辽宁红透山铜锌块状硫化物矿床的变质变形和成矿组分再活化

辽宁红透山铜-锌块状硫化物产在太古宙绿岩带中，矿床形成后经历了强烈的变形和变质，变质程度达高级角闪岩相。野外和显微镜研究表明，矿石在进变质过程中发生过强烈的机械再活化和重结晶，但各种进变质结构大部分已被变质峰期的全面重结晶所清除，目前保存着的结构主要是变质峰期和退变质过程的产物。退变质过程以黄铁矿变斑晶生长、矿石糜棱岩的形成、二次退火和化学再活化为特征。矿床中高度富集铜和金的矿石是韧性剪切形成的矿石糜棱岩受退变质流体叠加而成。磁黄铁矿主要是同生沉积后重结晶的产物，另有一部分由退变质热液形成，而黄铁矿变斑晶则有沉积一重结晶、磁黄铁矿退变质脱硫和热液叠加多种成因。世界各地块状硫化物矿床中的磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿各有三种成因类型。磁黄铁矿的类型有：同生沉积．变质重结晶、同生沉积黄铁矿变质和退变质热液充填或交代；黄铁矿的类型有：同生沉积-变质重结晶、磁黄铁矿退变质脱硫和退变质热液充填或交代。红透山矿区的退变质流体具有从早到晚氧逸度升高的趋势。     

辽宁树基沟铜锌矿床成矿时代——来自斜长角闪片麻岩锆石U-Pb同位素的制约

树基沟铜锌矿是产于华北地台北缘东段花岗-绿岩带中与火山岩有关的块状硫化物矿床.本次运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年技术获得赋矿围岩斜长角闪片麻岩原岩结晶年龄为2564±2 Ma,可近似代表树基沟铜锌矿成矿时代.根据已发表的幔部锆石U-Pb年龄（2517~2529 Ma）,认为树基沟铜锌矿经后期鞍山运动发生变质变形活化迁移.结合赋矿围岩地球化学特征及演化过程,推测树基沟铜锌矿的成因是板块俯冲引起地幔部分熔融形成富含贱金属岩浆,岩浆向上运移、会聚、喷发、固结成岩,后经海水淋滤成矿元素向渗透性差的部位下渗富集,并沿着深渗透性的断裂构造喷出地表,热流体与海水相互作用成矿,而后经变质变形作用的产物.     

新疆阿舍勒VMS型铜锌矿床元素活化富集作用初步研究

新疆阿舍勒铜锌矿床位于阿尔泰增生型造山带南缘阿舍勒盆地内,受褶皱控制的透镜状矿体产于阿舍勒组地层中,矿体与围岩一起发生协和变形。成矿过程可分为两个成矿期:以条带状–块状矿石为代表的VMS成矿期和以脉状矿石为代表的热液成矿期。局部可见脉状矿石切穿条带状矿石,表明热液成矿期明显晚于VMS成矿期。大部分VMS成矿期矿石同生沉积特征保存较好。脉状矿石穿插条带状矿石时,会出现硫化物矿物颗粒变粗的现象,并伴随定向构造、压力影构造、碎裂结构、变斑晶结构、交代残余结构和港湾交代结构等现象。以上证据表明,后期变质变形导致矿石中局部硫化物品位提高。脉状矿石中的石英广泛发育流体包裹体,可分为水溶液包裹体(W型)、纯CO2包裹体(PC型)、CO2-H2O包裹体(C型)及含子矿物多相包裹体(S型)四类。显微测温表明,均一温度集中在220~280℃,流体盐度集中于4%~8%Na Cleqv之间。激光拉曼结果证实,流体包裹体中普遍富含CO2,甚至出现少量纯液相和纯气相的CO2包裹体。脉状矿石成矿流体具有中温、低盐度和富CO2的特征,与造山型金矿的变质流体特征一致。联系区域构造演化历史,晚古生代洋陆俯冲背景有利于形成VMS型矿石,而印支期碰撞拼贴过程的变形–变质流体作用导致阿舍勒铜锌矿床进一步加富。因此,新疆阿舍勒铜锌矿可作为变质加富VMS型矿床的典例,区域上火山岩地层和褶皱复合部位是寻找此类矿床的理想靶区。     

