江西广丰发现中生代与新生代含辉石巨晶（堆晶）基性岩

通常认为基性岩中辉石巨晶及堆晶是基性岩浆在中高压条件下的结晶产物 ,所以辉石巨晶及堆晶被视为深部地质作用的信息载体。中国东部新生代玄武岩中辉石巨晶、堆晶及地幔捕虏晶的发现与研究仅局限于沿海数省 ,武夷山西部江西未见报道 ;而中生代玄武岩中辉石巨晶、堆晶发现与研究在整个华南仍是一个空白。笔者近年来在江西广丰白垩纪红盆地工作时 ,于中生代玄武岩和新生代基性岩脉中分别发现了单斜辉石巨晶 (堆晶 )。中生代玄武岩以层状夹层产于早白垩世周田组地层中 ,Ｋ -Ａｒ年龄为 98.8Ｍａ ,1 0 0Ｍａ和 1 0 4Ｍａ。玄武岩中单斜辉石巨晶…     

巨晶单斜辉石的结晶和演化──矿物学研究的启示

巨晶单斜辉石的结晶和演化──矿物学研究的启示章礼明（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）关键词巨晶单斜辉石、结晶演化、熔体对于我国东部新生代碱性玄武岩及其中巨晶和捕虏体已有大量研究成果［１，２］。在前人工作基础上，笔者对产自辽宁黄椅山的巨晶单...     

英安岩中高压辉石巨晶的发现及其意义

在吉林省九台市官马山晚侏罗世英安岩中发现了辉石巨晶。研究表明。该巨晶不是英安岩浆的结晶产物，英安岩的岩相关及地球化学特征显示，它是酸性流纹岩浆与基性偏碱性的玄武岩浆经混合作用形成的，辉石巨晶是后一种岩浆在高压条件下结晶的产物，对辉石巨晶的温压计算结果表明，该矿物结晶温度为１２７６℃，压力为１．２７ＧＰａ。这一深度可相当于该区软流层的顶界。可以认为，晚侏罗－早白垩世火山岩形成于地壳较厚的环境。     

福建省新生代玄武岩中辉石巨晶的矿物学研究

本文对我国福建省三条断裂带上产出的辉石巨晶进行了成分、结构、差热及穆斯堡尔谱分析,提出辉石巨晶有黑色和绿色两种类型,每种辉石巨晶均由两个相组成,两个相的存在决定了辉石巨晶的许多特殊性质。黑色辉石巨晶与玄武岩有明显的成因联系,而绿色辉石巨晶则没有。     

冀东水厂麻粒岩中辉石的穆斯堡尔谱研究

水厂麻粒岩中辉石的穆斯堡尔效应研究表明，斜方辉石的谱图为两组四极双峰，分别由Ｍ１和Ｍ２位上的高自旋态Ｆｅ＾２＋产生，而单斜辉石则为三组四极双峰，其中两组较强的双峰分别由Ｍ１和Ｍ２位上的Ｆｅ＾２＋产生，第二组弱双峰是由四面体和八面体位置上的Ｆｅ＾３＋共同产生的。水厂麻粒岩中辉石的有序程度高，并且斜方辉石有序度大大高于单斜辉石，而单斜辉石Ｍ１、Ｍ２位置的畸变程度高于斜方辉石。在压力相同的条件下，Ｆｅ＾     

单斜辉石巨晶氧化实验及其异常穆斯堡尔谱的解释

在1000℃和FMQ缓冲氧逸度条件下,将天然单斜辉石巨晶粉末分别加热1,2,3,5天。实验样品作X-射线粉末衍射和穆斯堡尔谱测量,结果表明发生了亚固相的氧化反应,其中M1晶格位上的Fe~(2+)氧化为Fe~(3+),而M2位上Fe~(2+)保持不变。氧化反应在2天已达到平衡。对比氧化程度不同的样品的穆谱的变化,为正确指派穆谱提供了制约。天然单斜辉石巨晶通常可以拟合4套四极分裂对称双峰,按前     

