西秦岭造山带北缘大草滩群物源研究——LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄证据

选取甘肃东部西秦岭造山带北缘晚泥盆世大草滩群碎屑岩为研究对象,运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年代学方法,探讨大草滩群的物质来源。结果表明,大草滩群碎屑锆石年龄谱明显分为4组:422～518Ma、756～887Ma、1100～1231Ma和2417～2736Ma。其中,422～518Ma的年龄数据约占总体的67%,所占比例最大,年龄相对集中,且呈现出最强烈的峰值,其余年龄段所占比例则较少。422～518Ma年龄组分指示其物源可能以邻近地区的西秦岭北缘构造带和北祁连造山带为主,该组分年龄是加里东期中南祁连和西秦岭微地块分别向北俯冲、碰撞产生的一系列火成岩在造山剥蚀后的沉积响应。碎屑锆石同位素年龄中756～887Ma年龄组分反映其物源可能来自祁连造山带和西秦岭北缘构造带。1100～1231Ma年龄组分反映其物源可能主要来自祁连造山带。2417～2736Ma年龄组分反映了物源来自北祁连造山带和西秦岭北缘构造带的结晶基底,部分物源也有可能来自于华北板块基底。综合分析显示,大草滩群碎屑沉积物质来源较为复杂,具有明显的多元性,存在西秦岭北缘构造带、祁连造山带和华北板块基底3个物源区,祁连造山带和西秦岭北缘构造带对大草滩群的沉积有重大的物源贡献。两者相比较,祁连造山带应为大草滩群最主要的物源区。     

东秦岭-大别造山带南侧中生代砂岩碎屑组分及其构造意义

利用Dickinson、Suczek等人建立的砂岩碎屑模型,对东秦岭-大别造山带南侧中生代盆地碎屑岩的组分特征进行研究,分析碎屑岩的物源区类型,认为中生代砂岩物源主要来自东秦岭-大别造山带、龙门山、江南逆冲带,具有明显的再旋回造山带属性,碎屑组分变化序列是盆缘造山带3期逆冲活动的沉积响应。通过分析中生代砂岩碎屑组分的构造意义,探讨了东秦岭-大别造山带中生代的构造演化及其盆山耦合关系。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部上古生界碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地西南部晚古生代山西组1段和下石盒子组8段碎屑锆石进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年分析,结合周缘地层年龄结构和地质历史事件,进而追寻盆地沉积物物源,推断盆地与造山带的盆山耦合过程。研究表明105个岩浆成因的碎屑锆石可分为4个年龄组段:(1)260~340 Ma,占总数的21.9%,推断物源主要来自北秦岭和西秦岭构造带;(2)370~470 Ma,占总数的24.8%,反映物源主要来自北秦岭、西秦岭构造带和北祁连造山带;(3)1600~2000 Ma,占总数的32.4%,指示物源来自北秦岭造山带、北祁造山带和华北板块;(4)2300~2600 Ma,占总数的15.2%,物源分别来自华北板块基底结晶岩系、北祁连构造带、北秦岭构造带和西秦岭构造带。研究区总体上具有来自北秦岭造山带、西秦岭造山带、北祁连造山带、兴蒙造山带及华北板块基底五个物源区,其中兴蒙造山带、北秦岭造山带和北祁连造山带为主要物源区。古生代碎屑锆石年龄证实了鄂尔多斯盆地西南部奥陶纪被动大陆边缘形成,志留纪—泥盆纪转化为陆-陆碰撞造山带,石炭纪—二叠纪逐渐由造山带转化为沉积盆地。     

安徽肥西中生代碎屑岩地球化学特征及其对物源制约

位于合肥盆地南部安徽肥西地区的中生代地层，包括防虎山组、园筒山组和周公山组，主要由砂岩组成。虽然初步研究表明物源主要来自大别造山带，但是，进一步限制物源区类型、建立和大别山造山带构造单元之间的对应关系、查清大别山造山带和华北陆块作为物源在研究区的影响范围，具有重要地质意义。本文根据砂岩主元素、REE和微量元素研究表明，研究区砂岩主要是杂砂岩、岩屑砂岩和长石砂岩，主元素含量比较接近晚元古代造山带砂岩。砂岩非常一致的REE模型，基本显示了同一的物源和相同的构造背景。REE和微量元素特征显示肥西地区中生代砂岩物源主要为佛子岭群和卢镇关群，大别杂岩的影响比较局限，更没有来自华北克拉通的物质。同时，在中生代，大别山造山带的物源没有影响到华北陆块南部沉积。Th-Co-Zr／10和Th-Sc-Zr／10判别图以及微量元素比值都支持碎屑岩的物源形成于大陆岛弧构造背景，这不仅验证了已有的结论，同时也揭示了在造山带周缘盆地中碎屑岩地球化学特征具有构造背景的继承性。     

