青藏高原冈底斯带中段花岗岩类及其中铁镁质微粒包体地球化学特征

青藏高原冈底斯带花岗岩及其中铁镁质微粒包体地球化学研究表明,冈底斯花岗岩带岩石类型是钙碱性、中铝质的。１０对花岗岩及包体的地球化学分析结果表明,ＳｉＯ２与Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＣａＯ、ＭｇＯ、ＦｅＯＴ都是呈线性降低的趋势、二元素散点图及共分母图（如Ｌａ－Ｃｅ,Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ,Ｔｈ－Ｌａ,Ｌａ－Ｂａ,Ｔｈ／Ｙｂ－Ｔａ／Ｙｂ,Ｚｒ／Ｙ－Ｚｒ,Ｃｓ－Ｒｂ,ＳｉＯ２－Ｚｒ／ＴｉＯ２）具有不同程度的直线变异关系,而花岗岩及包体的同位素地球化学表明花岗岩中含有大量幔源组分,说明与岩浆混合作用及（或）成分分异有关。花岗岩及包体的常量元素、微量及稀土元素、同位素地球化学特征显示两者具有同源性。     

西藏冈底斯带西部达雄岩体的岩石成因:锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素约束

对出露于冈底斯西部地区措勤北部达瓦错东侧的达雄岩体进行了锆石U-Pb定年、全岩主量元素、微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素和锆石Hf同位素研究,以约束其岩石成因。达雄岩体的主体岩性为花岗闪长岩,其中发育大量闪长质包体。花岗闪长岩的锆石LA-ICP MS年龄为107±1Ma,该年龄代表了岩体结晶年龄。花岗闪长岩锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值变化于-1.0～3.0,两阶段模式年龄变化于974～1226Ma。花岗闪长岩富硅(SiO_2=70.65%～71.10%),富钙(CaO=3.21%-3.26%)、贫钾(K_2O= 2.81%～2.99%)、低P_2O_5(0.09%),铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为1.01～1.02,属于偏铝质花岗岩或弱过铝质花岗岩。闪长质包体Sio_2含量为57.84%,与寄主岩相比,闪长质包体更富CaO、MgO、TFe_2O_3和TiO_2。花岗闪长岩和闪长质包体均属中钾钙碱性系列,ε_(Nd)(t)值分别为-4.6和-3.2,两阶段模式年龄(t_(DM2))相近(分别为1277Ma和1166Ma),并与锆石Hf同位素模式年龄一致。岩相学、年代学和地球化学研究表明闪长质包体可能是由岩浆混合作用形成的镁铁质微粒包体。我们的初步研究成果似乎表明,冈底斯中西部地区在早白垩世晚期(～110Na)很可能存在一次重要的岩浆混合作用,这一初步认识对研究冈底斯中北部地区规模宏大的白垩纪岩浆作用的深部动力学过程具有重要意义。     

冈底斯曲水岩基斜长石嵌晶结构对岩浆补给过程的启示

藏南冈底斯岩浆带经历了中生代俯冲-增生造山作用和新生代碰撞造山作用，是研究大陆地壳生长与演化的理想场所。位于冈底斯岩浆带中段的早始新世曲水岩基，主要由花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、闪长岩及辉长岩等组成。前人已经在年代学、地球化学等方面对曲水岩基进行了大量研究。然而，对于岩基的形成是否由岩浆补给控制及其详细过程的研究还较为薄弱。花岗闪长质岩体中暗色岩浆包体特殊的产出状态，如包体墙和弥散状分布的包体等，显示岩浆补给在岩基形成过程中发挥了重要作用。包体中发育斜长石主晶包裹角闪石等客晶的嵌晶结构。本文聚焦包体斜长石的嵌晶结构及客晶矿物(如角闪石),结合背散射图像、矿物能谱扫描与矿物电子探针分析，以追踪曲水岩基形成期间的岩浆补给过程。计算结果显示客晶角闪石的结晶温度与压力最高(783～853℃、0.23～0.45GPa),包体基质角闪石次之(781～808℃、0.21～0.31GPa),花岗闪长质寄主岩中角闪石最低(769～802℃、0.18～0.26GPa)。此外，发育嵌晶结构的斜长石具有明显的成分环带，其偏钠质的核部指示了晶粥体的存在。本研究初步构建了岩浆补给模型与嵌晶结构的形成模型。镁铁质岩浆沿长英...     

