依托库区治理工程促进"数字渭河"建设

陕西三门峡建库以来,渭河下游灾害额发.近年来通过渭河下游治理工程的建设实施,减轻、减缓了洪涝渍、盐碱灾害.随着计算机技术的发展,"数字流域"的探讨和开发建设已逐步提上日程,目前"数字黄河"工程已经启动,"数字渭河"的建设势在必行.通过分析,提出渭河治理的发展方向是要依托工程建设,利用现代化信息技术,从建设渭河"数字防汛"开始,逐步实现"数字渭河"基本功能.     

渭河下游防供体系及防洪工程建设

本文主要阐述了建库以来渭河下游河床的冲淤变化 ,并分析了由此治渭河下游及其南山支流带来的灾害。指出库区防洪建设及现状存在的不足 ,对未来库区的防御体系及策略提出了一些建议 ,使库区防洪工程建设更加完善 ,确保下游两岩人民的生命财产安全     

浅析渭河流域水资源可持续利用

以渭河流域为研究对象,分析了其水资源利用问题,在此基础上提出了具有针对性的对策及建议。研究认为,渭河流域存在水资源供需矛盾、水污染、下游泥沙淤积、水土流失等多重问题,要解决这些问题有必要推进＂数字渭河＂建设,进行渭河水资源功能区规划,完善渭河水权制度建设,加强渭河水土流失防护建设等,以实现渭河流域水资源的可持续利用。     

渭河洪水防御体系研究

渭河流域暴雨洪水频繁,加之近几十年来渭河下游河床抬升及河段淤积引起行洪条件恶化,使得洪水灾害已成为陕西关中地区经济社会可持续发展的重要制约因素,文章对渭河洪水防御体系建设进行了全面分析,提出了现状防御体系存在的主要问题,提出了建立渭河洪水防御体系建设及做好渭河防汛工作的措施,为减轻洪水灾害损失,做到有效的防御洪水灾害,做好渭河防汛工作有一定的借鉴作用。     

渭河下游近期冲淤情势分析

渭河下游是陕西省重点防汛地区之一,因此,渭河下游的冲淤情况直接关系到陕西省关中东部的社会经济发展和沿河群众的生命财产安全的大问题。本文分析了21世纪以来渭河下游的冲淤情势,总体来讲渭河下游河道产生冲刷,并重点分析了河道冲刷的原因,以为渭河下游的防洪和治理提供科学的依据。     

渭河西安市高陵段滩区治理探讨

随着渭河全线整治防洪工程的建设,渭河防洪问题已基本得到解决,但渭河滩区区治理相对比较滞后,河道生态环境欠佳。开展渭河滩区治理工程不仅可以使河道脏乱差的现象得到彻底改变,也是提升城市品位,改善生态环境的关键措施之一。分析认为:将高陵段滩区分为梁村渭河湿地公园区、西安泾渭湿地—原生湿地区、西安泾渭湿地—鹿苑湖景区、生态农业休闲区及设施农业区进行治理和建设。     

渭河中游洪水影响因素分析

近几年来渭河中游多次发生较大洪水,给渭河防汛带来了巨大影响.其洪水来源有渭河上游、中游的北岸和秦岭北麓,受多种因素影响,每种影响因素产生的作用方式和产生的结果不同.本文认真分析了雨水情特点,找出了渭河中游洪水主要影响因素,对如何提高洪水预报的精度提出了建议.     

对渭河防洪问题的思考

渭河的防洪问题,是陕西省沿渭各级政府、社会各界日益关注的重点和焦点之一。通过对渭河存在的泥沙淤积严重、工程防洪能力低、支流问题突出、小水大灾频繁等问题进行深入分析思考,提出从控制洪水向管理洪水转变,加快渭河防洪工程体现建设、突出解决南山支流防洪问题、综合解决渭河下游泥沙淤积问题。坚持工程措施与非工程措施相结合,不断加强基础研究、防汛预警及指挥信息系统等非工程措施建设,依法科学防洪,最大限度减少灾害损失。     

渭河下游干流堤防防洪能力分析

三门峡水库修建后,由于泥沙淤积严重,渭河下游防洪问题突出.本文根据实际资料,对渭河下游大堤各段防洪能力进行了分析,并提出了一些建议.     