冀东水厂麻粒岩中辉石的穆斯堡尔谱研究

水厂麻粒岩中辉石的穆斯堡尔效应研究表明，斜方辉石的谱图为两组四极双峰，分别由Ｍ＿１和Ｍ＿２位上的高自旋态Ｆｅ￣（２＋）产生，而单斜辉石则为三组四极双峰，其中两组较强的双峰分别由Ｍ＿１和Ｍ＿２位上的Ｆｅ￣（２＋）产生，第二组弱双峰是由四面体和八面体位置上的Ｆｅ￣（３＋）共同产生的。水厂麻粒岩中辉石的有序程度高，并且斜方辉石有序度大大高于单斜辉石，而单斜辉石Ｍ＿１、Ｍ＿２位置的畸变程度高于斜方辉石。在压力相同的条件下，Ｆｅ￣（２＋）的有序度具有明显地温度效应，高温有利于Ｆｅ￣（２＋）做有序分布。     

安徽铜陵地区中生代幔源岩浆底侵作用——来自矿物巨晶和岩石包体的证据

安徽铜陵地区中生代的岩浆岩岩体中产有多种矿物巨晶和岩石包体。笔者对产于曹山辉石冈长玢岩和鸡冠石花岗闪长岩中的辉石和角闪石巨晶及其堆积岩或堆积晶进行了详细的岩相学和矿物化学研究，并在此基础上估算了矿物平衡结晶的温压条件，讨论了安徽铜陵地区中生代幔源岩浆底侵作用问题。研究表明，铜陵地区大约在140Ma以前发生了碱性橄榄玄武质岩浆的底侵作用，辉石巨晶和角闪石巨晶及其堆积晶是由底侵的碱性橄榄玄武质岩浆在28～33km深处的深位岩浆房中与下地壳发生同化混染作用形成的中基性岩浆经结晶分异作用形成的，而辉石堆积岩是由中基性岩浆在19～21km深处的浅位岩浆房中与中地壳的浅变质岩系发生同化混染作用形成的中性岩浆经结晶分异作用形成的。     

山东昌乐新生代碱性玄武岩中的巨晶单斜辉石成因研究

山东昌乐新生代碱性玄武岩中除斑晶单斜辉石和基质单斜辉石外,还发育大量巨晶单斜辉石和同源斜方辉石捕掳晶。巨晶单斜辉石与玄武岩间发育复杂和简单两种类型的反应边。复杂反应边往往发育在颗粒较大的巨晶单斜辉石外围。复杂反应边可分为4个带：内部带、过渡带、外部带和边缘带,其中,内部带、过渡带和外部带均由具不同结构特征的单斜辉石＋熔体＋金属氧化物构成,边缘带为不含熔体和金属氧化物的干净的单斜辉石;内部带的单斜辉石具梳状构造,过渡带的单斜辉石具细密筛孔构造,外部带为具似砂钟构造的筛孔状单斜辉石。反应边中单斜辉石、熔体及金属氧化物的成分显示,只有内部带受到单斜辉石巨晶的影响,其余带均受玄武岩浆的制约。简单反应边往往发育在颗粒较小的巨晶单斜辉石外围。简单反应边仅发育不含熔体和金属氧化物的干净的单斜辉石。巨晶单斜辉石的反应边是巨晶与玄武岩浆间温度差造成的。在与玄武岩浆反应的过程中,大颗粒的单斜辉石巨晶需要较长的时间与玄武岩浆达到温度平衡,从而有足够的时间发育包含4个带的复杂反应边;反之,由于缺乏足够的反应时间,小颗粒单斜辉石巨晶的外围只发育不含熔体和金属氧化物的简单反应边。同源斜方辉石捕掳晶的成分与地幔二辉橄榄岩包体中的斜方辉石类似,其边部发育类似于Bowen反应（1956）形成的单斜辉石环边。在单斜辉石Al^IV-Al^VI图解上,巨晶单斜辉石、二辉橄榄岩包体中的单斜辉石以及部分单斜辉石斑晶的核部,均位于较高压力的“麻粒岩和玄武岩中包体”区域,反应边中单斜辉石、基质单斜辉石以及绝大部分斑晶单斜辉石位于“火成岩”区域,说明部分斑晶单斜辉石核部来源于地幔二辉橄榄岩,属于捕掳晶。结合单斜辉石结晶压力的估算,笔者认为巨晶单斜辉石的成因模式为：来自软流圈的碱质基性熔体上侵到地幔岩石圈下部,结晶形成单斜辉石巨晶,后来该熔体携带巨晶单斜辉石与来自上地幔岩石圈、夹带大量二辉橄榄岩包体以及斜方辉石（和单斜辉石）捕掳晶的玄武岩浆混合,巨晶单斜辉石随混合后的碱性玄武岩浆上升、喷出地表。     

