渤中坳陷油气包裹体与油气成藏

含油气盆地中油气包裹体对油气运移、聚集成藏具有示踪作用。应用油气包裹体统计分析表明渤中坳陷油气运移聚集的主要层位为浅部第三系。其中下第三系砂岩中普遍含有两类油气包裹体,即原生油气包裹体和次生油气包裹体,它们分别记录了研究区两次油气运移、聚集成藏过程。次生油气包裹体个体大、分布广、含量明显高于原生油气包裹体,其主要充填分布在次生溶蚀孔隙和裂隙中。均一温度测量、包裹体成分和生物标志化合物分析结果综合表明,次生油气包裹体记录的第二次油气运移是本区最主要的一次油气聚集成藏过程,其油气来源于下第三系湖相泥质烃源岩。结合地质演化特征分析认为,渤中坳陷目前油气勘探的重点应是浅部下第三系地层,而不是深部其它地层。早第三纪晚期构造运动、沉积间断和次生溶蚀孔隙特征研究,以及与之相关储层预测是本区油气勘探获得突破的关键所在。     

Analysis of Organic Inclusions Using Fluorescence Microscopy and Micro-FT.IR Techniques

Organic inclusions from the Shahejie Formation of the Eogene period in the Bohai Gulf Basin,eastern China,were examined using micro-FT.IR and fluorescence microscopy in addition to the measurement of their homogenization temperatures(Th).Two populations of organic inclusions were recognized,the primary and the secondary organic inclusions.The primary organic inclusions contain organic materials with relatively long alkyl chains(the carbon atom number is 15 to 17),whereas the secondary organic inclusions contain a certain amount of H2S besides organic materials which have relatively short alkyl chains with the carbon atom number of 5 to 6.The Th values of the primary organic inclusions within the rage of 87-91℃,lower than those of the secondary organic inclusions(Th=98-105℃）,sugesting that the primary organic inclusions experienced a lower degree of thermal evolution than the secondary inclusions.This inference is consistent with the fluorescence spectroscopic characteristics and parameters(Tmax,Q values)of the organic inclusions.Data from the organic inclusions together with the petroleum geology setting revealed that the primary inclusions resulted from the migration of hydrocarbons generated within the strata they are hosted,whereas the secondary organic inclusions were trapped in the process of secondary hydrocarbons expelled out of the source rocks to the locations where they were accumulated.The thermal properties of the organic inclusions are consistent with the maturation of the oil generated from the Shahejie Formation.The abundance of the organic inclusions and their characteristics indicate that the member Es3 of the Shaheije Formation is highly potential for oil accumulation.The results could provide essential coues to petroleum exploration in the Bohai Gulf Basic.     

番禺低隆起—白云凹陷北坡第三系储层次生孔隙形成机理分析

根据砂岩薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜的分析,研究区内发育大量的粒间和粒内溶蚀孔。在大量实测物性参数统计分析的基础上,发现了白云凹陷第三系储层存在两个次生孔隙发育带,主要分布在2 750～3 500 m和4 100～4 600 m两个深度段。通过同位素示踪的方法,证实了形成次生孔隙的原因主要是有机质成熟时释放的有机酸和成岩过...     

Re–Os Dating of Bitumen from Paleo–Oil Reservoir in the Qinglong Antimony Deposit, Guizhou Province, China and Its Geological Significance

Abundant organic inclusions are present in the Qinglong antimony deposit. However, the source rocks of these organic matters have not been reliably identified. Recently, a paleo–oil reservoir was found in the Qinglong antimony deposit. In view of similar components of gaseous hydrocarbon, we propose that the organic matters observed in inclusions in Qinglong antimony deposit would come from this paleo–oil reservoir. We used the Re–Os dating method to determine the age of the bitumen from this paleo–oil reservoir, and obtained an isochron age of 254.3±2.8 Ma. The age indicates that the oilgeneration from source rock occurred in the early Late Permian, earlier than the Sb mineralization age(~148±8.5 Ma) in the Qinglong antimony deposit area. After oil generation from Devonian source rock, first and secondary migration, the crude oil have probably entered into the fractures and pores of volcanic rocks and limestone and formed a paleo–oil reservoir in the western wing of Dachang anticline. As burial process deepened, the crude oil has turned into natural gas, migrates into the core of Dachang anticline and formed a paleo–gas reservoir. The hydrocarbons(including CH_4) in the reservoirs can serve as reducing agent to provide the sulfur required for Sb mineralization through thermal chemical reduction of sulfates. Therefore, the formation of oil–gas in the area is a prerequisite for the Sb mineralization in the Qinglong antimony deposit.     