大别造山带构造归属：海西期以来地幔化学成分特征证据

通过对海西湘以来幔源岩石化学成分（特别是高度不相容元素对比值和具有相似性质的元素对比值）研究并与相邻构造单元（扬子板块北缘，华北板块南缘，北秦岭带，南秦岭带）地幔特征对比表明，大别造山带中海西期春秋庙－王母观辉长岩，碰撞后晚燕山早期镁铁－超镁铁质岩体（包括南，北大别造山带）以及产于大别造山带南部和扬子地块北缘的晚燕山晚期碱性玄武岩源区地，均具有富Sc,Cu,贫MgO，低Zr/Hf和高Rb/Sr,Ba/Sr,Ba/La,Nb/Ta,Yb/Hf等特征，源区地幔的这些特点与元古宙以来扬子地幔特征相似，而与华北地幔特征存在显著区别，反映大别造山带发育在扬子地幔上，根据大量的地质学，构造地质学，岩石学，地球物理及地球化学等研究结果，指出桐柏－商城－磨子潭－晓天断裂带是秦岭造山带中商丹断裂带的东延，综合研究证实大别造山带主体属南秦岭的组成部分。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部二叠系砂岩碎屑锆石年代学特征及地质意义

陆源碎屑岩物质来源及变化与沉积盆地及构造演化密切相关。通过对鄂尔多斯盆地南部铜川地区晚古生代二叠系山西组、石盒子组及石千峰组砂岩样品岩石薄片鉴定、定量矿物学分析以及碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学分析,结合古流向特征,对物源进行了追溯,并讨论了盆地南部二叠系的构造—沉积过程。研究结果表明,早二叠世山西组碎屑锆石年龄具364 Ma、450 Ma、946Ma和2 446 Ma四个主要峰值;中二叠世下石盒子组碎屑锆石年龄具294 Ma、1 963.4 Ma和2 499 Ma三个主要峰值;晚二叠世石千峰组碎屑锆石年龄主要峰值出现在1 876.5 Ma,缺乏北秦岭造山带的新元古代和早古生代碎屑锆石记录。分析认为山西组主要物源区为北秦岭造山带,次要物源区为华北南缘构造带;石盒子组物源由北秦岭造山带、华北板块南缘构造带和内蒙古隆起西段共同提供;石千峰组物源区为华北南缘构造带。早二叠世山西期,华北南缘隆起幅度较低,不影响北秦岭造山带供源。石盒子期,勉略洋由被动拉张转换为主动挤压,秦岭造山带处于持续隆升状态,并造成了华北南缘构造带的不断抬升。石千峰期华北南缘强烈隆升,在为铜川地区提供物源的同时也阻挡了北秦岭造山带...     

北淮阳盆岭带的构造演化与铀成矿

北淮阳盆岭构造带是大别造山带的重要组成部分。佛子岭岩群代表了早古生代扬子地块北缘大别古岛弧弧前海盆的火山沉积建造,在加里东运动陆块对接过程中变形变质。石炭系梅山群具磨拉石建造特征。在华力西印支期陆内俯冲褶皱带的基础上,燕山期沿桐柏桐城断裂伸展北移,近东西向断陷盆地发育,形成盆岭构造景观。南侧大别山强烈隆升,铸就了现今大别山变质核杂岩构造格局。中生代岩浆活动是区内重要铀源,具有成矿潜力的地质体是响洪甸正长岩体和北带粗面质火山碎屑岩     