安徽铜陵冬瓜山矿床中磁黄铁矿矿石结构特征及其成因意义

安徽铜陵冬瓜山矿床是长江中下游地区具有代表性的大型层状硫化物矿床,磁黄铁矿为矿床中的主要硫化物矿物.该矿床主要由层状硫化物矿体组成,伴有矽卡岩型和斑岩型矿体.在层状矿体上部,磁黄铁矿主要为块状构造,而层状矿体下部,磁黄铁矿多为层纹状、条带状构造,具有显著的沉积结构构造特征.野外地质观察及室内矿相学研究表明,层状矿体中磁黄铁矿矿石遭受了强烈的变质作用及热液交代作用.进变质过程中形成的结构主要为胶黄铁矿转变为黄铁矿以及进一步变质转变为磁黄铁矿、磁铁矿时形成的交代残留结构.退变质过程则以磁黄铁矿的退火、黄铁矿变斑晶的生长和单纯六方磁黄铁矿的形成为特征.岩浆热液对单纯六方磁黄铁矿的交代作用形成了单斜和六方磁黄铁矿的交生结构.这些结构特征表明层状矿体中的磁黄铁矿并不是岩浆热液成因,而主要为石炭纪同生沉积胶黄铁矿、黄铁矿在燕山期岩浆侵入所引起的热变质作用下脱硫所形成,并在热变质作用之后又受到岩浆热液的叠加交代.磁黄铁矿的结构特征显示冬瓜山矿床的形成经历了同生沉积、热变质、热液交代等多个阶段,支持其为同生沉积-叠加改造型矿床.     

太钢峨口铁矿硫化物的类型构造特征及成因浅析

峨口铁矿石中的硫化物主要有四种类型,星点状散布于矿石中的硫化物,细脉状硫化物;后期石英脉型硫,包体态硫化物,其结构主要有粒状变晶结构,交代充填结构,港湾状结构,交代残余结构,构造主要为：星点状,脉状,条带状构造,硫化物的形成期分为四期,变质期,变质期后热液,后期热液,表生期。     

辽宁红透山埠状硫化物矿床中沉积磁黄铁矿的变质和流体作用

辽宁红透山太古宙状硫化物型铜－锌矿床经历过高角闪岩相变质作用，矿石结构表明，矿床中的磁黄铁矿主要是海底喷流沉积后受到变质退火和重结晶的产物，在进变质过程中形成的磁黄铁矿的变形结构绝大部分已被峰期变质作用所清除，目前所见到的变形结构和矿石糜棱岩主要是退变质阶段的产物，流体的存在促进了磁黄铁矿的变形和退火，退变质流体以较高的氧逸度为特征。     

辽宁红透山块状硫化物矿床中沉积磁黄铁矿的变质和流体作用

辽宁红透山太古宙块状硫化物型铜-锌矿床经历过高角闪岩相变质作用。矿石结构研究表明,矿床中的磁黄铁矿主要是海底喷流沉积后受到变质退火和重结晶的产物。在进变质过程中形成的磁黄铁矿的变形结构绝大部分已被峰期变质作用所清除,目前所见到的变形结构和矿石糜棱岩主要是退变质阶段的产物。流体的存在促进了磁黄铁矿的变形和退火。退变质流体以较高的氧逸度为特征。     

钠长岩类地质地球化学特征及变质变形与铜矿的形成——以四川会理拉拉铜矿床为例

本文论述了拉铜矿区钠长岩类的地质地球化学特征及变质变形与铜矿的形成,伴随前寒纪的构造运动,拉拉地区经历了NWW向的剪切变形,使钠长岩产生碎裂－糜棱岩化作用,形成碎裂结构,碎斑结构,显微眼球构造,压力影,云母鱼等,这些结构构造的形成使岩石孔隙度增加,起到找容作用,由沿近东西向主断裂侵位的辉绿辉长岩体提供的含矿流体及区域变质中产生的变质热变质热液沿钠长岩的碎裂－糜材构造充填交代,在其产生多种蚀变的同时,铜、钼、钴硫化物沉淀成矿,形成钠长岩型浸染状铜矿石或脉状－网脉状铜矿石。在金云母化较强地段,在变质作用下,形成片岩型铜矿石,因而总体上,拉拉铜矿属动力变质热液型铜矿床。     