河西走廊地区石炭系—二叠系油气地质条件与含油气前景

对河西走廊地区石炭系—二叠系沉积演化、生烃条件、储集条件、生储盖组合类型和保存条件进行了研究,认为区内石炭系—二叠系具有良好的油气地质条件,是值得重视的油气勘探新层系。研究区早石炭世—早二叠世早期,以浅海相—海陆交互相沉积为主,前黑山组—太原组发育多套暗色泥岩或炭质泥岩为主的烃源岩,有机质含量中等—较高,以Ⅱ~Ⅲ型干酪根为主,烃源岩演化进入成熟—高成熟阶段;储集层以碎屑岩为主,成岩作用强烈,原始粒间孔隙不发育,但不乏溶蚀孔隙较发育的中等—较好的碎屑岩储集层,而且碳酸盐岩也是区内重要的储集层类;中生界为区域盖层,石炭系—二叠系内部的砂泥岩组合构成纵向上的储盖组合;可形成内生连续式、上生下储式、潜山式等多种生储盖组合类型。石炭系—二叠系广泛分布的油气苗或钻井油气显示,为存在油气生成、运移与聚集的过程提供了依据。     

Burial History and Petroleum Entrapment in the Yaoyingtai Region of the Changling Fault Depression, China

This work aims to reconstruct the burial history of various kinds of sandstones penetrated by the well YS201 in the Yaoyingtai region of the Changling Fault Depression, southern Songliao Basin, China. Analyses of fluid inclusions in the reservoir rocks, combined with a review of the regional tectonic evolution, revealed the hydrocarbon accumulation stage and accumulation age of the Early Cretaceous Denglouku group and the first member of the Quantou group reservoir, which are the future exploration focus for deep gas reservoirs in this region. Acoustic time data and sedimentary rates calculated for sediments in the YS201 well yielded thicknesses for the Yingcheng, Nenjiang, and Mingshui groups of 506, 539.18, and 144.85 m, respectively, thereby revealing the burial history of the sediments in the well. Fluid inclusions of the Denglouku group reservoir and the first member of the Quantou group reservoir contain oil inclusions and hydro-carbonaceous salt water inclusions. The main peaks of the homogenization temperature and salinity of these saltwater inclusions in the first member of the Quantou group reservoir are generally 110–120℃ and 6 wt % –8 wt %, respectively, and for the Denglouku group are 130–140℃ and 4 wt%–6 wt%. The data for both reservoirs show only one main peak, indicating that they both have experienced single-stage accumulation. Combining the homogenization temperature of the reservoir fluid inclusions with the burial and thermal history of the sediments in the YS201 well, we infer that the hydrocarbon gas in these two intervals accumulated at 79 Ma(middle Late Cretaceous).     

Organic inclusions as an indicator of oil/gas potential assessment of carbonate reservoir beds