冈底斯中段早侏罗世辉长岩-花岗岩杂岩体成因及其对新特提斯构造演化的启示:以日喀则东嘎岩体为例

以冈底斯中段日喀则东嘎出露的早侏罗世辉长岩-花岗岩杂岩体为对象,进行了锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素,以及全岩元素地球化学组成的系统测定,据此探讨了岩石的成因及其对新特提斯构造演化的启示。该杂岩体中辉长岩主要由角闪石和钙质斜长石组成,缺乏辉石;花岗岩主要为英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩等构成的TTG岩石组合;花岗岩中普遍发育呈塑变形态的镁铁质包体。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示,英云闪长岩和镁铁质包体的成岩年龄十分接近,且与辉长岩的年龄基本一致,均为177~180Ma。化学组成上,辉长岩低硅、富铝、贫碱,富轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,贫高场强元素,相似于高铝玄武岩。英云闪长岩贫碱、准铝、富钠,属钙碱性I型花岗岩。镁铁质包体具有与寄主岩相似的矿物组成和微量元素分布模式,二者均具有显著亏损的锆石Hf同位素组成,εHf(t)值分别为+11.4~+15.0和+14.4~+18.6。综合分析表明,早侏罗世冈底斯南缘应处于新特提斯洋板片俯冲的构造背景,其中辉长质侵入体为遭受俯冲板片析出流体交代作用的亏损地幔部分熔融的产物,花岗质岩石起源于初生地壳的部分熔融,镁铁质包体为辉长质岩浆与花岗质岩浆二者经混合作用的产物。结合对区内其它辉长质侵入体及相关镁铁质包体资料的全面分析,表明在新特提斯洋板片的整个俯冲过程中(205~40Ma),冈底斯南缘应存在多次的基性岩浆底侵及其诱发的壳幔岩浆混合作用。     

西藏冈底斯南缘冲木达约30Ma埃达克质侵入岩的成因:向北俯冲的印度陆壳的熔融?

40～25 Ma之间通常被认为是拉萨地块特别是藏南冈底斯带岩浆活动的间歇期,与新特提斯洋板片断离后印度-亚洲大陆的硬碰撞有关.对出露于冈底斯东段南缘的冲木达石英二长岩-花岗闪长岩及相关的闪长质包体进行了锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb定年和主微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素和锆石原位Hf同位素研究.年代学分析显示,侵入岩及其包...     

冈底斯西段朱诺斑岩铜矿床角闪石成分特征及其地质意义

朱诺矿床为冈底斯西段一典型的形成于后碰撞环境的斑岩型铜矿,二长花岗斑岩及其中的包体为成矿岩体,本次研究通过对岩体中的角闪石进行矿物学研究,讨论岩浆演化和成矿作用过程。结果表明,包体和二长花岗斑岩中的角闪石均为镁角闪石。包体中第一类角闪石w(MgO)为11.9%～14.61%,w(Al_2O_3)为8.83%～9.03%,w(TiO_2)为1.63%～1.66%,为幔源岩浆成因。包体中第二类角闪石w(MgO)为15.09%～16.65%,w(Al_2O_3)为3.92%～5.73%,w(TiO_2)为0.19%～0.52%;二长花岗斑岩中角闪石w(MgO)为15.09%～17.8%,w(Al_2O_3)为3.24%～5.73%,w(TiO_2)为0.11%～0.66%,二者为壳源变质成因。包体中第一类角闪石结晶深度为9.1～10.1 km,lgf_(O_2)为-11.9～-11.9,水含量为3.8%～4.4%;包体中第二类角闪石结晶深度为2.0～2.1 km,lgf_(O_2)为-13.2～-12.8,水含量为4.0%～4.2%;二长花岗斑岩中角闪石结晶深度为1.5～3.0 km,lgf_(O_2)为-13.3～-12.0,水含量为3.2%～3.9%。因此,朱诺矿床包体的角闪石可能形成于两个岩浆房,幔源岩浆在深部岩浆房形成包体中第一类角闪石,此时的岩浆具有高氧逸度和水含量,幔源残余岩浆继续上升,携带已形成的角闪石向上运移到地壳浅部,该过程中幔源残余岩浆与壳源岩浆发生混合作用,幔源岩浆补给大量的水、S及金属元素给壳源岩浆。当岩浆上升至浅部岩浆房时,二长花岗斑岩和包体中的第二类角闪石开始结晶形成,此时岩浆仍具有高氧逸度和水含量,在今后的勘查过程中应注意寻找含包体的二长花岗斑岩。冈底斯西段矿床的氧逸度和水含量较东段矿床更低,暗示西段遭受更多印度陆壳物质的混入,但这种改变是有限的,冈底斯西段的岩体仍满足成斑岩型铜矿的氧逸度和水含量,具备成矿潜力。     