石榴石Lu-Hf、原位独居石U-Pb定年对多期变形的时代制约——以北祁连托勒牧场为例

多期变质变形事件的精确年代限定是造山构造年代学研究的热点问题之一。本文尝试运用面理弯切轴测量技术,结合石榴石Lu-Hf和原位独居石U-Pb定年,厘定北祁连托勒牧场地区石榴石和斜长石斑晶记录的两期构造变形事件:石榴石斑晶生长记录的早期构造变形事件年代为512.3±2.7Ma;斜长石斑晶生长记录的晚期构造变形事件年代不早于481.0±2.3Ma,并推断该期构造变形水平挤压主应力方向为北东-南西。斜长石斑晶内未发现独居石,用于年代学测试的独居石颗粒均位于斜长石斑晶外基质中。显微构造分析认为,独居石生长不早于斜长石斑晶。481.0±2.3Ma的独居石U-Pb年龄,应为斜长石斑晶所记录构造变形的时代下限。结合前人锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素研究结果分析认为,获得的512.3±2.7Ma石榴石-全岩Lu-Hf等时线年龄,代表了祁连洋俯冲过程中石榴石的生长时间,后期变质变形作用未对石榴石的Lu-Hf同位素体系产生明显影响。结合显微构造分析,石榴石Lu-Hf定年可为早期构造变形提供有效年代学制约。     

辽河群变质泥质岩中变质重结晶作用和变形作用的关系

辽河群变泥质岩中变斑晶种类繁多,有的具多个世代。同位素年代学证据表明它们都形成于吕梁变质期。通过２０００多块薄片的详细显微构造分析,将吕梁变质期分成四个变质阶段。变斑晶微构造揭示Ｍ１发生于变形前埋藏过程中,Ｍ２、Ｍ３属进变质阶段,Ｍ４为退变阶段。变斑晶在各变质阶段以完整或不完整的基本结晶序列周期性地出现,成核具阶段性,生长既有阶段性的又有具连续性的。变斑晶在不同的变形条件下,具有不同的变形行为,如旋转与非旋转性。变斑晶的时空分布规律揭示,Ｍ２期间垂向递增变质带与Ｄ１伸展构造样式密切相关;Ｍ３期间侧向递增变质带样式与收缩挤压褶皱样式一致。     

Ore textures and remobilization mechanisms of the Hongtoushan copper–zinc deposit,Liaoning, China

The Hongtoushan copper–zinc deposit is a volcanic-associated massive sulfide deposit in the Archean greenstone belt in Liaoning, China. Polymetamorphism has resulted in changes to the composition and textures of minerals in the deposit, along with remobilization. During metamorphism, the original alteration minerals that formed with the ore minerals, such as chlorite and sericite, were transformed into cordierite, anthophyllite, and phlogopite. After further remobilization, new minerals, such as gahnite and actinolite, were formed. In this process, the original textures were destroyed and new textures were formed, including recrystallization and growth textures, brittle and ductile deformation textures, durchbewegung textures, replacement textures, chalcopyrite disease, and retrograde textures. The ore-forming components underwent two periods of remobilization. In the first (early) stage, mechanical remobilization was important, and formed a high grade Cu–Zn–Au–Ag “ore pillar” along the vertical hinge of a synformal fold. In the second (late) stage, the mixed hydrothermal–mechanical remobilization affected the ores, and was typically characterized by matrix sulfides, together with silicate minerals, moving from the matrix into individual fractured pyrite metablasts and replacing them to varying degrees.     

