山东蓬莱石家金矿原生晕地球化学特征及深部找矿预测

为预测和评价山东蓬莱石家金矿床的深部找矿远景,延长矿山服务年限,着重论述了该矿床的原生晕地球化学特征,对矿床的深部找矿潜力进行了探讨。原生晕元素组合特征分析表明,石家金矿床的矿体及近矿晕元素组合为Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、S、Te,前缘晕为Hg、As、Sb、Ba,尾晕为Mo、W、Sn。元素异常形态特征显示,326号矿脉南段以前缘晕和近矿晕为主,北段以前缘晕和尾晕为主,近矿晕元素异常较弱,矿体总体具有向南侧伏的特点。原生晕轴向分带序列在36线和84线均呈现反分带和前缘晕、尾晕共存的特点,结合地球化学参数在垂向上呈振荡波动变化的特征,说明矿体由多期次成矿作用叠加形成,同时预示矿体向深部还有一定延伸或有盲矿体存在。综合分析认为,326号矿脉南段为成矿的有利部位,深部仍有较大的找矿空间;矿体北段深部矿化减弱,但出现了前缘晕、尾晕元素的共存,预示深部可能还有盲矿体存在。     

贵州泥堡金矿床原生晕特征及深部找矿预测——以Ⅲ-1号矿体为例

为预测和评价贵州普安泥堡金矿床的成矿潜力,采用原生晕地球化学方法对10460勘探线所控制的Ⅲ-1号矿体进行原生晕轴向分带特征研究。采集了该勘探线上6个钻孔矿体附近的构造蚀变岩石样品进行ICP-AES分析。通过对各元素进行相关性分析及因子分析,选取原生晕地球化学特征研究的指示元素为Au、As、Ag、Cu、Hg、Mo、Co、Cd、Sb。综合原生晕分带图及指示元素分带序列分析,判断Ⅲ-1矿体原生晕出现了明显的分带异常,其由浅部到深部总体表现为:前缘晕元素+尾晕元素—近矿晕—前缘晕元素+近矿晕元素+尾晕元素的元素异常分布序列,指示在深部存在一个或多个隐伏矿体,是造成元素异常叠加共存与轴向分带序列异常的原因。     

内蒙古柳坝沟金矿床原生晕地球化学特征及深部成矿远景评价

文中系统论述了柳坝沟金矿床的多金属元素原生晕地球化学特征,运用多元统计方法,结合地球化学各参数信息,勾勒出矿区原生晕异常形态,建立了元素轴向分带序列,探讨金矿床剥蚀程度并建立了原生晕叠加模型。认为柳坝沟金矿床西段头尾晕共存,Sb、Bi反分带,显示出多阶段叠加成矿的特点,是下部有盲矿体存在的反映;东段基本属正向分带序列,地球化学参数较强的波动,可能预示着深部有盲矿体存在。313号脉西段矿体遭受一定剥蚀,矿段中段和东段遭受轻微剥蚀。综合分析推断西段深部矿化远景较好,中段较好异常分布在海拔高度1400 m以上的较浅部位,东段深部前景最佳;为矿区深部找矿提供了重要依据。     

冀西三道沟金矿地球化学特征及深部找矿预测

解析三道沟金矿地球化学场,利用聚类分析得出3号矿脉主成矿元素、并伴有多种元素的综合原生晕;厘定金矿床的地球化学原生晕横向分带、垂向分带及纵向晕异常特征;确定了原生晕垂向分带序列,并建立矿床晕地球化学模式;优选找矿靶区,对深部隐伏金矿体进行定位预测。     

白云金矿床60号脉带原生晕分带特征及深部含矿性评价

白云金矿床产于华北地台东端辽东-吉南裂谷带内,是古元古代变质岩地层中的代表性矿床,60号脉带是现有埋藏最深、规模最大的矿脉群,矿体赋存在黑云母片岩、黑云母变粒岩与大理岩接触界面附近,主要受近东西向层间滑脱构造控制,最大延长1240 m,倾斜延深600 m,平均品位3.82×10-6.为了评价60号脉的深部找矿潜力,进而指导深部找矿方向,本次工作采集了60号脉带坑道和钻孔原生晕样品,研究其地球化学分带特征,进一步评价其深部含矿性及找矿方向.原生晕分带特征研究表明,白云金矿的前缘晕主要元素为Hg、Sb、As;近矿晕元素为Au、Cu、Pb、Zn;尾晕元素为Co、Mn、Mo.运用重心法确定白云金矿垂向分带为(由上到下):Cr-Mn-Ni-F-B-Sn-As—W-Au-Mo-Hg-Cu-Sb-Pb—Ag-Co-Zn-Bi,结合元素分带特征,构建了白云金矿床60号脉带原生晕模式,并建立了前缘晕与尾晕累加比值的地球化学参数.在矿区浅部,出现前、尾晕叠加,对应现已控制的矿体;在深部,再一次出现前、尾晕叠加,且前缘晕元素异常较强的现象,预示着深部存在盲矿体.通过原生晕分带特征研究,预测了4个深部找矿靶区,分别在056勘探线与064勘探线之间的-400 m标高、-800 m标高、-1000 m标高、-1200 m标高范围内.     