冈底斯曲水岩基岩浆混合:来自暗色岩浆包体角闪石显微结构的证据

冈底斯岩浆带位于拉萨地体南缘,其形成过程主要受中生代新特提斯洋板片俯冲和新生代印度-亚洲陆-陆碰撞控制,是揭示青藏高原形成过程和深化大陆动力学研究的天然实验室。曲水岩基位于冈底斯岩浆带中段,介于拉萨和曲水之间,主要由花岗闪长岩、花岗岩、闪长岩和辉长岩组成。岩基花岗质岩体中包含大量暗色岩浆包体,包体产出状态有同侵位岩墙、包体墙、包体群等,表明岩浆混杂与混合现象。前人关于曲水岩基做了大量研究工作,取得很多进展,比如,发现这些暗色岩浆包体与寄主岩具有相同的结晶时代,主要集中在55~45Ma。但是,关于曲水岩基形成在俯冲背景还是碰撞背景还存在着争论。这些广泛分布的暗色岩浆包体和寄主岩的关系,及其所代表的岩浆混合过程还需要精细的矿物学工作。因此,本文在综合分析野外岩性分布、暗色岩浆包体出露形态的基础上,重点选择花岗闪长质寄主岩和其中的暗色岩浆包体中的角闪石进行矿物显微结构和构造的分析,并结合电子探针数据,以探求曲水岩基的岩浆混合过程。我们初步认为曲水岩基的形成经历两期混合过程：早期的基性岩浆和酸性岩浆端元在深部的混合;晚期基性、酸性岩浆混合后的中性岩浆爆破、上升,并继续与酸性岩浆混合。此外,曲水岩基形成于俯冲到碰撞的转换过程,受控于俯冲板片作用所产生的弧型岩浆和板片回旋及稍后的断离所产生的地幔岩浆双重作用。     

西藏冈底斯西部江巴、邦巴和雄巴岩体的锆石U-Pb年代学与Hf同位素地球化学

对青藏高原冈底斯带西部中生代花岗岩的研究依然十分有限。本文选择青藏高原冈底斯带西部狮泉河-革吉-雄巴地区的三个花岗岩基进行了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年和锆石Hf同位素分析,并探讨了中冈底斯带中侏罗世-早白垩世花岗岩的分布特征及其揭示的地壳基底的属性。定年结果表明,江巴岩体花岗闪长岩年龄为170±3Ma,雄巴岩体碱长花岗岩年龄为149±3Ma,它们形成于中晚侏罗世;邦巴岩体寄主岩石正长花岗岩和其中的石英二长闪长岩包体年龄分别为144±3Ma和133±3Ma,形成于早白垩世。锆石Hf同位素和地壳模式年龄结果表明,中晚侏罗世的江巴岩体(εHf(t)为-16.8～-13.4,Hf同位素地壳模式年龄为2.1～2.3Ga)与雄巴碱长花岗岩(-11.3～-6.2和1.6～2.0Ga)具有富集的Hf同位素特征,显示了新元古界的地壳基底年龄。邦巴正长花岗岩(-4～-0.8和1.2～1.5Ga)与其中的闪长质包体(-2.8～+0.6和1.2～1.4Ga)具有一致的Hf同位素特征,显示了岩浆混合作用。本文花岗岩定年与Hf同位素结果进一步揭示出中冈底斯带存在未出露地表的古元古代地壳基底。     