Organic inclusions could be formed at the stages of either primary or secondary migration of hydrocarbons so long as mineral crystallization or recrystallization takes place in the sediments, presenting a direct indicator of oil/gas evolution, migration and abundance. Based on the study of organic inclusions in carbonate-type reservoir beds of commercial importance from North China, Xingjing, North Jiangsu, Jianghan, Sichuan and Guizhou in China, many inclusion parameters for oil/gas potential assessment of carbonate reservoir beds are summarized in this paper, including: 1) Types of organic inclusion: Commercially important oil beds are characterized by inclusions consisting of either pure liquid hydrocarbons or liquid plus minor gaseous hydrocarbons, while commercially important gas reservoirs are characterized by inclusions consisting of either pure gaseous hydrocarbons or gas plus minor liquid hydrocarbons. 2) Quantity of organic inclusions: The number of organic inclusions in commercially important oil/gas reservoirs is over 60% of the total inclusion percentage. 3) Temperature of saline inclusions: The homogenization temperatures of contemporaneous saline inclusions in oil reservoirs range from 91–161 °C, while in gas reservoirs from 150–250 °C). 4) Inclusion composition: In commercially important oil reservoirs, C₁/C₂=2−10, C₁/C₃=2−4, C₁/C₄=2−21, (C₂−C₄)/(C₁−C₄)(%)>20, (CH₄+CO+H₂)/CO₂ (molecules/g)=0.5−1.0, and in C₂−C₃−nC₄ triangle diagram there should be an upside-down triangle with the apex within the ellipse, while in commercial gas reservoirs, C₁/C₂=10−35, C₁/C₃=14−82, C₁/C₄=21−200, (C₂−C₄)/(C₁−C₄)(%)<20, (CH₄+CO+H₂)/CO₂>1, and there would be an upright triangle with the apex within the ellipse. The above-mentioned parameters have been used to evaluate a number of other unknown wells or regions and the results are very satisfactory. It is valid to use organic inclusions as an indicator to assess the oil/gas potential during oil/gas exploration and prospecting. This approach is effective, economic, rapid, and easy to popularize.     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组层序地层格架中烃源岩特征及控制因素

三叠系延长组是鄂尔多斯盆地中生界重要的含油气层位,属典型的岩性油藏,具有含油层位多、成藏关系复杂的特点,其中烃源岩发育特征对岩性油藏分布具有重要的控制作用.基于露头和测井资料,将鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组自下而上划分为SQ1、SQ2和SQ3三个三级层序,研究了层序地层格架控制下烃源岩的发育特征及其控制因素.研究结果表明:主力烃源岩赋存于湖侵体系域,以长7段为代表,属湖泊扩张至最大湖泛期物源补给欠补偿时半深湖-深湖相沉积,缺乏大量陆源碎屑注入而发育腐泥组占绝对优势的高有机质丰度烃源岩.高位体系域亦发育有烃源岩,如长9段和长6-4+5段,属最大湖泛期后物源补给超过基准面上升而向湖盆推进的滨湖相、浅湖相沉积,陆源碎屑输入致其表现为腐植型占优势且具较高有机质丰度的烃源岩.油源对比显示延长组油源主要来自晚三叠世延长组最大湖泛期形成的长7段湖侵体系域,说明不同体系域烃源岩对延长组油藏的贡献存在差异.层序地层沉积动力背景下体系域可容纳空间垂向与侧向变化,不仅决定体系域内部沉积相类型展布,更直接控制体系域内烃源岩有机质丰度和类型.研究层序地层格架中不同体系域内烃源岩赋存的差异性,有助于在层序沉积背景下预测和评价盆地内烃源岩分布规律.      

论川东北地区发现的高密度甲烷包裹体类型与油裂解气和页岩气勘探评价

据甲烷包裹体的产出特征和显微激光拉曼分析研究,近年来在川东北地区先后发现了多种类型的高密度甲烷包裹体,揭示了油气藏和石油包裹体的高温热演化作用的重要信息：普光气田三叠系碳酸盐和碎屑岩储层中含焦沥青的高密度甲烷包裹体分别反映了早期油藏阶段矿物捕获的石油包裹体经后期高温极端裂解的成因;普光5井碳酸盐储层中含H2S而不含焦沥青的高密度甲烷包裹体,反映了古油藏高温裂解阶段新生方解石捕获了储层中富含CH4也有“TSR”成因的H2S流体的信息;五科一井下志留统黑色硅质岩石英中发现的高密度甲烷包裹体和少量含轻烃包裹体,反映了本区富有机质的下志留统高演化程度的黑色页岩在地质历史中存在高压甲烷和轻烃产出的证据。以上各种高密度甲烷包裹体成因机理和形成的高温度高压力条件,为川东北地区古油藏裂解气和志留系“页岩气”的勘探评价提供了科学依据。     