Effects of greenschist-facies metamorphism and related deformation on the Mobrun massive sulfide deposit,Québec,Canada

The Mobrun Zn-Cu-Ag-Au deposit in the Noranda mining camp is hosted by Archean mafic and felsic submarine volcanic rocks. The deposit comprises three massive sulfide complexes: the Main and Satellite Lenses near surface, and the 1100 orebody at depth. The rocks have been subjected to lower greenschist-facies metamorphism and related deformation, which resulted in changes in ore textures, development of shear zones and veins systems, remobilization of gold, and formation of a new mineral (electrum) within the orebodies. Both mechanical and chemical processes operated to produce secondary textures and structures resulting from brittle deformation, ductile deformation, and annealing. The specific deformation mechanisms include brittle failure and cataclastic flow, dislocation glide, dislocation creep and solution-precipitation creep. The Main and Satellite Lenses are characterized by excellent preservation of primary sulfides deposited from and reworked by synvolcanic hydrothermal fluids. These orebodies were affected to a limited degree by mechanical processes of deformation. In contrast, the 1100 orebody is characterized by a higher degree of development of textures and structures related to metamorphism and deformation, especially those formed by chemical processes. The differences may be due to the greater depth of the 1100 orebody relative to the other lenses, as regional metamorphic isograds are subhorizontal, and more extensive interaction between metamorphic fluids and the 1100 Lens.     

Pyrrhotite Textures and Their Genetic Implications in the Hongtoushan Massive Sulphide Deposit,Liaoning Province,China

The Archaean massive sulphide Cu-Zn deposit at Hongtoushan has been metamorphosed to upper amphibolite facies.An investigation on ore textures shows that pyrrhotite in the deposit was originally produced by submarine exhalation,and subsequently metamorphosed,annealed and recrystallised.Deformation textures formed by progressive metamorphism of pyrrhotite were erased almost completely under peak conditions,and the presently-existing deformation textures and ore mylonites are largely resultant from diaphthoresis.Deformation and annealing of pyrrhotite could have been enhanced by fluds.Retrogressive fluids are characterized by high oxygen fugacity.     

湖南沃溪钨-锑-金矿床的矿石组构学特征及其成因意义

通过对湖南沃溪矿床的宏观至微观尺度上的矿石组构学研究，揭示出矿床系同生热水沉积成因。层状矿体、细脉状矿化以及围岩蚀变之间的空间关系，指示了矿石与其所赋存的围岩同时形成。矿床形成后的变质—变形作用，主要使矿物发生重结晶、碎裂、位错以及小范围的再活化等。     

西昆仑苦阿金铜铁矿地质特征及成因类型探讨

石炭系阿羌岩组为本区的矿源层.灰绿色糜棱岩化强蚀变安山岩、英安岩夹中层状大理岩的绿岩组合是本区的主要含矿层位,矿体在空间分布上有明显的层控特点,是本区最具找矿意义的地层.从矿区地层岩性、变质作用、岩浆作用、脆-韧性变形作用等主要控矿因素综合分析,成矿物质来源于火山活动和沉积作用,后经变质作用和岩浆作用的改造,形成绿岩带中与火山-沉积作用有关的沉积变质型金、铜、铁矿床,同时经脆-韧性变形,具有构造蚀变岩型金铜和磁铁矿型金铁铜共生的特征,区域变质、岩浆热液、韧性剪切共同作用促使了本矿床的形成.认为本矿床属于多型共生的多元矿床.     

拉日玛金矿床构造动力作用定位成矿特征研究

本文在对拉日玛金矿床区域地质背景、矿床构造基本特征研究的基础上，同步运用激光光弹模拟实验、动态重结晶石英、石英位错密度、应变藻球粒等方法与手段，对矿床构造不同变形区段、不同位置的构造能量、古应力（动力）的分布及作用，进行了配套研究。结果表明：成矿元素的活化、成矿流体运移势、矿体定位，固然受构造变形空间的控制，更为重要的是构造动力作用参与了成矿，并受动力作用强、弱的支配。因此，对于金矿床的形成而论，构造动力作用是决定的主因。     

Structural controls on carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn mineralization in the Dongmozhazhua deposit,central Tibet