贺兰山地区中奥陶统樱桃沟组物源及构造背景分析

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘贺兰山地区的樱桃沟组发育一套夹有碳酸盐滑塌重力流沉积的陆源碎屑岩。由于缺少可靠的物源数据,对早古生代鄂尔多斯盆地西缘的构造背景尚未有定论。本文对樱桃沟组碎屑岩进行了地球化学及岩石学分析,砂岩碎屑组分特征表明,该组源区大地构造背景为再旋回造山带。常量元素和微量元素地球化学特征表明樱桃沟组的物源呈现双物源的特点。更进一步,樱桃沟组的稀土元素配分模式对比表明了樱桃沟组碎屑岩的物源来自阿拉善古陆和/或北祁连造山带。综合分析砂岩的常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素的地球化学特征,经构造判别图解,认为樱桃沟组物源区主要为主动大陆边缘,也有来自被动大陆边缘的信息,表明贺兰山地区业已受到北祁连早古生代造山带的影响。樱桃沟组与研究区周缘造山带稀土元素配分模式对比研究显示,前者与其北西部阿拉善古陆和南西部北祁早古生代连造山带花岗岩露头稀土元素配分模式一致,均表现为轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的右倾模式,具有轻微的Eu负异常和明显的Tm负异常,结合中奥陶世鄂尔多斯西缘古水流和碎屑锆石年龄分布特征,认为樱桃沟组的物源主要来自祁连造山带,部分来自阿拉善古陆。     

祁连造山带东段早古生代葫芦河群变质碎屑岩中碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄:源区特征和沉积时代的限定

祁连造山带东段葫芦河群的形成时代长期存在争议。选择葫芦河群变质碎屑岩为研究对象,运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年代学方法,探讨葫芦河群的形成时代和物源特征。结果表明,葫芦河群的2个样品碎屑锆石同位素年龄数据以及侵入其中的花岗岩同位素年龄表明,葫芦河群沉积时代限定为447～434Ma,其主体形成时代为早志留世。葫芦河群变质碎屑锆石年龄谱明显分为4组:(1)震旦纪—早古生代年龄组,426～595Ma,峰值为479Ma;(2)新元古代年龄组,738～981 Ma,峰值为887 Ma;(3)中元古代年龄组,1000～1 913Ma,峰值为1499Ma;(4)古元古代—新太古代年龄组,2053～2 872Ma,峰值为2448Ma。其中,早古生代年龄组可进一步细分为426～493 Ma和527～595 Ma两个年龄段,峰值分别为445 Ma和559Ma,前者年龄段指示其物源可能以邻近地区的北祁连造山带和西秦岭北缘构造带为主,是加里东期中南祁连和西秦岭微地块分别向北俯冲、碰撞产生的一系列火成岩在造山剥蚀后的沉积响应;后者年龄段则与北祁连造山带和西秦岭北缘构造带中泛非造山事件中的岩浆活动有关。新元古代年龄组可细分为738～799Ma、839～862Ma和902～981Ma 3个年龄段,峰值分别为768Ma、848Ma和948Ma,以902～981Ma年龄组为主;第一年龄段(738～799Ma)与北祁连造山带新元古代晚期岩浆事件的年龄大致相对应,与Rodi-nia超大陆的裂解事件相关;第二年龄段和第三年龄段(839～862 Ma、902～981 Ma)与中祁连地区和西秦岭北缘的新元古代早期构造岩浆事件年龄大致相对应,与Rodinia超大陆汇聚事件及岛弧型岩浆作用相关。中元古代年龄组可细分为1 000～1 197Ma和1 243～1 913Ma 2个年龄段,峰值分别为1 036Ma和1 593Ma,其物源可能来自祁连造山带和华北板块基底岩系。古元古代—新太古代年龄组反映了物源来自北祁连造山带和西秦岭北缘构造带的结晶基底,部分物源也有可能来自于华北板块基底岩系。综合分析显示,葫芦河群碎屑沉积物质来源较为复杂,具有明显的多元性,存在祁连造山带、西秦岭北缘构造带和华北板块基底3个物源区,其中祁连造山带和西秦岭北缘构造带提供了大部分物源,而祁连造山带应为葫芦河群贡献最大的物源区。     

长江中下游地区早古生代沉积岩地球化学特征及其构造背景与物源分析

长江中下游地区位于扬子板块北缘,自晋宁期结束至晚三叠世一直接受长期而稳定的沉积。粉砂岩和泥岩的主量、微量和稀土元素(REE)分析表明,研究区早古生代沉积岩的源岩主要来自大陆上地壳,物源区岩石类型主要为长英质沉积岩和火成岩,以及少量基性岩,构造背景为主动和被动大陆边缘。样品具有非常一致的REE配分曲线,表明研究区早古生代沉积物具有稳定且均一的物源。综合微量和稀土元素特征以及前人获得的Nd同位素模式年龄,判断长江中下游地区早古生代沉积岩物源区主要为北淮阳地块卢镇关群,而与上溪群、大别造山带和崆岭群没有联系。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the