扬子地块中元古代基性岩体群成因及其成矿作用——以四川会理竹箐基性岩体群为例

<正>在中国,钒钛磁铁矿主要产在约260 Ma的峨眉山大火成岩省内(Zhou et al.,2005),竹箐岩体群虽然位于扬子地台西缘的ELIP的内带范围内,但与晚古生代形成ELIP的岩浆活动无关。有人提出扬子地台很可能参与了Columbia超大陆的聚合过程(Zhang et al.,2006;Sun et al.,2008;Wu et al.,2008;Zhao et al.,2010),然而,关于扬子地块与Columbia超大陆之间关系的研     

诺里尔斯克Cu-Ni-PGE硫化物矿床成矿过程流体组成示踪

诺里尔斯克(Noril’sk)Cu-Ni-PGE硫化物矿床位于西伯利亚大火成岩省的西北边缘,是251.2±0.3Ma(Kamo et al.,1996)地幔柱岩浆作用体制下大火成岩省成矿的典型实例(Basu etal.,1995)。岩浆演化过程中围岩膏盐层对硫饱和成矿具有重大的贡献,本研究通过大火成岩省喷出岩和成矿岩体中流体组成特征对比,探讨成     

富林岩体高钛和低钛镁铁质岩石的铂族元素和硫化物分异特征

已有研究表明,峨眉山大火成岩省存在高钛和低钛两个系列的岩浆活动(Xu et al.,2001),区域内广泛发育的钒-钛磁铁矿床和铜-镍硫化物矿床分别与两种类型岩浆密切相关(Zhou et al.,2008).两类岩浆具有不同的岩浆源区并经历了不同阶段的岩浆演化、不同程度的地壳混染和硫化物分异过程.我们利用铂族元素和亲铜元素Cu和Ni的地球化学特征,研究了峨眉山大火成岩省东部富林岩体中两类岩石的成因,探讨岩浆分异过程对铂族元素浓度的影响和硫化物分异对岩石成因的作用.     

峨眉山大火成岩省基性岩和酸性岩年龄差异原因

峨眉山大火成岩省酸性岩浆作用主要有三期(Xu et al.,2008 and reference therein):第一期酸性岩浆事件年龄为260. 38±0,95 Ma,与蛾眉山玄武岩等时(He et al.,2007);第二和第三期的年龄分别为252.6±4.2 Ma和238.4±3,4 Ma.     

四川会理小关河地区岩浆硫化物矿床的类型和成因的PGE示踪

峨眉山大火成岩省产出的铜镍铂族元素矿床在成矿元素组成上差异很大。有以铂族元素为主的矿床,如金宝山铂钯矿(Tao et al.,2007);有铂族元素含量非常低的铜镍硫化物矿床,如力马河镍矿(陶琰等,2007)和白马寨镍矿(WangCY et al.,2005,2006;陶琰等,2004);也有含铂     

攀西钒钛磁铁矿床成矿特征及深部找矿指示意义

<正>四川攀枝花—西昌地区(简称攀西地区)属于峨眉山大火成岩省的内带(马玉孝等,2003),区内构造-岩浆活动频繁,成矿类型丰富,其中尤以钒钛磁铁矿床最为著名,区内从北到南主要分布有太和、白马、红格、务本、攀枝花等多处大型-超大型钒钛磁铁矿床,形成我国著名的攀西钒钛磁铁矿矿集区。关于钒钛磁铁矿的地质特征,前人做过大量研究,但对于与钒钛磁铁矿相关的基性-超基性侵入岩体的成因以及成矿过程仍存在争议,这在一定程度上影响了对区域(尤其是深部)找矿潜力的认识,区域面临着"有没有找     

红格层状岩体岩浆混合与结晶分异对钒钛磁铁矿成矿的指示意义

红格镁铁-超镁铁层状侵入体位于峨眉山大火成岩省中部,赋存的超大型钒钛磁铁矿矿床是仅次于攀枝花矿床的我国第二大岩浆型钒钛磁铁矿矿床.该矿床主要的含矿层位为下部超镁铁岩带部分,与世界其他典型的含磁铁矿层状岩体如Skaergaard侵入体和Bushveld杂岩体存在明显的区别(磁铁矿矿层位于岩体上部辉长岩带).     

大庙斜长杂岩体及其铁矿的铁同位素初步研究

<正>近年来,Fe同位素体系的示踪研究越来越多地应用于高温岩浆过程中,同时Fe元素作为重要的成矿元素,在示踪高温成矿过程、岩浆作用等方面具有重要潜力。目前,对于以攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿为代表的一类赋存于层状侵入体的岩浆岩型铁矿床的成矿过程中Fe同位素分馏行为的研究表明,Fe同位素体系在示踪结晶分异、亚固相线再平衡以及不平衡过程等方面有重要的指示意义(Chen et al.,2014;Liu et al.,2014)。以大庙铁矿为代表的与元古宙斜长岩体有关的Fe-Ti-V-P矿床,是岩浆岩型     

川西南拉一木玄武岩型铜矿流体包裹体地球化学特征

<正>晚古生代峨眉山大陆地幔柱活动形成的峨眉山大火成岩省(EMLIP)(图1a),它从壳幔深部带来了大量成矿元素(张云湘等,1988;Mahoney et al.,1997;王登红等,1998;侯增谦等,1999;Song et al.,2001;Xu et al.,2001;张招崇等,2004;胡瑞忠等,2005),使峨眉山玄武岩具有高铜背景值(平均170×10-6)的特征,并在大火成岩省外带高钛玄武岩中形成了大面积的     

峨眉山地幔柱岩浆的起源及演化:苦橄岩和玄武岩流体组成和C-He-Ar同位素的制约

<正>峨眉山大火成岩省由大量的溢流玄武岩、基性-超基性岩体、少量的苦橄岩、凝灰岩、流纹岩和正长岩等组成,峨眉山地幔柱二叠纪活动时(256~263 Ma,Fan et al.,2008;Zi,et al.,2010;Tang,et al.,2015)位于赤道附近,活动中心位于大理-丽江-攀枝花一带。苦橄岩作为地幔柱岩浆作用早期形成的岩石,可以揭示地幔柱岩浆源区、原始条件及演化等过程。大理-宾川-丽江地区苦橄岩的Sr-Nd同位素显示地壳混染程度小     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.