1∶25万林芝县幅地质调查成果与进展

首次在工布江达县巴母果蒙拉组中发现遗迹化石及古孢粉,将该区无化石依据的“旁多群”解体;在朗县混杂岩的灰岩块体中发现重结晶的珊瑚、腕足类残片及牙形刺;将冈底斯岩浆弧划分为南部雅鲁藏布江复式岩基带和北部冈底斯主脊复式岩基带;在米林巴嘎一带南迦巴瓦岩群中发现石榴透辉岩、含云透辉榴闪岩扁豆状残留包体;首次在念青唐古拉岩群八拉岩组中发现一套高角闪岩相—麻粒岩相的变质岩系。     

1∶25万林芝县幅地质调查成果与进展

首次在工布江达县巴母果蒙拉组中发现遗迹化石及古孢粉,将该区无化石依据的“旁多群“解体;在朗县混杂岩的灰岩块体中发现重结晶的珊瑚、腕足类残片及牙形刺;将冈底斯岩浆弧划分为南部雅鲁藏布江复式岩基带和北部冈底斯主脊复式岩基带;在米林巴嘎一带南迦巴瓦岩群中发现石榴透辉岩、含云透辉榴闪岩扁豆状残留包体;首次在念青唐古拉岩群八拉岩组中发现一套高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相的变质岩系.     

Concentric zoning in the Tunk Lake pluton,coastal Maine

The Tunk Lake pluton of coastal Maine, USA is a concentrically zoned granitic body that grades from an outer hypersolvus granite into subsolvus rapakivi granite, and then into subsolvus non-rapakivi granite, with gradational contacts between these zones. The pluton is partially surrounded by a zone of basaltic and gabbroic enclaves, interpreted as quenched magmatic droplets and mushes, respectively, as well as gabbroic xenoliths, all hosted by high-silica granite. The granite is zoned in terms of mineral assemblage, mineral composition, zircon crystallization temperature, and major and trace element concentration, from the present-day rim (interpreted as being closer to the base of the chamber) to the core (interpreted as being closer to the upper portions of the chamber). The ferromagnesian mineral assemblage systematically changes from augite and hornblende with augite cores in the outermost hypersolvus granite to hornblende, to hornblende and biotite, and finally, to biotite only in the subsolvus granite core of the pluton. Sparse fine-grained basaltic enclaves that are most common in the outermost zone of the pluton suggest that basaltic magma was present in the lower portions of the magma chamber at the same time that the upper portions of the magma chamber were occupied by a granitic crystal mush. However, the slight variations in initial Nd isotopic ratio in granites from different zones of the pluton suggest that contamination of the granitic melt by basaltic melt played little role in generating the compositional gradation of the pluton. The zone of basaltic and gabbroic chilled magmatic enclaves, and gabbroic xenoliths, hosted by high-silica granite, that partially surround the pluton is interpreted as mafic layers at the base of the pluton that were disrupted by invading late-stage high-silica magma. These mafic layers are likely to have consisted of basaltic lava layers and basalt that chilled against granitic magma to produce coarse-grained gabbroic mush. Basaltic and gabbroic magmatic enclaves and gabbroic xenoliths are hornblende-bearing, suggesting that their parent melts were relatively hydrous. The water-rich nature of the underplating mafic magmas may have prevented extensive invasion of the granitic magma by these magmas, owing to the much greater viscosity of the granitic magma than the mafic magmas in the temperature range over which magma interaction could have occurred.     