甘肃文县阳山金矿床葛条湾-安坝矿段原生晕地球化学特征及深部找矿远景评价

甘肃文县阳山金矿是产于勉略缝合带内的超大型卡林-类卡林型金矿床。为探讨矿区深部找矿潜力和成矿远景评价,文章对葛条湾-安坝矿段30号勘探线剖面的成矿及伴生元素原生晕地球化学特征进行研究,结果表明:该矿段原生晕的轴(垂)向分带序列自上而下为:Pb—Co—Cu—Zn—Mn—Bi—Mo—Sb—Au—As—Ag。矿体中部原生晕具有反向分带特征,原生晕出现前缘晕、尾晕叠加,显示具有多阶段热液叠加成矿作用的特征。在深部1400 m标高,前缘晕并未消失,并向深部强度增大,尾晕仅为弱异常。同时,原生晕地球化学参数(As×Sb)/(Mo×Bi)、(As+Sb)/(Mo+Bi)比值发生转折并升高,前缘晕因子得分在深部有很强的高值异常,进一步证实深部具有盲矿体存在的可能性。综上表明,阳山金矿矿区深部找矿前景较好。     

都龙矿区曼家寨矿段原生晕分带特征及深部找矿潜力评价

都龙矿区为滇东南多金属成矿系统(个旧—薄竹山—老君山)的重要组成部分。为评价曼家寨矿段深部找矿潜力,对其进行了原生晕分带的系统研究。研究表明:原生晕形态特征显示,前缘晕为Cd、As,近矿晕为Pb、Ag,尾晕为W、Mo;由格里戈良法获得轴向分带序列由浅至深为BiAs-Cu-Cd-Ag-Sb-W-Mo-Pb-Zn-Hg;根据原生晕轴向分带以及w(As)/w(Mo)、w(Cd×As)/w(W×Mo)等勘查评价指标由降转升的变化趋势,建立了原生晕叠加找矿模型。结合曼家寨矿段因子得分异常、主量元素找矿标志w(Fe+Na)等值线分布趋势,综合认为深部仍有良好的找矿前景。上述认识已得到探矿工程验证。     

陕西省略阳县铧厂沟金矿床主矿带地球化学原生晕特征及其地质意义

陕西省铧厂沟金矿是一个主要赋存于海底基性火山喷流细碧岩中的金矿床。在野外地质工作的基础上,对主矿带样品的测试数据进行了数学地质分析和原生晕分带序列计算。结果表明,Au11矿体的原生晕轴向分带序列从上至下为:Hg-Sb-Ni-As-Bi-Cu-Au-Co-Zn-W-Mo-Mn-Pb-Ag-Cd;Au8矿体的原生晕轴向分带序列从上至下为:Cu-Co-W-Au-Ni-Sb-Mn-As-Pb-Bi-Hg-Mo-Ag-Zn-Cd;并提出了主矿带理想原生晕分带序列:Sb-As-Cu-Hg(前缘晕)→Au-Ag-Bi-Pb-W(近矿晕)→Ni-Co-Mn-Mo-Zn-Cd(尾晕)。结合微量元素衬值空间变化规律,建立了2个矿体的原生晕叠加理想模型。Au11矿体在1 150 m中段以前缘晕和尾晕叠加为特征;在1 110 m中段,发育较强的尾晕。Au8矿体在1 150 m和1 070 m中段以前缘晕和尾晕叠加为特征;在1 110 m中段,矿体减薄,近矿晕减弱,发育很弱的前缘晕和尾晕。综合分析认为,Au11矿体到达中下部,向深部仍有一定延伸;Au8矿体已经接近尾部,深部可能存在新的矿体。     

河南萑香洼金矿地球化学分带模型研究

河南萑香洼金矿床作为典型的构造蚀变岩型金矿床,通过研究分析该矿床F985矿化带的Ⅰ号矿体各类元素组分在不同地质体的含量变化特征,原生晕异常分带特征和地球化学轴向分带特征,建立了该矿床完整的地球化学异常分带理想模型,得出矿床地球化学异常轴向分带序列确定为:烃类、Sb(前缘晕)→As、Hg(矿头)→(矿中晕)Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、W、Mn→(矿尾晕)Mo、Co、Ni、Sn,并总结出了找矿预测标志,为该矿区深部找矿提供了一定的科学理论依据。     

西秦岭寨上卡林型金矿南矿段综合找矿模型及地质意义

寨上金矿床位于西秦岭地区,是中国卡林-类卡林金矿床的最重要的富集地之一。寨上金矿矿体赋存于板岩与灰岩接触界面及板岩一侧破碎带内,围岩蚀变主要发育硅化、黄铁矿化、毒砂化和褐铁矿化等,可作为直接的找矿标志;可控源音频大地电磁测量显示H1高阻异常和L2低阻异常间的电性梯度带对应32号脉,表明在电性梯度带内含矿的可能性很大;剖面原生晕分带序列为As-Mo-Sb-Ag-Cu-Bi-Au-Zn-W-Pb;前缘晕元素为Pb、Sb,近矿晕元素为Au、Ag、As、W,尾晕元素为Mo、Cu、Bi、Zn,尾晕元素Mo、Bi分别位于序列的前缘晕和近矿晕元素位置,近矿晕元素Pb位于序列的尾晕元素位置,表明浅部矿体有可能被风化剥蚀,深部有可能存在盲矿体;根据地球物理、地球化学信息特征和矿床地质特征、控矿因素及找矿标志,建立了综合找矿模型。并在南矿段进行钻孔验证,取得较好的找矿效果。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the