渭河盆地地壳活动性与西安城市区域稳定性分析

西安市地处中国北方的渭河盆地新生代断陷区，现代地壳活动强烈，区域地壳稳定性薄弱，给西安城市建设和发展带来了不利影响，本文的主要内容和结论如下：新生代以来，渭河盆地深部地幔作用下，受到南北向拉伸应力场控制，形成了由东西向构造，祁吕贺山字型构造，新华夏系，陇西系及北北西向构造组成的复杂的构造网络系统，渭河盆地内发育规模较大的活动断裂２０余条，它们具显著的继承性，活动速率最大为２．０－２．４ｍｍ／ａ区域     

大气水—地表水—土壤水—地下水相互转化关系的试验研究

本文重点研究了有作物条件下不同供水农田的“四水”相互转化,突出了有作物条件下降水入渗、潜水蒸发的差异性,土壤水在农业生态环境中的重要性,为水资源多目标开发,探索新路子。     

水资源(环境)承载力的研究进展

概述了水资源(环境)承载力的概念、特征、量化评价方法及其总体研究的进展。强调了系统研究水资源(环境)承载力的重要现实意义。指出了当前研究中的不足,以及有待进一步研究的问题。     

供水管井设计出水量的确定

论述了管井出水能力的概念及确定管井出水量的理论依据。科学合理的出水量设计和避免过量抽水,是确保管井良好运行、延长管井使用寿命的关键。并以孟加拉国Barapukuria电厂水源地为例,对管井出水量的设计方法进行了详细说明。      

Effect of Zob-Ahan effluent water on ground water quality

Even though, application of industrial effluent water may alleviate the irrigation water shortage in dry regions such as Iran, but uncontrolled discharge into environment and agricultural land may cause unirreversible harmful damage to environments. Therefore, application of industrial effluent water should consider the environmental consequences such as soil, ground water and food contamination. In this study the effect application of Zob-Ahan effluent water for irrigation water and seepage from evaporation ponds on the chemical composition of surrounding well-water were seasonally investigated from April to March in 2003. The water from the selected well was sampled and analyzed for pH, EC, nitrate, hardness, TSS, TDS, and cations including Na^＋, Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, anions including SO4^2-, CO3^2-, HCO3^-, Cl^-, and heavy metals including Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, and Zn . The results were compared with standard levels for ground water resources, irrigation water, and direct human consumption. The result shows that the ground water in the vicinity of effluent water application fields and evaporation ponds is contaminated and the concentrations of NO3, Cl and Fe are higher than standard permissible levels for ground water resources. For irrigation or discharge into absorption well the heavy metal concentrations of Cu, Cr, Co, and Fe are limiting.     

水汽场中气液态水质量比的确定方法

包气带中裂隙岩体含水量无法用仪器或者实验的方法获取,也无法用理论方法计算,而这部分水对生态复绿和文物保护等的影响不容忽视。为了解决这一问题,确定岩体内气液态水的质量比（α）是关键。在岩体、气态水和液态水组成的开放系统中,当系统内相对湿度达到100%,系统达到局域平衡态。根据热动力学平衡理论,此时系统内气液态水的密度和质量都相等,即液态水和气态水的质量之比为一常数。因此,为了求取α值,文章设计了室内试验,通过对有效试验数据的分析,获取计算α经验公式。试验研究表明:质量比α跟温度t呈指数函数关系;当气态水达到饱和时,液态水的质量远大于气态水的质量。此研究不仅为定量评价包气带中岩体内水汽含量提供一种计算方法,同时对探讨包气带中岩体内气液态水转化规律具有十分重要的参考价值。     

