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1.
页岩储层通常呈薄层状结构,一般认为其岩石力学参数具有横向各向同性,而其各向异性受围压(CP)、含水率和总有机质含量(TOC)等多种因素的影响。本文对不同围压下的鹰滩(Eagle Ford)页岩进行超声波波速进行测试实验,研究围压对鹰滩页岩波速及岩石力学各向异性的影响。实验结果表明,鹰滩页岩属于弱各向异性多孔介质,并具有横向各向同性、垂向各向异性的性质。纵波(P波)和横波(S波)波速随围压的增大而增大,特别是在低围压范围内增幅显著,同时围压增大会降低纵波和横波的各向异性,纵波各向异性比横波各向异性对围压更敏感。对鹰滩页岩各向异性分析为页岩储层压裂过程中裂缝的起裂和延伸规律研究提供了必要的力学参数。 相似文献
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VTI介质瑞雷波频散曲线特征与对比分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在近地表瑞雷波勘探中,介质的各向异性对瑞雷波传播有着明显的影响。为了研究横向各向同性(vertical transverse isotropy,简称VTI)介质各向异性参数对瑞雷波的影响,以各向异性弹性波理论为基础,利用应力镜像法为边界条件,实现了VTI介质中瑞雷波的正演数值模拟,并利用相移法提取瑞雷波频散曲线。将层状各向同性介质和VTI介质瑞雷波频散曲线作对比,研究结果表明:(1)瑞雷波各阶模式相速度随纵波变异系数δ的增大而减小,随纵波各向异性强度参数ε的增大而增大;(2)随着纵波各向异性强度参数ε的减小和纵波变异系数δ的增大,会引起瑞雷波各阶模式相速度减小和瑞雷波频散曲线各阶模式主要能量所在频带范围减小;(3)当纵波各向异性强度参数ε减小和纵波变异系数δ增大到一定程度后,在速度递增的层状介质中会引起瑞雷波出现"之"字形频散曲线,在含软弱夹层的层状介质中会出现各阶模式频散曲线混淆的现象。 相似文献
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致密岩石纵横波波速各向异性的比较研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对板岩、千枚岩、糜棱岩和变质砂岩等4种岩石在平行和垂直层理、板理的3个正交方向上的纵、横波波速试验,提出了致密岩石纵波波速的各向异性与横波波速的各向异性普遍存在着一致性和差异性两种特征。一致性特征主要表现为致密岩石的横波各向异性随纵波各向异性的增强而增强;差异性特征主要表现为在平行和垂直层理、板理的两个方向上,纵波波速的各向异性指数大于横波,亦即纵波波速的各向异性比横波更为显著。从横观各向同性弹性介质的波速方程出发,通过具体的算例对这两种特征进行了较好的理论分析。 相似文献
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基于BISQ模型的各向同性孔隙介质弹性波三维交错网格高阶有限差分数值模拟 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
从BISQ模型弹性波的本构方程和运动方程出发,推导出了基于BISQ模型的各向同性孔隙介质弹性波三维高阶交错网格有限差分算法,进行了数值模拟,在低频下能看到明显的快纵波、快横波和微弱慢纵波,在高频情况下可以看到明显的快纵波、快横波、慢纵波和慢横波。在三维情况下对比了xoz、xoy、yoz平面内的波场切片,并对平行xoz平面,不同y值处的波场切片进行了对比,结果证明三维数值模拟可以从不同角度更好地反映波场的传播特性。 相似文献
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构建了等直径不同裂隙密度和等裂隙密度不同裂隙直径两组物理模型,进行不同围压条件下多方向的超声波速度测试,并运用Hudson理论进行了理论模型计算。结果显示,计算与实测结果吻合较好。随围压的增大,纵、横波速度均近线性增加,纵、横波各向异性基本保持不变;裂隙密度从2%增大到6%,纵波速度不同程度降低,其中慢纵波降低幅度相对较大,快横波变化不明显,而慢横波则大幅降低。随着裂隙密度的增大,纵、横波各向异性均增大,且横波各向异性增加速率大于纵波;裂隙直径从2 mm增大到3 mm,快纵波速度增加很小,慢纵波增加明显,横波速度均不发生改变。随着裂隙直径的增大,纵波各向异性逐渐降低,横波各向异性保持不变。最后结合试验结果分析了Hudson理论在不同深度进行参数预测的必要条件。研究结果有助于油气生产、地下水的开采与控制、污染处理等。 相似文献