Origin of Mafic Enclaves in the Dinkey Creek Pluton, Central Sierra Nevada Batholith, California

Two types of mafic enclaves occur in the Dinkey Creek pluton:ubiquitous microgranular enclaves, and rare gabbroic enclaves.Common petrographic features of the microgranular enclaves are:(1) fine grain-size, (2) abundant acicular apatite, and (3)plagioclase zoned from bytownitic cores to andesine-labradoriterims, with sharp boundaries between these main zones. Subordinateoscillatory variations are commonly superimposed on both coresand rims. It has been found by secondary ion mass spectrometrythat the rims are identical in major and trace element compositionto plagioclase in the tonalite, which suggests crystallizationfrom the same or similar magmas. The gabbroic enclaves are composedpredominantly of hornblende (50–85%) and appear to bemagmatic segregations. The microgranular enclaves and host rocks display two convergingtrends on silica variation diagrams for Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, Al₂O₃,Zn, and Zr. The dominant trend is defined by small microgranularenclaves, by samples from a large (20 m?30 m) microgranularenclave, and by the Dinkey Creek tonalites and granodiorites.The subordinate trend covers tholeiltic dikes and tonalitich and converges with the Dinkey Creek host rocks at 61 wt.%SiO₂ Alkali and alkaline earth elements exhibit greater variabilitythan the above constituents and appear to be either enrichedor depleted as required for equilibrium with the host rocks.Low CaO and Sr concentrations in small enclaves (<30 cm)apparently reflect a lower modal abundance of calcic plagioclaseand more sericitization of this feldspar as compared with theplagioclase of the large microgranular enclave. The large enclaveis also richer in MgO than the small enclaves. With the exceptionof the alkali elements, the major element compositions of themicrogranular enclaves approach high-Al basaltic to andesiticcom positions. In one analyzed microgranular enclave, low La/Cerelative to chondrites and more abundant HREE than in othermicrogranular samples suggest that it may also contain minorcumulus hornblende. The petrographic and whole-rock geochemical relations, and theplagioclase compositions in the microgranular enclaves and theirhost rocks, indicate that the microgranular enclaves representmixtures of quenched basalts and Dinkey Creek tonalites. Itappears that dikes of high-alumina basalt were intruded intothe lower, tonalitic portions of the Dinkey Creek pluton, wherethey were partially quenched along an interface with overlyingtonalitic magma. Large portions of residual liquid in the partiallyquenched basalts permitted mixing with the overlying magma toform a hybrid zone. This zone was then disaggregated, yieldingthe enclaves, and they were dispersed throughout the upper partof the Dinkey Creek magma chamber. Subsequent crystallizationof tonalitic melt within the enclaves produced the zoned plagioclaseand re-equilibrated hornblende and biotite in the enclaves tothe Dinkey Creek magmatic conditions. Scouring disrupted hornblende-richmagmatic segregations and produced the gabbroic enclaves.     

Field evidence,mineral chemical and geochemical constraints on mafic-felsic magma interactions in a vertically zoned magma chamber from the Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex of Eastern India

The Nimchak granite pluton (NGP) of Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex (CGGC), Eastern India, provides ample evidence of magma interaction in a plutonic regime for the first time in this part of the Indian shield. A number of outcrop level magmatic structures reported from many mafic-felsic mixing and mingling zones worldwide, such as synplutonic dykes, mafic magmatic enclaves and hybrid rocks extensively occur in our study domain. From field observations it appears that the Nimchak pluton was a vertically zoned magma chamber that was intruded by a number of mafic dykes during the whole crystallization history of the magma chamber leading to magma mixing and mingling scenario. The lower part of the pluton is occupied by coarse-grained granodiorite (64.84–66.61?wt.% SiO₂), while the upper part is occupied by fine-grained granite (69.80–70.57?wt.% SiO₂). Field relationships along with textural and geochemical signatures of the pluton suggest that it is a well-exposed felsic magma chamber that was zoned due to fractional crystallization. The intruding mafic magma interacted differently with the upper and lower granitoids. The lower granodiorite is characterized by mafic feeder dykes and larger mafic magmatic enclaves, whereas the enclaves occurring in the upper granite are comparatively smaller and the feeder dykes could not be traced here, except two late-stage mafic dykes. The mafic enclaves occurring in the upper granite show higher degrees of hybridization with respect to those occurring in the lower granite. Furthermore, enclaves are widely distributed in the upper granite, whereas enclaves in the lower granite occur adjacent to the main feeder dykes.Geochemical signatures confirm that the intermediate rocks occurring in the Nimchak pluton are mixing products formed due to the mixing of mafic and felsic magmas. A number of important physical properties of magmas like temperature, viscosity, glass transition temperature and fragility have been used in magma mixing models to evaluate the process of magma mixing. A geodynamic model of pluton construction and evolution is presented that shows episodic replenishments of mafic magma into the crystallizing felsic magma chamber from below. Data are consistent with a model whereby mafic magma ponded at the crust-mantle boundary and melted the overlying crust to form felsic (granitic) magma. The mafic magma episodically rose, injected and interacted with an overlying felsic magma chamber that was undergoing fractional crystallization forming hybrid intermediate rocks. The intrusion of mafic magma continued after complete solidification of the magma chamber as indicated by the presence of two late-stage mafic dykes.     