中国东部新生代玄武岩中巨晶矿物的地球化学

本文对安徽女山、河北汉诺坝和广东普宁碱性玄武岩中的单斜辉石和角闪石巨晶进行了主要元素、稀土元素、微量元天和Ｓｒ＿Ｎｄ同位素的综合分析。数据显示产出于３个研究区的单斜辉石巨晶有３类：Ａｌ普通辉石、透辉石和Ｆｅ＿Ｎａ透辉石。普宁地区的角闪石巨晶乃世界上罕见的绿钙闪石巨晶。女山和普宁的单斜辉石和角闪石巨晶是碱性玄武岩浆在幔源高压下的结晶产物；汉诺坝的单斜辉石巨晶既可以是碱性玄武岩浆又可以是拉斑玄武岩浆的高压结晶体。所有巨晶相对于寄主岩者属于偶然捕掳晶。巨晶的形成符合“流动结晶模式”。它们与共存的橄榄岩色体无成因     

铁尖晶橄榄石的穆斯堡尔谱研究

本文使用穆斯堡尔效应研究了在高温高压下合成的铁橄榄石和铁尖晶橄榄石。２９８Ｋ温度下铁橄榄石的穆斯堡尔谱由一组双峰组成，它被指派给Ｆｅ＾２＋（Ｍ１，Ｍ２）离子。２９８Ｋ温度下铁尖晶橄榄石的穆斯堡尔谱由三组双峰组成，其中两组双峰指派给八面体位置Ｂ上的Ｆｅ＾２＋，另一组双峰归为四面体位置Ａ上的Ｆｅ＾３＋，两组Ｆｅ＾２＋双峰的同质异能迁移近似相等而四极分裂不同，Ｓｉ原子在八面体位置上的占有率为６％～１０％     

Study of structural and valence state of Cr and Fe in chrysoberyl and alexandrite with EPR and M?ssbauer spectroscopy

Data on the structural and valence distribution of Cr and Fe in chrysoberyl and in alexandrite, its gem variety, are given. It is shown that the Cr³⁺ line in the natural Ural and Tanzania samples is the strongest in the M1 site and for the synthetic stones, in the M2 site. During the annealing of the alexandrite crystals, Cr³⁺ passes from the smaller M1 site into the larger M2 site. The M?ssbauer spectroscopy quantitatively determined the distribution of different valence Fe ions. The various proportions of both Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions isomorphically entering the octahedral sites in the BeAl₂O₄ crystal structure were established.     

莱河矿的超结构和低温穆斯堡尔谱的对比研究

本文进行了莱河矿3C超结构和4.2K穆斯堡尔谱的对比研究。研究表明。莱河矿的非等效位置M2A+M2C,M2B,M1B,M1A和VB能够分别与Kan等(1985)测定的莱河矿穆斯堡尔谱的吸收双峰A,B,C,D和E对应,不仅解决了超结构位置和吸收双峰之间的对应,而且圆满解释了吸收双峰A:B和C:D的强度比为2:1的关系。另外,还利用莱河矿超结构的资料讨论了莱河矿的反铁磁性内部作用。     

Bonding in silicates: an assessment of bonding in orthopyroxene

The molecular orbital and crystal field theories are compared and their applicabilities to bonding in silicates are discussed, A molecular orbital bonding model is favoured for orthopyroxene since bonding in both tetrahedral and non-tetrahedral sites within the crystal structure can be described and accommodated by the theory. It is suggested that Fe located in M₂ sites has more electron delocalisation (or covalence) associated with it than Fe located in the M₁ site. Order-disorder phenomena in orthopyroxene are discussed in relationship to Mueller's (1970) two-step exchange mechanism, whereby the first step corresponds to vacancy activation and the second step to exchange of Fe between an ‘octahedral’ site and a vacancy.     

