江西铜鼓柏树金矿地质地球化学研究

柏树金矿成矿物质主要来源于深部岩浆活动，次为围岩中元古界九岭群，成矿元素组合与围岩九岭群的元素组合不同，矿石硫来自深部岩浆，成矿流体为富Ｋ＾＋，Ｎａ＾＋，ＨＣＯ３＾＋，Ｃｌ＾－的高温岩浆热液，矿床形成于低压、弱碱性，还原环境。     

福建德化地区东洋浅成热液金矿床成矿作用与成因研究

为揭示福建德化东洋金矿床的成因,进行了矿床地质、流体包裹体和氢-氧、硫、铅同位素的系统研究。结果显示成矿流体接近于大气降水;硫元素具有深源硫的特征;铅同位素表明成矿物质来源于古老下地壳。综合研究结果表明该矿床的初始成矿流体为中高温、低密度、低盐度的岩浆热液,沸腾作用以及大气水混合是成矿物质卸载的主要因素,矿床成因属于与次火山岩岩浆作用有关的浅成热液低硫化型金矿床。     

内蒙古巴音杭盖金矿床稳定同位素研究

稳定同位素研究表明：巴音杭盖金矿床成矿流体中水早期来自岩浆 水，晚期有天水的加入；硫为来源于下元古界宝音图群地层，在成岩过程 中进入岩浆并形成硫的均一化；铅为壳幔混合源。成矿与喜山期地幔流体 的活动有关，它在成岩成矿过程中起主导作用。     

石棉县大水沟脉型碲化物矿床地球化学──世界首例独立碲矿床成因

四川省石棉县境内发现的世界首例独立碲矿床，它位于大渡河韧性剪切带中段，受大水沟岩浆动热穹隆体控制，以碲为主成矿元素，伴生Ｂｉ、Ｓｅ、Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｃｕ等。矿体呈（硫）铋碲化物脉型充填于三叠系绿片岩内，斜交地层产状。本文通过地球化学研究，认为成矿作用经历早期碲的富集，成矿流体与深成作用有关；晚期发生金矿化，受古大气降水影响。大水沟碲化物脉型牙床属于中深成、中高温岩浆热液充填型独立碲矿床。     

广西昭平湾岛金矿的成因:流体包裹体和H-O-S-Pb同位素地球化学约束

湾岛金矿是近年来广西东南部大瑶山多金属成矿集中区古袍金矿田内发现的中型矿床,其物质来源及成因尚存在较大分歧。根据详细的坑道及岩矿相学观察,将湾岛金矿成矿分为2期3阶段:钨钼铜金成矿期和金主成矿期(分为金主成矿阶段和金晚成矿阶段)。石英流体包裹体显微测温和激光拉曼光谱分析表明,金主成矿期成矿流体为中高温、低盐度、低密度的含CO_2和CH_4流体。氢氧同位素分析表明,金主成矿期成矿流体中水主要为变质水,钨钼铜金成矿期成矿流体中水可能为岩浆水及变质水的混合。矿石矿物硫同位素数据显示,钨钼铜金成矿期硫同位素值为小的正值,可能为深源硫;金主成矿期湾岛矿区硫同位素组成变化范围大而均值较小,推测钨钼铜金成矿期成矿物质来源以深源硫为主;金主成矿期为岩浆硫与地层硫的混合硫。初步认为湾岛金矿属于变质-岩浆热液叠加改造成矿。     

内蒙古孟恩陶勒盖银铅锌铟矿床成因研究

文章从地质特征及地球化学特征方面论证了孟恩陶勒盖矿床的成因。地质特征显示该矿床的形成与花岗岩之间不存在成因联系，矿床相对于岩浆岩围岩是后成的，花岗岩及断裂构造只是为矿床提供了储存空间。矿床地球化学特征显示该矿床的成因与可能位于深部的燕山期岩浆活动有关，成矿元素及硫主要来自岩浆，成矿流体以岩浆水为主。因此该矿床属于岩浆热液型多金属矿床。     

大井铜-锡多金属矿床成矿作用与岩浆流体的关系

通过对大井铜锡多金属矿床硫化物的硫同位素和流体包裹体的氢同位素测定,确定了成矿期的流体以大气降水为主,但硫主要来源于深部的岩浆流体。岩浆流体对这类热液脉型矿床的形成起着重要作用, 富硫和其它挥发组分的岩浆流体携带了岩浆中的Cu、Sn等多种成矿金属元素,它与大气降水的混合是造成Sn、Cu和Zn等金属成矿物质逐步沉淀的主要原因     

桐柏—大别地区中温热液金矿床同位素地球化学特征

本文收集整理了桐伯－大别地区与中温热液金矿床有关的氢，氧，硫，铅同位素组成数据，分析整理结果表明，成矿流体和成矿元素及硫可能来自不同的来源，流体主要为大气降水，成矿元素和硫主要来自流体下渗及回返过程中流经的各类岩石，成矿流体的这种性质对于造山内带及两侧金矿化的产出规律具有相当程度的影响。     

海南抱伦金矿床成矿时代研究

抱伦金矿床是海南省新近发现的大型金矿床之一，属于发育于下志留统陀烈组浅变质岩系中受断裂构造裂隙控制的岩浆热液型金矿床。成矿流体包裹体特征和氢氧同位素研究表明，成矿流体以岩浆水为主，有部分变质水的参与，大气降水影响比较小；成矿元素地球化学背景、硫同位素、稀土元素和初始锶比值等反映成矿物质来源虽然以变质岩为主，但有部分来源于岩浆岩；成矿物质和成矿流体来源反映出成矿作用与岩浆活动的密切关系。由热液蚀变矿物Rb-Sr等时线年龄234Ma和K－Ar年龄213Ma可知，金矿化年龄为210－230Ma，所以，抱化金矿床的成矿时代为印支期。这一结果与粤西－海南成矿带的成矿时代特征及特提斯构造演化特点相吻合。     

湘南香花岭锡多金属矿田地质地球化学特征及成因探讨

香花岭锡多金属矿田位于华南褶皱系中部、湘南成矿带的西南缘。对香花岭锡多金属矿田地层成矿元素和岩浆岩微量元素、成矿元素、稀碱元素、挥发元素、稀土元素地球化学特征及硫、铅、碳、氧同位素地球化学特征的研究表明:矿田内主要矿化、蚀变均围绕花岗岩体产出,含矿热液主要来自壳幔混合岩浆结晶分异成岩期后产生的流体,在流体运移演化过程中有围岩成矿物质和地下水加入,岩浆热液矿化作用过程是在一个有围岩物质、地下水不断加入的开放体系中完成的。香花岭锡多金属矿田在成因上属与燕山期岩浆活动有关的岩浆热液型锡多金属成矿系列。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.