Intrusion of basaltic magma into a crystallizing granitic magma chamber: The Cordillera del Paine pluton in southern Chile

The Cordillera del Paine pluton in the southernmost Andes of Chile represents a deeply dissected magma chamber where mafic magma intruded into crystallizing granitic magma. Throughout much of the 10x15 km pluton, there is a sharp and continuous boundary at a remarkably constant elevation of 1,100 m that separates granitic rocks (Cordillera del Paine or CP granite: 69–77% SiO₂) which make up the upper levels of the pluton from mafic and comingled rocks (Paine Mafic Complex or PMC: 45–60% SiO₂) which dominate the lower exposures of the pluton. Chilled, crenulate, disrupted contacts of mafic rock against granite demonstrate that partly crystallized granite was intruded by mafic magma which solidified prior to complete crystallization of the granitic magma. The boundary at 1,100 m was a large and stable density contrast between the denser, hotter mafic magma and cooler granitic magma. The granitic magma was more solidified near the margins of the chamber when mafic intrusion occurred, and the PMC is less disrupted by granites there. Near the pluton margins, the PMC grades upward irregularly from cumulate gabbros to monzodiorites. Mafic magma differentiated largely by fractional crystallization as indicated by the presence of cumulate rocks and by the low levels of compatible elements in most PMC rocks. The compositional gap between the PMC and CP granite indicates that mixing (blending) of granitic magma into the mafic magma was less important, although it is apparent from mineral assemblages in mafic rocks. Granitic magma may have incorporated small amounts of mafic liquid that had evolved to >60% SiO₂ by crystallization. Mixing was inhibited by the extent of crystallization of the granite, and by the thermal contrast and the stable density contrast between the magmas. PMC gabbros display disequilibrium mineral assemblages including early formed zoned olivine (with orthopyroxene coronas), clinopyroxene, calcic plagioclase and paragasite and later-formed amphibole, sodic plagioclase, mica and quartz. The early formed gabbroic minerals (and their coronas) are very similar to phenocrysts in late basaltic dikes that cut the upper levels of the CP granite. The inferred parental magmas of both dikes and gabbros were very similar to subalkaline basalts of the Patagonian Plateau that erupted at about the same time, 35 km to the east. Mafic and silicic magmas at Cordillera del Paine are consanguineous, as demonstrated by alkalinity and trace-element ratios. However, the contemporaneity of mafic and silicic magmas precludes a parent-daughter relationship. The granitic magma most likely was derived by differentiation of mafic magmas that were similar to those that later intruded it. Or, the granitic magma may have been contaminated by mafic magmas similar to the PMC magmas before its shallow emplacement. Mixing would be favored at deeper levels when the cooling rate was lower and the granitic magma was less solidified.     

Isotopic evidence for multiple contributions to felsic magma chambers: Gouldsboro Granite, Coastal Maine