Arsenic contamination of ground and pond water and water purification system using pond water in Bangladesh

This paper, firstly, shows the distribution of arsenic-contaminated groundwater in Samta village. This village, which is in Jessore district in Bangladesh, was chosen as a model village for investigating the mechanism of groundwater contamination. 90% of the tube wells in this village had arsenic concentrations above the Bangladesh standard of 0.05 mg/l. Tube wells with arsenic concentrations of over 0.50 mg/l were distributed in the southern part of the village with a belt-like shape from east to west. Secondly, groundwater distribution is discussed with respect to its flow and the high arsenic zone (As≥0.50 mg/l) agrees well with the drifting zone of the groundwater. Furthermore, arsenic-free water supply systems suitable for a small area in the village have been developed. A pond sand filter (PSF) system which purifies pond water is discussed in this paper. Prior to the construction of the PSF, the water quality in ponds was examined for arsenic levels. The inflow of drainage from the tube wells was found to be the major cause of arsenic contamination of pond water. The PSF installed in Samta is working very well and produces a good quality of treated water.     

13071采煤工作面突水水源分析与治理技术

通过对含煤地层薄层灰岩含水层长观孔、奥陶系灰岩含水层长观孔、斜风井采空区老空水的水位观测及突水水质的化验,认为告成煤矿13071工作面的突水水源主要为薄层灰岩水,斜风井老空水、奥陶系灰岩水有少量参与.其导水通道是工作面内底板存在的贯通裂隙带,通过采用以疏为主,其他为辅的治理方案,煤矿恢复了工作面的正常生产.     

General ground water geochemistry of Hellas using bottled water samples

Sixty-one still bottled water samples, representing 41 locations, were collected from Hellas for the purpose of studying the geochemistry of ground water. Since, the dominating lithology comprises limestone, dolomitic limestone, marble, and mafic–ultramafic rocks (ophiolites), the dominant major ions in Hellenic bottled waters are Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, CO₃²⁻ and HCO₃⁻, and are, thus, classified in the Ca²⁺–Mg²⁺–HCO₃⁻ hydrochemical facies. The source aquifers of Hellenic bottled water are apparently continuously replenished by fresh water. Comparison of values of Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻, NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻, pH and electrical conductivity, displayed on bottle labels with those of this study, has shown that there is a fairly good correlation between the two data sets, suggesting that the geochemistry of source aquifers is relatively stable over time, at least from 1998 to 2008.     

生态及环境需水量研究进展与前瞻

论述了国内外有关生态、环境需水研究的进展情况,包括研究内容、定量计算方法及其研究成果等。在此基础上,指出目前生态、环境需水研究领域存在的主要问题,从理论和实践两个方面,提出了生态、环境需水今后需进一步研究的课题。     

Assessing water quality using water quality index and multivariate analysis

Groundwater is increasingly gaining significance as the main solution to the water supply problems in Ghana, especially in the rural areas. This study was conducted to determine which factors play significant roles in the hydrochemistry of groundwater from the southern Voltaian formation. Conventional graphical and multivariate statistical methods were used. The study reveals three main factors controlling the hydrochemistry. Silicate mineral weathering and reverse cation exchange are the most important processes affecting the hydrochemistry of groundwater at this part of the formation. Interpolation maps created from factor scores suggest that these processes are the most pervasive, recording high scores almost everywhere in the study area. Carbonate mineral weathering is the second most important process in the hydrochemistry. This study finds that carbonate mineral weathering in the area is probably facilitated by carbonic acid rather than sulfuric acid. Chemicals from agricultural activities constitute the third most important process influencing groundwater quality in the area. Eighty samples were used to calculate water quality indices, WQI, which were in turn used to classify groundwater from the study area. Over 98% of the samples fall within the “Excellent” and “Good” categories, suggesting that groundwater from the southern Voltaian formation is generally acceptable for drinking purposes.