陆相断陷盆地致密油藏特征与分类

陆相断陷盆地的致密油气成藏条件复杂,储层性质变化多,规模开发的难度很大。根据渤海湾盆地的地质、地球化学、实验分析及生产测试等资料,对比国内外拗陷盆地致密油气藏特点,综合分析断陷盆地致密油气的成藏条件和成藏特征.研究表明断陷盆地生烃洼陷中富有机质泥页岩厚度大,有机质丰度高,成熟度演化范围宽;泥页岩成分复杂或与不同岩性的致密储层频繁互层,形成了丰富的自生自储或近源聚集的致密油气资源.致密油气藏依据油藏储层岩性类型分为致密碎屑岩类油藏、致密碳酸盐岩类油藏、致密火山岩类油藏、泥页岩类油藏4类.致密碳酸盐岩类油藏成藏条件最好,最易于开发.断裂构造附近泥页岩层系的构造裂缝发育区域,也具有良好的成藏条件,是重要的勘探方向.     

海拉尔—塔木察格盆地中部富油凹陷高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层成因及油气勘探意义

海拉尔—塔木察格盆地中部富油凹陷下白垩统铜钵庙组和南屯组广泛发育高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层，并已于其中获得了工业突破，但对其成因机制认识不清。在岩心、薄片、录井和测井等资料综合研究的基础上，结合大量海拉尔—塔木察格盆地及周边地区的火山事件分析，认为中部富油凹陷发育的高含凝灰质碎屑岩的岩石类型主要包括凝灰质砂岩、凝灰质泥岩、凝灰岩和沉凝灰岩。不同时期、不同凹陷高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层发育特点各异，整体来看从铜钵庙组到南屯组储层中的凝灰质含量越来越低，高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层主要发育在铜钵庙组和南一段沉积时期。高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层中的火山物质并非来源于自身断陷期发生的基性火山活动，而是来自于大兴安岭地区大规模的酸性火山喷发事件。海拉尔—塔木察格盆地高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层的成因机制包括两种类型：一种是同沉积期火山灰直接空降入湖型；另一种是同沉积期火山灰先沉降至陆上经河流搬运后再沉积的水携型。高含凝灰质碎屑岩储层中的火山碎屑物质受有机酸作用易于溶蚀，次生孔隙发育，为深部油气成藏提供了有效储层空间，并且火山喷发活动对优质烃源岩的形成具有促进作用，对于油气勘探具有重要意义。     

Three Episodes of Hydrocarbon Generation and Accumulation of Marine Carbonate Strata in Eastern Sichuan Basin, China

It is concluded that there are three hydrocarbon generation and accumulation processes in northeastern Sichuan on the basis of the characteristics of solid bitumen, gas-light oils-heavy oils, homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions and diagenesis for beach- and reef-facies dolomite gas- bearing reservoirs in the Puguang Gas Field, northeastern Sichuan Basin, southern China. The first hydrocarbon generation and accumulation episode occurred in the Indosinian movement （late Middle Triassic）. The sapropelic source rocks of the O3w （Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation）-S1l （Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation） were buried at depths of 2500 m to 3000 m with the paleogeothermal temperature ranging from 70℃ to 95℃, which yielded heavy oil with lower maturity. At the same time, intercrystalline pores, framework pores and corrosion caused by organic acid were formed within the organic reef facies of P2ch （Upper Permian Changxing Formation）. And the first stage of hydrocarbon reservoir occurred, the level of surface porosity of residual solid bitumen {solid bitumen/ （solid bitumen ＋ residual porosity）} was higher than 60%. The second episode occurred during the Middle Yanshanian movement （late Middle Jurassic）. During that period, the mixed organic source rocks were deposited in an intra-platform sag during the Permian and sapropelic source rocks of O3w-S1l experienced a peak stage of crude oil or light oil and gas generation because they were buried at depths of 3500 m to 6800 m with paleogeothermal temperatures of 96-168℃. At that time, the level of surface porosity of residual solid bitumen of the T1f shoal facies reservoirs was between 25% and 35%, and the homogenization temperatures of the first and second stages of fluid inclusions varied from 100℃ to 150℃. The third episode occurred during the Late Yanshanian （Late Cretaceous） to the Himalayan movement. The hydrocarbon reservoirs formed during the T1f and P2ch had the deepest burial of 7700 m to 8700 m and paleogeotemperatu     