The Gouldsboro Granite forms part of the Coastal Maine Magmatic Province, a region characterized by granitic plutons that are intimately linked temporally and petrogenetically with abundant co-existing mafic magmas. The pluton is complex and preserves a felsic magma chamber underlain by contemporaneous mafic magmas; the transition between the two now preserved as a zone of chilled mafic sheets and pillows in granite. Mafic components have highly variably isotopic compositions as a result of contamination either at depth or following injection into the magma chamber. Intermediate dikes with identical isotopic compositions to more mafic dikes suggest that closed system fractionation may be occurring in deeper level chambers prior to injection to shallower levels. The granitic portion of the pluton has the highest Nd isotopic composition (ε_Nd = + 3.0) of plutons in the region whereas the mafic lithologies have Nd isotopic compositions (ε_Nd = + 3.5) that are the lowest in the region and similar to the granite and suggestive of prolonged interactions and homogenization of the two components. Sr and Nd isotopic data for felsic enclaves are inconsistent with previously suggested models of diffusional exchange between the contemporaneous mafic magmas and the host granite to explain highly variable alkali contents. The felsic enclaves have relatively low Nd isotopic compositions (ε_Nd = + 2 – + 1) indicative of the involvement of a third, lower ε_Nd melt during granite petrogenesis, perhaps represented by pristine granitic dikes contemporaneous with the nearby Pleasant Bay Layered Intrusion. The dikes at Pleasant Bay and the felsic enclaves at Gouldsboro likely represent remnants of the silicic magmas that originally fed and replenished the overlying granitic magma chambers. The large isotopic (and chemical) contrasts between the enclaves and granitic dikes and granitic magmas may be in part a consequence of extended interactions between the granitic magmas and co-existing mafic magmas by mixing, mingling and diffusion. Alternatively, the granitic magmas may represent an additional crustal source. Using granitic rocks such as these with abundant evidence for interactions with mafic magmas complicate their use in constraining crustal sources and tectonic settings. Fine-grained dike rocks may provide more meaningful information, but must be used with caution as these may also have experienced compositional changes during mafic–felsic interactions.     

江西印支期蔡江岩体中暗色微粒包体的发现及其地质意义

文章报道了江西蔡江花岗质岩体中发现暗色微粒包体,以及这些包体的地质、岩相学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学和元素地球化学特征。包体多呈椭圆状,显示淬冷边和反向脉,具有典型的岩浆结构并含有针状磷灰石,有的包体含有长石捕虏晶。包体具有相对较低的SiO₂（低至57.05 wt%）和较高的MgO+Fe₂O₃（高达14.21 wt%）含量。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年数据表明,包体形成于晚三叠世（224 Ma）,与寄主花岗岩（230~228 Ma）在误差范围内基本一致。上述特征表明,包体是离散的幔源偏基性岩浆团或者是幔源与寄主岩浆混合的产物。原始包体岩浆属于超钾质岩浆,可能是通过岩石圈地幔中交代成因的金云母辉石岩脉发生部分熔融而形成的。暗色微粒包体的发现为幔源岩浆底侵提供了直接证据,从而为蔡江花岗质岩石形成于较高温度提供佐证。该研究对于进一步探讨华南印支期花岗岩形成的热源机制具有意义。     

Intermittent generation of mafic enclaves in the 1991–1995 dacite of Unzen Volcano recorded in mineral chemistry

Mafic enclaves in the 1991–1995 dacite of Unzen volcano show chemical and textural variability, such as bulk SiO₂ contents ranging from 52 to 62 wt% and fine- to coarse-grained microlite textures. In this paper, we investigated the mineral chemistry of plagioclase and hornblende microlites and distinguished three enclave types. Type-I mafic enclaves contain high-Mg plagioclase and low-Cl hornblende as microlites, whereas type-III enclaves include low-Mg plagioclase and high-Cl hornblende. Type-II enclaves have an intermediate mineral chemistry. Type-I mafic enclaves tend to show a finer-grained matrix, have slightly higher bulk rock SiO₂ contents (56–60 wt%) when compared with the type-III mafic enclaves (SiO₂?=?53–59 wt%), but the overall bulk enclave compositions are within the trend of the basalt–dacite eruptive products of Quaternary monogenetic volcanoes around Unzen volcano. The origin of the variation of mineral chemistry in mafic enclaves is interpreted to reflect different degree of diffusion-controlled re-equilibration of minerals in a low-temperature mushy dacitic magma reservoir. Mafic enclaves with a long residence time in the dacitic magma reservoir, whose constituent minerals were annealed at low-temperature to be in equililbrium with the rhyolitic melt, represent type-III enclaves. In contrast, type-I mafic enclaves result from recent mafic injections with a mineral assemblage that still retains the high-temperature mineral chemistry. Taking temperature, Ca/(Ca?+?Na) ratio of plagioclase, and water activity of the hydrous Unzen magma into account, the Mg contents of plagioclase indicate that plagioclase microlites in type-III enclaves initially crystallized at high temperature and were subsequently re-equilibrated at low-temperature conditions. Compositional profiles of Mg in plagioclase suggest that older mafic enclaves (Type-III) had a residence time of ~100 years at 800 °C in a stagnant magma reservoir before their incorporation into the mixed dacite of the 1991–1995 Unzen eruption. Presence of different types of mafic enclaves suggests that the 1991–1995 dacite of Unzen volcano tapped mushy magma reservoir intermittently replenished by high-temperature mafic magmas.     

