crustal degassing. Interaction of granite-derived magmatic fluids with greenstone lithologies could plausibly produce a similar array of Pb-isotopic signatures. The Norseman data, as a whole, are more radiogenic than the Kambalda data for broadly synchronous mineralization, reflecting the greater abundance of older granitic rocks with respect to mafic/ultramafic rocks in the Norseman district. The provinciality exhibited by the Pb-isotopic composition of the ore fluid indicates that the gold-mineralizing process formed galena whose Pb-isotopic composition was very sensitive to local variations in crustal Pb-isotopic composition, either within the source region of the fluid or along fluid conduits.     

辽宁新甸金矿床成因

元古宇辽河群盖县组是一套黏土、半黏土质陆源碎屑沉积夹中-酸性火山岩或火山碎屑岩沉积建造,在地质历史发展过程中发生了变形变质作用,导致岩石中的硅质成分分异而形成硅化石英脉,同时,岩石中的成矿物质也发生了初步的迁移和富集.燕山期的花岗岩浆活动交代重熔了变质岩系,变质岩系中大量的成矿物质被活化、迁移至岩浆期后热液中,在成矿热液演化为偏酸性-还原性条件下,金等成矿元素发生了沉淀作用.稳定同位素、稀土元素特征表明金矿床的成矿物质来源于盖县组变质岩系,成矿热液为岩浆期后热液.伴随岩浆活动产生的一系列剪切构造既为成矿热液运移提供了通道,也为矿质沉淀提供了有利空间.新甸金矿床属于岩浆期后热液型矿床.     

Gold Deposits in Beishan Mountain, Northwestern China

Abstract. The Beishan Mountain spans three provinces ‐ Gansu, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, having an area of 120,000 km² Tectonically, it transverses three different tectonic units, i.e. Siberia, Kazakhstan and Tarim plates, and is composed of nine ter‐rains with widely exposed Precambrian and Paleozoic strata, complex structures, intensive magmatic activities and widespread ore deposits. It is not only a main part of Tianshan‐Yinshan‐Great Hinggan metallogenic belt in China, but also a key to under‐stand the evolution of central‐Asian orogenic system. At present, more than 100 gold deposits and prospects have been discovered, explored and mined, among which Nanjinshan, Mazhuangshan, Liushashan, Jinwozi, Zhaobishan and Xiaoxigong are the most important ones. Based on the host rocks and the geological features, all these gold occurrences can be subdivided into three groups (or types): (1) hosted by Carboniferous or Permian volcanic or subvolcanic rocks; (2) hosted by or related to plutonic intrusions; and (3) hosted by Precambrian metamorphic rocks. The first group includes the Mazhuangshan gold deposit, which occurs in Hercynian quartz por‐phyry and rhyolite porphyry as gold‐bearing quartz veins. The second group is composed of the Liushashan, Nanjinshan Zhaobishan and Jinwozi gold deposits. Gold mineralization at these four deposits occurs within Hercynian granitoids intrusion: or late Paleozoic sedimentary rocks as quartz veins, veinlets and altered rocks. The Xiaoxigong gold deposit belongs to the third group, and is hosted by Precambrian schist, amphibolite and migmatite as quartz veins and altered rocks. Isotopic age dating data, geological and geochemical evidence suggest that most of the groups 1 and 2 gold deposits were generated during the emplacement of the Hercynian or partly Indosinian intrusions. These intrusions may provide both heat and metals for groups 1 and 2 deposits. In contrast, although the formation is closely related to the Hercynian magma‐tism, the ore‐forming materials of the group 3 deposits may not only come from the intrusions, but also from the Precambrian metamorphic rocks.     