Fault zones control the locations of many ore deposits, but the ore-forming processes in such fault zones are poorly understood. We have studied the deformation and ore textures associated with fault zones that controlled the lead–zinc mineralization of the Dongmozhazhua deposit, central Tibet, ∼100 km southwest of Yushu City. Geological mapping shows that the structural framework of the Dongmozhazhua area is defined by NW–SE-trending reverse faults and superposed folds that indicate at least two stages of deformation. The first stage is characterized by tight nearly E–W-striking folds that formed during the closure of the Jinshajiang Paleo-Tethyan Ocean in the Triassic. The second stage of deformation produced NW–SE-trending reverse faults and related structures of the Fenghuoshan–Nangqian fold-and-thrust belt associated with India–Asia collision in the late Eocene to Oligocene. Scanline surveys along the ore-controlling fault zones show an internal structure that comprises a damage zone, a breccia zone with clasts that have become rounded, and a breccia zone with lenticular clasts, and this complex architecture was formed during at least two compressional substages of deformation. The Pb–Zn mineralization in the Dongmozhazhua area occurs exclusively close to NW–SE-trending reverse fault zones. Microtextural observations reveal that mineralization occurred as veinlets and disseminated blebs in limestone clasts, and as continuous bands and cements in fractured rocks. Cataclastic sulfide grains also can be seen in the matrix of some fault zones. The types of mineralization differ with structural position. The fillings of the ore-bearing veinlets typify the products of hydraulic fracture and both types of mineralization took place concurrently with regional contraction. We consider, therefore, that the ore-bearing fluids in the Dongmozhazhua deposit were concentrated in fault zones during regional compression and that the ore minerals were precipitated during hydraulic fracturing of host rocks. Subsequent fault activity pulverized some pre-existing sulfide material into cataclastic grains in the matrix of a tectonic breccia that developed in the same faults.     

小秦岭地区金矿成矿机理分析

小秦岭成矿带是我国重要的贵金属成矿带之一，区域成矿地质背景和成矿条件显示了该区良好的资源潜力。金矿受地层、构造和岩浆岩控制，具有“三位一体”的成矿模式。成矿过程复杂，太古宙太华群为成矿提供了物质基础，区域变质作用使金发生初次富集；早期自北而南的挤压形成规模巨大的推覆构造为含金石英脉的生成提供了有利空间；燕山期构造-岩浆活动对金的活化、迁移、富集起主导作用。金成矿温度属中低温热液矿床，围岩蚀变简单，成矿具有多阶段、多成因等复合型特征。矿床成因为动热再造多元热液型。通过对该区综合研究工作的不断深入，初步显示开展小秦岭地区深部找矿工作具有重要的现实意义。     

哈达门沟金矿床构造应力场演化及控矿规律分析

以矿区构造节理统计分析为基础,结合矿区地质特征及区域构造演化,分析了哈达门沟金矿区构造控矿特征及应力场演化。认为山前"钾化带"与矿体就位直接相关,它沟通了复式褶皱核部的隐伏岩体与浅部节理,并成为流体运移的主要通道。与成矿控矿有关的构造应力场可分为四期:第一期变形在新太古代的乌拉山旋回,最大主应力σ1方位15°～195°,共轭节理为NNW和NE向;在成岩、变质作用同时进行下除形成了区内透入性的强塑性叠加小褶皱外还有整体上的大型复背斜。第二期构造应力场作用时间在晚古生代,σ1方位约在160°～340°,形成近SN和NE向共轭节理和西侧的大桦背岩体,这一期有局部的矿化现象;前两期应力场形成了轴向近EW向的叠加褶皱、断裂和两期共轭剪节理等成矿前主要构造。第三期应力场处于主成矿期,变形为燕山运动中、晚期构造,σ1在290°方位近水平扭压,形成EW和NW向共轭剪节理;张扭性应力场使近EW向的节理弯曲变形,并形成追踪张节理,这两类裂隙成为主要的矿液通道及容矿空间。第四期构造应力场应在晚燕山运动及以后,为成矿后构造变形,σ1近直立,整体抬升使矿脉遭受剥蚀而出露地表。