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《物探与化探》2017,(2)
为优化二维各向同性介质中弹性波频率域正演时阻抗矩阵的结构,减小正演所需内存,提高正演效率,在25点差分格式的基础上进行适当的简化,得到了二维弹性波频率域17点差分格式。该格式重新计算了弹性波中偏微分项和加速项的差分算子,减少了计算过程中的网格节点需求,构造了优化阻抗矩阵后的频率域正演矩阵方程;推导了纵波和横波相速度的频散公式,给出了不同泊松比条件下的频散曲线,得到了相速度误差控制范围±1%时每一横波波长内网格数需求。通过对比频散曲线和数值模拟时得到的波场快照及检波点处U、V分量,验证了17点差分格式与25点差分格式相比,具有稍严格的网格间距需求、相当的计算精度、略少的计算时间和更小的阻抗矩阵带宽等特点。 相似文献
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煤层具有强波阻抗差、低阻抗的特性,对地震勘探来说是一种典型的薄层。因为其黏弹性和速度各向异性导致薄层反射波场异常,为了定量分析黏弹性和速度各向异性对薄层地震反射的影响,针对强波阻抗差薄层模型,基于波动方程数值模拟方法,正演得到弹性速度各向同性、黏弹性速度各向同性及黏弹性速度各向异性的地震波场,并对比分析了3种模型的弹性波地震反射特征。研究结果表明:黏弹性对薄层的反射产生不可忽略的影响,会明显降低薄层弹性波的反射振幅,但黏弹性速度各向同性与各向异性对薄层的弹性波反射影响差异不大。相比于弹性各向同性情况,黏弹性会引起反射纵波(PP波)瞬时频率最大可达8%的改变量,而对转换横波(PS波)仅有3%的改变量,可以忽略不计。上述研究为利用构造煤品质因子极低的特征来预测构造煤提供了可能。 相似文献
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横向各向同性(TI)介质是岩石地球物理中常见的一种现象,研究其井孔声场传播特征对声波测井理论以及为声波测井解释提供依据具有重要意义。针对具有垂直对称轴的横向各向同性(VTI)介质,根据柱坐标系条件下的弹性波波动方程,推导了速度-应力交错有限差分公式,采用时间二阶、空间十阶的交错有限差分算法对VTI介质中的井孔声场进行数值模拟。给出了在均匀介质中井孔声场不同时刻的波场快照,以及不同各向异性系数的VTI介质中的波场快照,计算了井轴上声源激发出的声波全波列波形。结果表明,在其他条件不变的条件下,VTI地层的各向异性系数的增大对横波的传播影响不大,但会使得纵波在纵向上的传播速度相对变小,径向上变化不大。各向异性系数的增大会使声波测井全波列首波信号时差变大,声波幅度略变小。 相似文献
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在回顾封闭平行硬币状裂缝模型的基础上,将裂缝填充物性质、分布密度与背景介质的横纵波速度比,引入裂缝型水平横向各向同性介质纵波、转换横波弹性阻抗公式,并进行归一化弹性阻抗响应特征模拟。分析表明:裂缝介质弹性阻抗呈现方位各向异性,且随裂缝密度加大而增强;纵波、转换横波弹性阻抗在值域分布规律上具有较大区别;在典型砂岩介质的前提下,弹性阻抗差可以作为裂缝含气、含水指示因子定性地识别裂缝填充物性质。 相似文献
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斯通利波在碳酸盐岩储层解释中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在塔河油田碳酸特岩裂缝性储层中,采用声波全波列测井及偶极横波测井来获取丰富信息,主要成分波有纵波、横波、斯通利波,主要采用时域和频域2种信启、提取方法,来获得声波时差、频率和能量信息.其能量衰减和能量值的大小可以反映地层渗透性能,斯通利波能量的相对变化可用来定性划分渗透层,反射波能量反映渗透性地层的裂缝分布,为划分渗透层提供了良好的条件. 相似文献
12.