准噶尔西北缘车排子-小拐地区二叠系储层及含油性研究

车拐地区二叠系储层岩岩性单一,储集空间发育较好。夏子街组（Ｐ２ｘ）碎屑岩中,自生沸石类矿物溶蚀孔发育,是油气主要储集空间,镜下证实至少有过两次油气运移;佳木河组（Ｐ１ｊ）火山岩和火山碎屑岩主要储集空间为气孔溶孔和构造裂缝,油气运移也有明显的期次。相比而言,佳木河组具有更为有利的储集性能     

青岛八仙墩海相碎屑岩的岩石地球化学特征及其油气研究意义

青岛八仙墩剖面出露了一套海相陆源碎屑沉积层序。这套碎屑岩受崂山花岗岩侵入已经发生变质,岩性以硬砂岩为主,夹有页岩、含锰细砂岩、长石砂岩,富含白云质。这套地层保留了各种原生的沉积构造,发育有浊积岩的底模构造,同沉积变形,水平层理、微粒序层理。岩石地球化学分析结果表明:碎屑岩的SiO_2含量在59.6%～71.6%之间,含量的多少与岩性无相关性;而黑色页岩的Al_2O_3含量变化于12.31%～16.39%之间,多在15%以上,高于灰白色砂岩的含量(普遍小于14.5%)。镜下特征和Al203含量都表明砂岩的成熟度低。除一个样品外,碎屑岩的∑REE含量高,在146.75×10~(-6)～245.78×10~(-6)之间,La在30.35×10~(-6)～61.39×10~(-6)之间,对球粒陨石标准化的(La/Yb)_N在8.68×10~(-6)～21.89×10~(-6)之间。对PASS标准化碎屑岩的(La/Ce)_N值为1.07～1.18,显示了陆源碎屑物质的主要贡献。该地层弱的Ce/Ce*负异常和富含白云质岩层指示了海相沉积环境。主量元素判别图解和微量元素判别图解表明这套碎屑岩具有活动大陆边缘背景和大陆岛弧的共同特征,但高的∑REE含量、La和Ce丰度支持了活动大陆边缘的沉积环境,但有待于采用更准确的重矿物分析来确定其物源区的大地构造性质。这套碎屑岩的出露指示了南黄海盆地深部应有奥陶统盆地相浊积沉积体系的存在,可能具有良好的浊积砂岩油气储层。     

碎屑岩储层中有机包裹体的形成机制研究

有机包裹全的形成与一般无机包裹体的形成可有较大区别，它除了可在矿物结晶过程中形成（象无机包裹体）外，更重要的成因是它可在与岩石相互作用过程中形成，笔者着重对这种新的形成机制进行了分析研究，经研究表明，赋存于碎屑岩储层中石英裂隙，加大边及粒间包裹体，是由于油气（特别是羧酸）溶解了石英及铝硅酸，碳酸盐形成一定空间后，油气充填其中再封闭而成的，这是油一岩反应的结果，不同赋存状态的有机包裹体实际上是同一过     

金衢盆地上白垩统金华组湖相页岩油气地质特征

以金衢盆地白垩系金华组为研究对象,在钻井资料分析的基础上,结合区域沉积背景,通过分析暗色泥页岩有机质丰度、厚度和分布范围,研究和探索了金衢盆地上白垩统金华组湖相页岩油气地质特征。金衢盆地金华组湖相暗色泥页岩样品的有机质丰度特征表明,TOC值一般小于0.5%,属于非烃源岩,个别样品达到1.57%,属于优质烃源岩; 富有机质层段以富砂夹泥型或富泥夹砂型为主,具多产层特征,盆地北部凹陷具备一定的页岩油气勘探潜力。金华组湖相暗色泥页岩主要发育在西北部衢州—龙游沉积中心区,区域较为局限,厚度不均,范围5~100 m,平均孔隙度3.867%,平均最大渗透率0.087 2×10^-3 μm²,属于典型的致密型储层。将富有机质层段砂泥地层作为一个整体进行页岩油气勘探,源储一体是今后陆相页岩油气的重要勘探思路。     