华北地块北缘泥盆纪岩浆活动及其构造背景

晚古生代—早中生代岩浆岩广泛分布在华北地块北缘,构成了沿华北地块北缘呈近东—西向分布的上千公里的岩浆岩带。泥盆纪岩浆岩作为其中的组成部分,虽然分布范围不及石炭—二叠纪岩浆岩广泛,但近十多年来随着研究工作的深入,越来越多的泥盆纪岩浆岩被发现,其构造背景及意义也逐渐引起重视。对华北地块北缘近年来发现的泥盆纪岩浆活动进行总结分析表明,泥盆纪岩浆活动时限在400~360 Ma左右,其中碱性侵入岩和基性—超基性侵入岩时代主要集中在400~380 Ma之间,沿华北地块北缘自东向西均有分布;火山岩则主要集中在400 Ma和360 Ma,主要分布在华北北缘东段的赤峰地区。泥盆纪侵入岩在岩石组合上以碱性杂岩及碱性花岗岩为主,其次为二长闪长岩、基性—超基性杂岩。泥盆纪火山岩则以变质流纹质火山岩—次火山岩—火山碎屑岩及变质玄武安山岩、玄武岩（斜长角闪岩）为主,总体上具有双峰式岩石组合特征。综合研究该地区构造演化历史及泥盆纪岩石组合、弱构造变形特征、岩石地球化学与同位素地球化学组成等,认为泥盆纪岩浆活动的形成与白乃庙岛弧和华北地块在晚志留世发生弧—陆碰撞后的伸展背景有关。华北北缘泥盆纪岩浆岩带的形成对于认识古生代期间地壳增生过程、方式及古亚洲洋最终闭合时间有重要科学意义。      

鲁中南地区燕山期侵入岩与金成矿

鲁中南地区受区域性大断裂－－沂沭断裂带控制，中生代有较大规模的中性、偏碱性火山岩型岩体侵入和火山喷发，在火机构内或围绕次火山岩小岩体，形成与之相关的火山岩型金矿化。燕山期火山夺具备幔源特征。侵入岩对金成矿有2种作用，一是通过岩浆携带成矿物质经过分异派生形成金矿，二是在岩浆活动过程中，借助热力和气液循环对围岩进行了广泛改造和蚀变，使之活化迁移，在构造裂隙中富集成矿。燕山期侵和岩为金矿形成提供了物源和热源，是金成矿的主要控制因素。     

德兴铜矿、银山铜铅锌矿床的岩浆岩岩石化学特征及其成岩成矿机理探讨

德兴斑岩铜矿和银山铜铅锌矿床位于江南古陆与钱塘坳陷之过渡带,赣东北深大断裂的北西盘。德兴斑岩铜矿与燕山期(169Ma)浅成花岗闪长斑岩侵入体具有成因联系,侵入体属低硅钠质组合,铝质参数A[A=Al-(K+Na+2Ca)]值变化于-13—93,表现为铝次饱和到不饱和特征,镁铁质参数B(B=Fe+Mg+Ti)值变化于100—265,二者构成负斜率岩浆演变趋势线,表明岩浆起源于上地幔或下地壳。银山矿床的形成与燕山期(145—142Ma)陆相火山一次火山岩系有关,其属高硅钾质火山岩组合,铝质参数A值变化于7—17     

夕卡岩型矿床的成矿作用和地球化学研究综述

近年来的研究发现,夕卡岩型矿床不仅仅发生在中酸性岩体与碳酸盐岩类的接触带上,在基性岩体的接触带上或者远离接触带的地层中也可以形成夕卡岩,成矿围岩也突破了碳酸盐岩类岩石的限制,在火山沉积凝灰岩等较活泼的火山沉积岩中也可以形成夕卡岩和夕卡岩型矿床;这类型的矿床大多数与陆壳俯冲带中的岩浆弧有关,其成矿温度以中低温为主,成矿深度从浅表成到中深成的环境为主,深成环境不利于夕卡岩的形成;夕卡岩型矿床的成矿物质以深源为主,部分可能有地壳物质的混入;而成矿流体的不同演化阶段表现出一定的差异,早期以岩浆水占优势为特征,并向天水方向演化,晚期主要以天水占优势为特征。