墨铜矿的穆斯堡尔谱特征

墨铜矿是典型的异类矿物结构基元层间层矿物．在其结构中，Ｆｅ可占据硫化物层中四次配位和氢氧化物层中六次配位两种位置。本文通过穆斯堡尔谱研究，确定了墨铜矿的穆斯堡尔谱谱型，并认为高自旋的Ｆｅ２＋占据四次配位位置，与Ｃｕ离子一起可能呈无序占位，配位环境的对称性较低，谱参数为：ＩＳ＝０．４２－０．４８ｍｍ／ｓ、ＱＳ＝０．８１－１．２８ｍｍ／ｓ及Ｈｉ约为２４０ＫＯｅ；低自旋的Ｆｅ３＋占据六配位位置，ＩＳ值为０．３２－０．３６ｍｍ／ｓ、ＱＳ值为０．４４－０．５９ｍｍ／ｓ。     

M1 site splitting due to Next Nearest Neighbor effects and ferric iron in tetrahedral site in clinopyroxene megacrysts

It is well known that in pyroxene structure,there are two metal sites,M1 and M2.Generally speaking,Ferrous iron in each of these sites would normally be expected to give rise to a doublet,However,anomalies have been found in the relative areas of the peaks in the room temperature spectra of some clinopyroxene(CPX)when the above assignment is followed.According to the calculation of Next Nearest Neighbor configurations of divalent cations in M1,we found that the four configurations of M1 can be divided into two groups.One group is 3Ca configuration that increases with the content of Ca(p.f.u);the other group is made up of three No-3Ca configurations that decrease with the content of Ca.The two groups contribute to the spectrum structure of M1.so in this study we fit two doublets for ferrous iron in M1.Though there were several reports on Fe^3 in tetrahedral site previously,it was not sure that Fe^3 occupies the T site is a universal fact in CPX,despite of the content of Al.We found that the Fe^3 in the T site fitted by Moessbauer spectroscopy is negatively correlated to the Si content in the T site and positively correlated to the Fe^3 in the T site estimated on the supposition that Fe^3 and Al occupy the T site randomly.If it is true.it is important in the modeling of ion exchange geobarometries and geothermomeries.     

Intracrystalline fractionation of Fe in synthetic (Fe, Mg, Zn) - bearing staurolite: a Mössbauer spectroscopic study

⁵⁷Fe-Mössbauer spectra of eleven Fe-Mg-bearing staurolite samples, synthesized at 5, 20 and 25 kbar and 680°C, ranging in composition from x_Fe?=1.00 to x_Fe?=0.15, and of two Zn-Fe-bearing staurolite samples, synthesized at 20 kbar and 700°C with x_Fe?=0.10 and x_Fe?=0.32 were collected at room temperature. The spectra reveal that about 80% of Fe_tot (in case of Fe-Mg-bearing staurolite) and about 70% of Fe_tot (in case of Fe-Zn-bearing staurolite) are located as Fe²⁺ at the three subsites Fe1, Fe2 and Fe3 of the tetrahedral T2-site. The refinement of the spectra results in almost identical values for the isomer shift (IS) (±1.0 mm/s) but significantly different values for the quadropole splitting (QS) for the three subsites which is in accordance with the different distortions of these sites. About 8% of Fe_tot (in case of Fe-Mg-bearing staurolite) and 13% of Fe_tot (in case of Fe-Zn-bearing staurolite) are located as Fe²⁺ at the octahedral M4 site, while the remainder percents of Fe_tot indistinguishably occur as Fe²⁺ at the octahedral M1 and M2 sites of the kyanite-like part of the structure. Within the whole Fe-Mg-staurolite solid solution series the Mössbauer parameters QS of the sites M4 and (M1, M2) vary systematically with composition whereas IS remains constant. There is a high negative correlation of the total Mg-content with Fe-occupation of all the Fe-bearing sites indicating a continuous substitution of Fe²⁺ by Mg on all these sites. Synthetic Fe-staurolites show no increasing occupation of the octahedral sites by two-valent cations with pressure, as was assumed by several authors.     