浆混花岗岩专题填图方法初探——以东昆仑加鲁河地区为例

东昆仑造山带花岗岩中广泛发育暗色微粒包体,含有丰富的壳幔岩浆混合作用的证据,被认为是研究岩浆混合作用的天然场所。适逢近阶段同源花岗岩谱系填图方案在造山带岩浆混合(浆混)花岗岩图区实践时深受质疑,本研究以东昆仑加鲁河地区浆混花岗岩为例,开展浆混花岗岩区专题填图试点工作,旨在探索一套适合浆混花岗岩填图的岩石单位划分方案。从野外地质、岩相学、岩石和矿物化学等不同角度论证了加鲁河花岗闪长岩及其内部包体形成于开放体系下的壳幔岩浆混合作用。在填图工作中,将图区内的岩浆岩划分为浆混花岗岩和非浆混花岗岩2个超单元。以岩浆混合作用为理论依据,将浆混花岗岩超单元划分为基性端元、酸性端元和浆混产物3个二级单位,对于2个端元岩石单位按照其矿物组成、结构构造等方面的差异(岩浆演化导致)再次划分最基本岩石单位——侵入体,对于浆混产物单位,建议可按照岩浆混合程度差异或者内部包体变化规律灵活划分基本岩石单位——浆混体。由此建立了一套可与同源花岗岩谱系单位相兼容的浆混花岗岩谱系单位划分方案,为岩浆混合花岗岩区开展填图工作提供了初步探索方案。     

两广交界地区花岗岩中包体的类型，特征与成因

据包体岩相学及矿物学研究，包体岩石为角闪岩相到麻粒岩相的副变质岩，岩石类型有麻粒岩，变粒岩，片麻岩和富云包体，角闪岩相包体形成的温度为633度，压力为460Mpa-550MPa，麻粒岩包体形成的温度为781－883度，压力为530MPa-710MPa，包体为部分熔融形成寄主花岗岩岩浆的源区岩石列余，其中大容－十万大山地区角闪岩相－ 麻粒岩相包体岩石为区域动热变质成因；云开大山地区麻粒岩包体岩石为热穹隆变质成因。     

南秦岭地体东江口花岗岩及其基性包体的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成

东江口花岗岩体位于商丹与勉略缝合带之间的南秦岭中部,其中存在大量基性暗色微粒包体.锆石的LA-MCICPMS联机U-Pb年代学分析表明,东江口岩体的形成年龄为223Ma,其包体锆石的结晶年龄为222Ma,与寄主岩体大致同时形成,指示秦岭造山带印支晚期岩石圈构造体制属性从挤压.伸展转变发生在220Ma左右.锆石的Lu-Hf同位素原位分析结果表明,南秦岭晚三叠纪花岗岩是壳幔混合作用的产物,亏损的幔源岩浆与南秦岭(或扬子)的基底地壳物质可能为南秦岭地区晚三叠纪花岗岩的源区物质,它们的形成起因于秦岭造山带在主造山期后发生的岩石圈拆沉作用.大约220Ma开始,南秦岭岩石圈构造应力性质从挤压向伸展构造体制转变,岩石圈发生拆沉作用,地幔软流圈物质上涌并底侵于下地壳,诱发下地壳物质的部分熔融,当岩浆沿构造薄弱带上升过程中,幔源岩浆与寄主岩浆发生成份的交换,两种岩浆混合过程中不完全混溶,最终形成寄主岩体和暗色基性微粒包体.