流体包裹体在油气地质地球化学中的应用

流体包裹体研究是油气形成和成藏定量化研究的重要手段。本文总结了油气藏中流体包裹体的地质地球化学意义及其在石油、天然气研究中的应用,探讨了烃源岩和储层流体包裹体在确定源岩演化、沉积环境、有机母质类型、成熟度、油气运移充填期次等方面的应用,指出目前流体包裹体油气地球化学研究应关注的几个前沿方向：①在流体包裹体分析实验技术中,单个包裹体分析技术在油气地质定量化研究中具有重要的作用;②通过有机包裹体自然剖面与模拟实验对比研究烃类流体运移分馏,为建立油气成藏过程地球化学示踪指标提供基础参数;③通过储层中不同期次有机包裹体的化学组成、同位素组成、生物标志化合物与圈闭中已经聚集成藏的油气地球化学特征的对比研究,确定圈闭中油气的成因、来源和充填过程;④有机包裹体成烃作用研究为碳酸盐岩生烃和深层油气成因理论提供依据;这些方向的研究成果为深化油气理论、提高勘探水平具有重要意义。     

南海油气分布特征及主控因素探讨

以最新油气田储量数据为基础,运用统计学与石油地质综合分析相结合的方法,研究表明,南海以气为主,其油、气探明储量分别占总探明储量的38%和62%。总探明储量中:碎屑岩储层油气田所占比例最高,占57%;其次为生物礁碳酸盐岩储层油气田,占36%;前第三系基岩裂缝型储层油气田,占7%。碎屑岩储层油气田主要分布于近物源区域,生物礁储层油气田主要分布于远离物源的台地区,基岩裂缝型储层油气田主要分布于南海西部走滑带控制的盆地中。油气主要分布于中中新统,其次为下中新统与前第三系基岩,它们分别占总探明储量的51%、17%和11%。高地温梯度与烃源岩的有机质类型决定了南海油气资源以气为主,盆地类型的差异决定了南海南部油气资源较北部丰富。盆地构造演化史和周边古水系控制了南海油气田储集类型和时空分布。     

Organic matter maturity and oil/gas prospects in Middle-Upper Proterozoic and Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks in northern China

Middle-Upper Proterozoic and Lower Paleozoic carbonate formations in northern China are well developed with an accumulative thickness of 6000–1400 m. Both seepages and oils have been found in the outcrops and drilling wells. The maturity of organic matter in these carbonate formations in obviously lower than that in southern China, as viewed from reflectance (R°), H/C (atomic ratio), the amount and distribution of hydrocarbons,T _max°C and so on.T _max°C may be used as a principal index for determining the maturity of organic matter in carbonate rock-covered areas. According to the results of themeasurement ofT _max°C andR° for natural samples and simulating experiments on bitumens from carbonate rocks, the limitation values for oil and gas have been estimated at 455°C (R°=1.35) and 476°C(R°=2.25), respectively. On this basis, the map of organic matter maturity for the Middle-Upper Proterozoic, Ordovician, Cambrian and Carboniferous of northern China has been compiled. It has been proposed that prospects of both oil and gas are expected, with oil and condensate dominant in the Ordovician, and condensate and dry gas in the Middle-Upper Proterozoic. The Cambrian is intermediate between them.     

黄骅坳陷三马地区中深层储层孔隙发育及主控因素分析

本文根据储集岩样品的显微特征，分析了黄骅坳陷三马地区下第三系中一深部储层中孔隙的成因类型、微观特征及演化规律。研究表明，研究区储层孔隙演化具有明显的阶段性，可划分为原生孔隙、混合孔隙及次生孔隙3个发育带。中一深部储层中原生孔隙所占比例很小，以次生孔隙为主，随埋藏增大，次生孔隙所占比例相应增加。中深部储层中主要分布3个次生孔隙发育带，其深度分别为3200～3500m，3600～4000m，4200～4500m。次生孔隙类型主要为粒间溶孔和粒内溶孔，也可见到铸模孔和微裂缝。导致原始孔隙降低的主要原因为压实和胶结作用，次生孔隙形成机理主要包括长石、方解石的溶解作用和矿物的转化等。本文还讨论了储层岩相、岩性特征、地层水中有机酸浓度的改变、早期方解石的充填、烃类注入、异常高压及微裂缝等地质与地球化学因素对中深部储层成岩作用和次生孔隙形成与分布的控制作用。