Thermodynamics of multicomponent pyroxenes: I. Formulation of a general model

A model is proposed for the thermodynamic properties of multicomponent pyroxenes in the composition space defined by the end-member component CaMgSi₂O₆ and the exchange components Fe(Mg)_-1, TiAl₂(MgSi₂)_-1, Fe³⁺(Al)_-1, Fe³⁺Al(MgSi)_-1, and Mg(Ca)_-1. It is formulated for the simplifying assumptions that: (1) a molecular mixing type approximation describes changes in the molar configurational entropy associated with the coupled exchange substitutions TiAl₂MgSi₂, Fe³⁺AlMgSi, and Al₂MgSi (and their ferroan equivalents), and (2) Fe²⁺ and Mg²⁺, and Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺ display long-range non-convergent ordering between M2 and octahedral M1 sites, and octahedral M1 and tetrahedral sites, respectively. The molar vibrational Gibbs energy is described by a Taylor expansion of second degree in seven linearly independent composition and ordering variables, which is extended to third degree to account for asymmetry in the mixing of Ca and Mg, and Ca and Fe on the M2 site, and is further modified for the assumption that the standard state properties of Ca end-member components of clinopyroxenes are linearly dependent on the coordination number of Ca²⁺ on the M2 site. The model is shown to be consistent with miscibility gap feaures of pyroxenes in the system CaMgSi₂O₆–CaTiAl₂O₆–CaAl₂SiO₆. In subsequent papers, the model is calibrated for the simplifying assumptions that: (1) all regular-solution-type parameters are constants independent of temperature, (2) Pbca and C2/c end-members have identical heat capacities and coefficients of thermal expansion and compressibility, and (3) the heat capacities and coefficients of thermal expansion and compressibility are zero for all reciprocal reactions relating Pbca and pigeonite or high-calcium pyroxene C2/c endmember components.     

The Possible Topologic structure Types of Orthopyroxene with Space Group P21ca

The possible topologic structure types of orthopyroxene with space group P21ca comprise four kinds of tetrahedral chains and four kinds of octahedral sites.all of which are non-equivalent in symmetry,In these structure types,the skew of the octahedral layers has a sequence of --,There are sixteen possible combination forms for the rotation type of tetradral chain.Twelve of them violate Thompson ‘s sparity rule and the remainder constitutes two pairs.In each pair,the two polar forms show a relationship of anti-orientation for their polar a-axes.Thus,there are only two possible different topologic structure types for P21ca-orthopyroxene.The ratios of O-rotated and S-rotated tetrahedral chains for these two structure types are 3:1 and 1:3,respectively,In the view S-rotated tetrahedral chains for these two structure types are 3:1 and 1:3,respectively,In the view of crystallochemical principle,the most likely form is the one with a ratio of 3:1,and its constitutions of two stacks of I-beam,which are non-equivalent both in symmetry and in topology,are and the configurations of the two types of M2 sites are P.P and P.N,respectively,A complementary twinning on(100) would be formed between the anti-oriented structure pairs,and their twin boundary is exactly equivalent to the inversion boundary,Moreover,it is possible that the ordered structure would appear when the atom ratio of Mg:Fe is equal to 3:1 as well as to 1：1。     

A regular solution site-mixing model for illites

The dependence on the composition of the thermodynamic stability of an illite can be treated in terms of a regular solution site-mixing model. Four end-member micas (muscovite, pyrophyllite, phlogopite, and annite) were mixed to simulate an illite in this study. In the model, random mixing of cations was assumed over each given class of cation sites. Mixing over cation sites between different classes of cation sites was not allowed. The resulting free energy and chemical potential equations contain four site interaction parameters: three for octahedral site interactions and one for interlayer and tetrahedral site interactions. These parameters cannot presently be evaluated because of a lack of experimental data on Fe³⁺-free illites. The model does imply that the octahedral site interaction parameters must be significantly more positive than the interlayer and tetrahedral site interaction parameter to account for the dominant dioctahedral nature of most natural illites. This constraint is necessary to balance out the increase in stability due to the configurational entropy of an illite having a major trioctahedral component.The model can be extended to cover a wider range of illite compositions by the inclusion of an end-member mica containing Fe³⁺ ions in the octahedral sites. At present the thermodynamic properties of such an end-member are unknown.