Neetu Garg 《Journal of Earth System Science》2009,118(6):677-687
In a pre-stressed anisotropic elastic medium, three types of quasi-waves propagate along an arbitrary direction. In general, none of the waves is truly longitudinal. The present study finds the specific directions in a pre-stressed anisotropic elastic medium along which longitudinal waves may propagate. This paper demonstrates how the propagation of longitudinal waves is affected by various pre-stresses present in the medium. The study establishes the explicit expressions defining the existence and propagation of longitudinal waves in pre-stressed anisotropic elastic medium. These expressions involve not only the direction and elastic stiffness of the medium, but also the pre-stresses present in the medium. Changes in conditions for the existence of longitudinal waves in orthotropic, monoclinic and triclinic anisotropies are discussed in detail. The most important part of the paper is a practical aspect suggested to calculate the specific directions for the existence of longitudinal waves in pre-stressed anisotropic elastic medium. In this approach, only those parameters are used that can be observed by the receiver in a geophysical experiment of wave propagation. The existence of longitudinal waves has been shown graphically using a numerical example for three types of anisotropic symmetries in elastic medium. 相似文献
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由已建立了的非饱和土这种三相松散介质中的动力控制方程,得到波动方程的解,表明在非饱和土中存在3种P波(P1、P2和P3波)和1种S波。根据推导出的波速以及衰减的解析表达式,以实际工程中的尾砂土这种非饱和多孔介质为例,通过Matlab计算工具对非饱和土中的4种体波的弥散特性进一步数值分析,给出了典型的弥散和衰减曲线。结果表明,在一定的频率范围内,4种波的波速及衰减随频率的升高而增大,其中P2、P3波受频率影响强烈,而P1、S波受频率影响则相对较小。此外,饱和度的增加也将导致P1波波速的增大,但对P2、P3波和S波影响不大。 相似文献
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M. D. Sharma 《Journal of Earth System Science》2008,117(6):951-958
Biot’s theory for wave propagation in saturated porous solid is modified to study the propagation of thermoelastic waves in
poroelastic medium. Propagation of plane harmonic waves is considered in isotropic poroelastic medium. Relations are derived
among the wave-induced temperature in the medium and the displacements of fluid and solid particles. Christoffel equations
obtained are modified with the thermal as well as thermoelastic coupling parameters. These equations explain the existence
and propagation of four waves in the medium. Three of the waves are attenuating longitudinal waves and one is a non-attenuating
transverse wave. Thermal properties of the medium have no effect on the transverse wave. The velocities and attenuation of
the longitudinal waves are computed for a numerical model of liquid-saturated sandstone. Their variations with thermal as
well as poroelastic parameters are exhibited through numerical examples. 相似文献
17.
The study of surface wave in a layered medium has their possible application in geophysical prospecting. In the present work, dispersion equation for torsional wave in an inhomogeneous isotropic layer between inhomogeneous isotropic half‐spaces has been derived. Two cases are discussed separately for torsional wave propagation in inhomogeneous layer between homogeneous and non‐homogeneous half‐spaces, respectively. Further, two possible modes for torsional wave propagation are obtained in case of inhomogeneous layer sandwiched between non‐homogeneous half‐spaces. Closed form solutions for displacement in the layer and half‐spaces are obtained in each case. The study reveals that the layer width, layer inhomogeneity, frequency of inhomogeneity, as well as inhomogeneity in the half‐space has significant effect on the propagation of torsional surface waves. Displacement and implicit dispersion equation for torsional wave velocities are expressed in terms of Heun functions and their derivatives. Effects of inhomogeneity on torsional wave velocity are also discussed graphically by plotting the dimensionless phase velocity against dimensionless and scaled wave number for different values of inhomogeneity parameter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
Anup Saha Santimoy Kundu Shishir Gupta Pramod Kumar Vaishnav 《Journal of Earth System Science》2016,125(4):885-895
The present paper is concerned with the propagation of torsional surface waves in an initially stressed anisotropic porous layer sandwiched between homogeneous and non-homogeneous half-space. We assume the quadratic inhomogeneity in rigidity and density in the lower half-space and irregularity is taken in the form of rectangle at the interface separating the layer from the lower half-space. The dispersion equation for torsional waves has been obtained in a closed form. Velocity equation is also obtained in the absence of irregularity. The study reveals that the presence of irregularity, initial stress, porosity, inhomogeneity and anisotropy factor in the dispersion equation approves the significant effect of these parameters in the propagation of torsional waves in porous medium. It has also been observed that for a uniform media, the velocity equation reduces to the classical result of Love wave. 相似文献
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